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Biomedical subjects

H Gärtner

Publications and source records attributed to H Gärtner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Heavy ion induced membrane damage: hemolysis of erythrocytes and changes in erythrocyte membrane fluidity.

Human erythrocytes were irradiated with heavy ions of energies between 4 and 18 MeV/u having linear energy transfer (LET) values between 92 and 14,000 keV/microns. Hemolysis has been studied as a macroscopic parameter for membrane damage and changes of the fluidity as a more microscopic parameter. The membrane fluidity changed in a characteristic dose-dependent manner as detected by electron spin resonance employing 12-doxylstearic acid methyl ester spin label (SL 12). Lysis cross sections and RBE values were determined from dose effect curves. The results demonstrate a high hemolytic efficiency of heavy ions compared to X rays. With increasing LET values the measured relative biological efficiency (RBE) values increase continuously. In the complete LET range the cross sections formed one common curve as function of LET and no saturation effects are observed. This is in direct contrast to other biological endpoints such as cell inactivation or DNA damage.

DNA Damage↗
PubMed1992

Irradiation increases proteolysis in erythrocyte ghosts: a spin label study.

X- and gamma-irradiation of human erythrocyte membranes (250-1000 Gy) was found to decrease the ratio of weakly to strongly immobilized signal height of membrane-bound maleimide spin label (Mal-6). Subsequent incubation of spin-labeled membranes at ambient temperature (21 degrees C) induced a progressive increase in this ratio, faster for membranes irradiated with low doses which was hampered by protease inhibitors. These results demonstrate that ionizing radiation stimulates proteolysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins by membrane-associated proteases.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1992

Fluidity alterations induced by chemical modification of erythrocyte membrane proteins.

Using EPR technique we have examined the effect of chemical agents on pig erythrocyte membranes. Treatment of the erythrocyte membranes with SH-oxidizing and denaturing or specific for amino groups reagents affects both the membrane proteins and lipids. These results suggest that modified proteins may perturb the interactions of the membrane components and lead to alterations of the membrane organization in the polar region.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[The microecological effect of human milk].

With mother's milk, in the colon a buffer system round pH 5 is dominating which consists of short chain organic acids and the corresponding anions. Thus, the activity of the microbial metabolism is retarded. The degradation of lactose remains maintained down to the faeces. With cow's milk, a neutral buffer system on the basis of phosphate, bicarbonate, and protein degradation products causes a rapid lactose degradation already in the upper colon. Putrefactive metabolites thereby released and absorbed burden the infant's still immature detoxifying capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Digestion of maltitol in man, rat, and rabbit.

Maltitol is found to be enzymatically hydrolyzed by the small intestinal mucosa of man, rat, and rabbit and metabolized by everted sacs of rabbit intestine at a moderate rate. On in vivo perfusion of maltitol (15.3 mumol/min) through the small intestine, 19% of the sugar alcohol is digested by gnotobiotic rats. 120 min after stomach intubation of gnotobiotic rats, only 31% of the ingested maltitol is found in the ileum. A daily application of 35 g maltitol to 4 human beings does not influence the parameters of well-being, compatibility and fecal state. It is concluded that maltitol will be digested and utilized by man, rat, and rabbit.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Stauffer's syndrome in renal cell carcinoma evidence for intravascular coagulation.

In 40 patients with non-metastasising (n = 31) and metastasising (n = 9) renal cell carcinoma, evidence of Stauffer's syndrome (increase in alkaline serum phosphatase and prolongation of prothrombin time) was found in 18 patients. Prolongation of prothrombin time was not due to depletion of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors or manifest fibrinolysis, but due to the presence of circulating fibrinogen fibrinmonomer-FDP complexes. Ethanol gelation test was found to be positive in 28/40 subjects and soluble fibrin monomer complexes were increased in 38/40 patients. The resulting disturbance of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion was reflected by an increase in thrombin coagulase time and reptilase time. These findings suggests a state of latent compensated intravascular coagulation (presumably triggered within the vascular tumor). For diagnostic purposes the most sensitive indicator is thrombin coagulase time. Thrombin coagulase time normalised after tumor resection and was positive in patients with recurrent metastases. The increase in alkaline serum phosphatase was due to an increase in the hepatic isoenzyme. Such an increase was much more common than the elevation of total alkaline serum phosphatase. Regan's isoenzyme was only found in 1 subject. In parallel, gamma-GT was elevated in 24 patients. The study shows that Stauffer's syndrome occurs more frequently than commonly assumed when thrombin coagulase time, gamma-GT and the hepatic isoenzyme of alkaline serum phosphatase are determined in patients with renal cell carcinoma. DIC and low grade fibrinolysis may account for the coagulation abnormalities of the syndrome.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Chemical parameters in coastal waters in correlation with microbiological parameters (author's transl)].

