PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H G Miller

Publications and source records attributed to H G Miller.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Campylobacter enteritis: a large outbreak traced to commercial raw milk.

From April 24 to May 11, 1981, an outbreak of approximately 200 cases of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis occurred in Arizona in persons who drank one brand of unpasteurized milk. Two cohort studies showed that households with members who drank raw milk reported diarrheal illness significantly more frequently than those in which no one drank raw milk (P=.003 and P=.001; relative risk 4.70 and 3.85, respectively). Of 19 serotyped C jejuni organisms isolated from persons who drank raw milk from the implicated dairy, 18 were of a single serotype.C jejuni was not detected in the milk or the milk filters cultured a week after the outbreak, but fecal excretion of Campylobacter of multiple serotypes was higher in the dairy herd that produced the implicated raw milk (48 percent) than in control herds (16 percent).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Studies of the effects of treatment with 5-flourouracil alone and in combination with either cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or methyl-CCNU on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in murine L1210 leukemia.

Studies have been conducted on liver microsomal enzymes of B6D2F(1) mice bearing a Day 4 L1210 ascites tumor after treatment with a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) alone, and in combination with either cyclophosphamide (CP), methotrexate (MTX), or methyl-CCNU (MeCCNU). FUra (200 mg/kg) alone did not alter either ethylomorphine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, or neotetrazolium reductase activities as compared to untreated nontumor-bearing mice on Days 2, 4 and 6 after treatment. FUra (50 mg/kg)d plus CP (200 mg/kg) decreased neotetrazolium reductase activity 17% on Days 4 and 6 after treatment and the enzyme activity then returned to control levels on Day 8. Ethyl morphine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, or neotetrazolium reductase activities on Days 1, 2, 4 and 6 after treatment. FUra (50 mg/kg) plus MeCCNU (21 mg/kg) did not affect either ethylmorphine N-demethylase or aniline hydroxylase activities on Days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 after treatment. However, neotetrazolium reductase activity was decreased 15% on Day 2 and then returned to control levels on Day 4. These results indicate that treatment of mice bearing the L1210 ascites tumor with an optimal single does of FUdra alone and in combination with either CP, MTX or MeCCNU does not have marked or prolonged effects on liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of treatment data. Reliability over time of self-reports given by clients in treatment for substance abuse.

This study examines the reliability over a 2-month period of self-reports of drug use, sexual behaviors, and use of treatment services provided by 2,968 clients participating in a large, multisite, prospective study of drug treatment in the United States-the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). Analyses focus on responses to 62 pairs of logically related questions that were asked at two points in time: (1) 1 month after entry into treatment, and (2) 3 months after entry into treatment. Subjects' responses to questions asked at these two time points are assessed for logical consistency. Prior analyses of self-reports provided by DATOS clients at one point in time (entry into treatment) found surprisingly high levels of within-interview consistency in their reporting of alcohol use (Turner & Hubbard, 1995) and cocaine use (Adair, Craddock, Miller, & Turner, 1995). The crosstemporal tests of consistency reported in this article eliminate several potential sources of artifactual consistency that may have affected prior analyses, (e.g., consistency imposed by an interviewer or constructed by a respondent during the course of a single interview). Contrary to expectations, crosstemporal comparisons reveal high levels of logical consistency in clients' responses. The mean percent of substantively inconsistent responses ranges from 0.7% for questions asking about frequency of drug use to 4.4% for questions asking about sexual behaviors.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of T-ACASI interviewing on reported drug use among men who have sex with men.

Measurements of drug use and other illicit or stigmatized behaviors are subject to nontrivial underreporting biases. During in-person surveys, respondents are more likely to report such behaviors when interviewed using techniques that maximize interviewee privacy, e.g., use of paper SAQs and audio-CASI rather than questioning by human interviewers. Until recently, respondents in telephone surveys could not be offered similar privacy. A new technology, telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (T-ACASI) overcomes this limitation of telephone surveys by allowing respondents to respond to a computer. A randomized experimental test of T-ACASI was embedded in the Urban Men's Health Study (UMHS). UMHS surveyed a probability sample of 2,881 men from four United States cities and who reported having sex with men. Respondents interviewed using T-ACASI reported a higher prevalence of drug use and drug-related behaviors than respondents interviewed by human interviewers. However, survey respondents were more likely to break off an interview when the interview was conducted by a T-ACASI computer rather than by a human interviewer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of sexually transmitted bacterial infections among U.S. women in 1995.

CONTEXT: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of bacterial origin such as gonorrhea and chlamydial infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. Identifying behaviors and characteristics associated with infection may assist in preventing these often asymptomatic diseases and their sequelae. METHODS: Data from 9,882 sexually active women who participated in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth describe the characteristics of women who report a history of infection with a bacterial STD or of treatment for PID. Multivariate analysis is used to determine which demographic characteristics and sexual and health-related behaviors affect the likelihood of infection or the occurrence of complications. RESULTS: Overall, 6% of sexually active women reported a history of a bacterial STD, and 8% reported a history of PID. Women who first had sexual intercourse before age 15 were nearly four times as likely to report a bacterial STD, and more than twice as likely to report PID, as were women who first had sex after age 18. Having more than five lifetime sexual partners also was associated with both having an STD and having PID. PID was more common among women reporting a history of a bacterial STD (23%) than among women who reported no such history (7%). In multivariate analyses, age, race, age at first intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners had a significant effect on the risk of a bacterial STD. Education, age, a history of IUD use, douching and a history of a bacterial STD had a significant impact on the risk of PID, but early onset of intercourse did not, and lifetime number of partners had only a marginal effect. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of characteristics and behaviors that place women at risk of infection with bacterial STDs is not uniform among groups of women. Further, the level of self-reported PID would suggest higher rates of gonorrhea and chlamydial infection than reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Negative pressure pulmonary edema.

Pulmonary Edema associated with negative airway pressure caused by upper airway obstruction is a most serious complications in anaesthetic practice (Tami et al, 1986). Laryngospasm associated with intubation and general anaesthesia is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction leading to negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) in the anaesthetic adult (Tami et al, 1986). Other risk factors for the development of upper airway obstruction are identified, and individuals at risk should be observed closely while they remain at risk during the post anaesthetic period. NPPE appears to be related to markedly negative intrathoracic pressure due to forced inspiration against a closed upper airway resulting in transudation of fluid from pulmonary capillaries to the interstitium. The following is a presentation of a case of a healthy young male who developed NPPE secondary to airway obstruction caused by biting down on the endotracheal tube while awakening from general anaesthesia.

Adult↗