Nearly 4600 samples of coastal water from the Baltic Sea were characterized by microbiological parameters as well as by pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and oxidizability by permanganate. Correlation of E. coli with chemical parameters varies strongly according to parameter, region, and season. Sanitary assessments can only be based on microbiological findings.--As regards eutrophication, we should expect special and more comprehensive chemical test programmes to give us substantial knowledge, whereas chemical tests after the EC guidelines for bathing waters along the Baltic Sea coast would mean considerable work and costs without getting any new results.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1978

[Problems in ecology and hygiene of coastal waters (as exemplified by the baltic sea) (author's transl)].

A summary is given on ecological and hygienic problems of coastal waters, beginning with an outline of the different standpoints in ecology and hygiene. Because of close interrelationships between these fields, the hygienist is introduced to the ecological problems of the Baltic Sea. Hygienic questions have drawn attention because of the so-called Baltic Sea disease (Red tides?--Indication of virus contamination by bacterial indicators of faeces?). On the basis of the results of a two-year authoritative study of the German Baltic Sea coast, a discussion is presented on 1) the relationship between the coli titer and the frequency of salmonella detection, 2) the necessity of routine tests for salmonella, 3) aims of bacteriological cleanliness, 4) the importance of chemical parameters for evaluation, 5) necessary measures for prevention of pollution of the water and beaches of the Baltic Sea. Emphasis is placed on the fact that for ecological reasons the third stage of sewage purification has attained increased significance. The paper refers repeatedly to international agreements (Baltic Sea Convention of 1974, the 1975 WHO report on the recreational quality of beaches and coastal waters, European Community guidelines of 1975) and their relations to the presented findings and considerations.

Dinoflagellida↗
PubMed1978

[Preventive medical measures in the federal republic of germany. Present status and problems (author's transl)].

Following brief introductory remarks on the term "preventive medicine", an outline is presented of its evolvement during the last 20 years in the Health Services of the Federal Republic of Germany. Thereby, it becomes apparent that the development of single screening efforts, e.g. to detect unknown cases of diabetes and to make special model studies, especially in Baden-Württemberg, has led to comprehensive legal motherhood care, health care for young children, early detection of cancer, and detection of diabetes cases. Problems have arisen due to the generally very low utilization of preventive medical examinations and because of the question as to whether premorbid health conditions should be included in the preventive medical program additionally. Finally, indications are given for the necessity to examine possibilities of curtailing expenditures in the present preventive medical care program, or in some of its branches, without forfeiting the efficiency of the preventive measures. Thereby, it must be considered that these measures are benefiting only that part of the population which is socially insured. The claim to measures for health protection, however, should be available to the entire population as a basic human right.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemiological studies after an outbreak of meningitis (author's transl)].

The outbreak of meningitis during the period from the end of August to the beginning of October 1974 in Kiel affected 45 children, particularly those in the age group between 4 and 9 years. An potential causative agents ECHO viri were identified in 15/45 cases and Coxsackie B viri in 2/45 cases. The patients presented the typical meningitic symptoms (fever, headache, stiffness of the neck). In all cases the disease ran a benign course. - Epidemiologically, it was possible to trace 32/45 cases back to three locally demarcated groups with demonstrable possibilities of contact for the diseased children (family, playground, kindergarden and school). The remaining 13/45 cases occurred isolated over the urban area without any visible connection. - This outbreak of meningitis must be regarded as an accumulation of illnesses resulting from contact infections by enteroviri and lacking or deficient disinfection. Besides the rather limited measures adopted to prevent the spread of such an infection, the correct psychological management of the population especially by the health authorities is of great importance in such epidemics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Qualitative und quantitative salmonella investigations and their hygienic valuation in connection with the E. coli titre, demonstrated with examples from the coastal waters of Kiel bight (Western Baltic Sea) (author's transl)].

Qualitative salmonella investigations and E. coli titre determinations were carried out in about 4,000 water samples taken from the coastal region of Kiel Bight (Western Baltic) in 1972 and 1973, and evaluated in connection with epidemiological data. Further, about 100 samples were determined quantitatively by the MPN method and set in relation to the E. coli titre. The significance to be attributed to positive salmonella findings particularly in relation to the assessment of risk of infection and as impurity indicators was investigated with reference to this material. A comparison of salmonella findings and E. coli titre showed that with increasing E. coli contamination the proportion of positive salmonella findings also increased (paraboloid curve). Salmonella frequencies and the frequency with which the limiting values of the E. coli titre is exceeded run approximately parallel; the frequency of exceeding a limiting value of E. coli titre of 1.0 and the frequency of salmonella (determination in 100 ml) in sewage laden areas largely coincide. The quantitative salmonella investigations (MPN method) also showed that up to an E. coli titre of 1.0 extremely low salmonella counts only are to be expected (on the average, less than 2/100 ml). With an E. coli titre of 0.1, a marked increase can be seen. A limiting value of 1.0 is proposed for the E. coli titre in coastal waters. Epidemiological data have also shown that an increased risk of infection could not be deduced from positive salmonella findings. According to the present investigations, the value of the information obtained from salmonella findings is small compared with the E. coli titre. Considering the great expense of laboratory investigations, tests for salmonella should be dispensed with in routine examination of water.

Cell Count↗