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Biomedical subjects

H Gabriel

Publications and source records attributed to H Gabriel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Mammographic screening in women more than 64 years old: a comparison of 1- and 2-year intervals.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine if annual mammographic screening was superior to biennial screening in women more than 64 years old by examining differences in various prognostic indicators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 119 consecutive women 65 years old and older with 120 cases of breast cancer who had a previous normal screening evaluation for breast cancer that included mammography and physical examination 8-30 months before diagnosis. A search of the computerized tumor registry, clinical records, and breast imaging records from November 1988 to April 1995 provided our cases. Screening intervals were defined as 6-18 months (annual) and 19-30 months (biennial). Mammographic, histologic, and clinical features were reviewed. Disease severity (DS) levels were assigned to each tumor as follows: DS-1 included minimal disease (ductal carcinoma in situ [TisNO], T1aN0, and T1bN0 tumors), DS-2 included all T1cN0 tumors, DS-3 included tumors larger than 2 cm in diameter with lymph nodes that were negative for cancer, and DS-4 included all metastatic disease. Statistically significant differences were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, and the chi-square test. RESULTS: Ninety-three tumors were found in the group of patients who were annually screened, and 27 were found in the group of patients who were screened biennially. The women who underwent yearly screening mammography had significantly smaller invasive tumors (average, 10.7 mm; median, 9.5 mm versus 16.5 mm and 15.0 mm, respectively; p = .0086). The women who were screened annually also had significantly less advanced disease than women screened biennially (annually screened patients versus biennially screened patients: DS-1, 72% versus 44%; DS-2, 23% versus 37%; DS-3, 2% versus 11%; DS-4, 3% versus 7%; p = .0071). The group of patients screened annually had fewer cases of lymph node metastases (3% versus 8%; p = .12) and three times as many cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (22% versus 7%, p = .10). CONCLUSION: Annual screening mammography revealed significantly smaller tumors and less advanced cases of cancer than biennial screening, providing inferential support for annual mammographic screening of women more than 64 years old.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Effect of antihypertensive treatment with doxazosin on insulin sensitivity and fibrinolytic parameters.

The effects of the selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin on metabolic and fibrinolytic parameters were studied in hypertensive patients with various degrees of fasting plasma insulin levels (Group A: 22.5 +/- 3 microU/ml, Group B: 8.1 +/- 1.5 microU/ml; p <0.01) to disclose a potential link between a doxazosin-induced alteration of insulin and/or lipid metabolism and possible changes of these parameters on the fibrinolytic system. Doxazosin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of basal insulin levels in group A to 16 +/- 3 microU/ml; p <0.05. This finding was paralleled by a dose-dependent increase in t-PAmass concentration in the same patient group (basal t-PAmass from 9.7 +/- 1 to 15.5 +/- 2 ng/ml; p <0.05). As PAI-1 "active" as well as total antigen levels were not altered in parallel, the net effect on the endogenous fibrinolytic system is an increase of the fibrinolytic potential.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale].

Pulmonary hypertension is a severe disorder of the pulmonary circulation and occurs in a variety of vascular and parenchymal lung diseases. It leads to volume and/or pressure overload of the right ventricle and finally to right heart failure. Pulmonary vascular diseases such as chronic pulmonary embolism cause a drastic increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, which results in extremely high pulmonary artery pressures that can even reach systemic levels. On the other hand, moderate pulmonary hypertension can also occur in chronic obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. For a long time, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale was based upon findings in echocardiography and right heart catheterization. Today modern imaging techniques allow the radiologist to assess right ventricular and pulmonary artery morphology and function. The application of spiral CT, electron-beam CT and MRT permits the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and also the evaluation and follow-up of underlying vascular or parenchymal lung disorders. In addition, quantification of right ventricular function and calculation of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters are possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Aortic coarctation--long-term follow-up in adults].

Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta has been performed since 1945. Although surgical techniques have improved, problems such as restenosis and aneurysm at the operation site or hypertensive cardiovascular disease, still remain. To evaluate the long-term results after surgical repair of coarctation, 41 patients, 25 male and 16 female patients (mean age: 28 +/- 11 years, range 14-57 years), were studied 16 +/- 8 years after surgery (range 3-44 years). Mean age at surgery was 12 +/- 9 years (range 0.5-35 years). In 24 patients resection and end-to-end anastomosis had been performed, patch graft aortoplasty in nine patients, tube interposition graft in seven patients and one patient had undergone the subclavian flap technique. All patients were assessed by exact physical examination, the resting arm-to-leg systolic pressure gradient was measured by Doppler sonography, a bicycle exercise test and an echocardiogram were performed. Twenty-one patients reported postoperative symptoms such as dizziness (n = 12), headache (n = 3), cold legs (n = 10) and/or dyspnea (n = 8). In two patients the resting arm-to-leg pressure gradient was greater than 30 mm Hg, in two patients it was greater than 20 mm Hg. Gradient calculated by Doppler echocardiography ranged from 0 to 80 mm Hg (21 +/- 17 mm Hg) and showed poor correlation with the arm-to-leg pressure difference. The mean functional capacity was 89 +/- 18% (range 42-110%). In 18 patients exercise-induced hypertension was found, while in only eight patients arterial hypertension had already been known. To evaluate the morphology of the aorta MRI was performed in 28 patients. No aneurysm was found. In five patients a minimal lumen diameter as small as 9-11 mm was measured. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at operation, group I: < 9 years (n = 19) and group II: > 9 years (n = 22). Resting blood pressure was significantly higher in group II (135 +/- 27 mm Hg vs 114 +/- 20 mm Hg, p < 0.009), anti-hypertensive medication (43% vs 11%, p < 0.04) and symptoms were more frequent in these patients (15/22 vs 6/19, p < 0.04). However at time of follow-up examination the age of patients of group II was significantly higher (33 +/- 12 vs 22 +/- 5 years, p < 0.0005). Between these two groups there was no difference in follow-up time and results of echocardiography or stress test. In conclusion, despite good long-term results after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta, patients should be followed on a regular basis primarily in order to recognize systemic hypertension as early as possible and to improve the long-term outcome in these patients by antihypertensive treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Enhanced expression of HLA-DR, Fc gamma receptor 1 (CD64) and leukocyte common antigen (CD45) indicate activation of monocytes in regenerative training periods of endurance athletes.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether endurance athletes have distinct expressions of functionally relevant surface antigens of monocytes. Under standardized experimental and laboratory conditions CD 14+ blood monocytes of 55 males (22 sedentary controls [CO], individual anaerobic threshold [IAT]: 2.2 +/- 1.2 W.kg-1, VO2 max: 47 +/- 12 ml.min-1.kg-1; 13 endurance athletes, training: 3-10 hours weekly [E1], IAT: 3.0 +/- 1.1 W.kg-1, VO2max 57 +/- 5 ml.min-1.kg-1; 20 endurance athletes training: > 10 hours weekly [E2], IAT: 3.7 +/- 1.3 W.kg-1, VO2max: 64 +/- 6 ml.min-1.kg-1) were investigated for relative surface receptor expression of CD45, CD64 and HLA-DR (direct immunofluorescence, flow cytometry). E1 and E2 showed significantly (ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test; each p < 0.01) higher relative receptor expressions for CD64 in comparison to CO (E1: +62/E2: +71%; percentage of increase compared to CO value), CD45 (+44/+32%) and HLA-DR (+22/+35%). Cell counts of four monocyte subpopulations (CD56+, CD14bright+CD16-, CD14bright+CD16dim+, CD14dim(+)-CD16bright+) did not show significant differences between the groups. These data suggest that in endurance athletes during regenerative training period circulating monocytes show an enhancement of functionally relevant surface receptors indicating an activation monocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The acute immune response to exercise: what does it mean?

The purpose of this article is to provide information about the exercise-induced alterations of cellular immune parameters depending on the intensity related to the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and duration of exercise. Immunological parameters were differential blood counts (CD14, CD45), monocyte subpopulations (CD14, CD16), lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD19, CD16, CD56, HLA-DR) and natural killer cells (CD3, CD16, CD56), oxidative burst activity of neutrophils, and phagocytosis of neutrophils (flow cytometry). The main results were: (a) "Moderate" exercise (duration < 2h at about 85% of the IAT corresponding to a lactate steady state at about 2 mmol.l-1, < 30 min at the IAT corresponding to a lactate steady state of 4 mmol.l-1) elicits lower changes in cell concentrations and hormonal responses than strenuous exercise [exhaustive exercise at 100% IAT or above; (exhaustive) long-term (> 2-3h) endurance exercise]. Similar investigations about cell functions to decide about the positive or negative nature of these observations will have to follow in the future. (b) The neutrocytosis following exercise is more dependent on the duration than on the intensity of exercise. Especially exercise sessions that lead to a strong incline of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin and cortisol are associated with this neutrocytosis. (c) Neutrophils' function during the exercise-induced neutrocytosis indicated by phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity is unchanged or reduced following strenuous endurance exercise, whereas bacterial URTI leads to similar neutrophil counts but significantly increased cell activities indicating the diverse meaning of the leukocytosis in infections (primed cells, enhanced cell activity, stimulated defense mechanism) and following exercise (impaired cell function, suppressed defense mechanism). (d) Regular monocytes (early differentiation stage) are strongly recruited into the circulation during long-term aerobic exercise, whereas mature monocyte cell counts (premacrophages) increase most with highly intensive (an)aerobic exercise above the IAT. Infections induced a maturation from regular to mature monocytes as a response to the infectious antigenic stimulus, whereas exercise does not, indicating the diversity between change of cell counts and function. (e) Long-term endurance diverse meaning leads to increases of activated CD45RO+ T cells (memory cell phenotype) but compared to the incline of cell concentrations and activation levels (% HLA-DR+ T cells) during infections like infectious mononucleosis this effect is small indicating only minor effects on T cell function by exercise. The effect of single bouts of exercise on immune cell counts is large but the effects on the cell function is - i.e. compared to bacterial URTI - relatively small.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1997

Breast cancer in women 65-74 years old: earlier detection by mammographic screening.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the value of screening mammography in 65- to 74-year-old women by determining differences in various prognostic indicators in screened and nonscreened groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 103 malignant breast tumors detected in 102 women 65-74 years old over a period of 73 consecutive months (February 1988-March 1994). A screening interval of less than 18 months was chosen to separate the screened from the nonscreened populations. Mammographic, histologic, and clinical features were reviewed. Statistically significant differences were calculated using Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were in the screened population; 70 patients were in the nonscreened population. Ninety-nine percent (102/103) of the carcinomas were apparent mammographically. We found significant differences between the screened and the non-screened groups with respect to the size of lesions revealed by mammography (11 mm versus 21 mm; p = .0002) and the incidence of minimal tumors (20/32 (63%) versus 26/70 (37%), p = .0198). The incidence of lymph node metastases was 3/27 (11%) for the screened group versus 14/47 (30%) for the nonscreened group (p = .0875). The overall positive predictive value of mammography for the 65- to 75-year-old patients was higher than in our general population, 47% versus 28%. CONCLUSION: Screening mammography revealed significantly smaller and earlier stage tumors in 65- to 74-year-old women. This finding inferentially supports the efficacy of screening in this age population.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effects of antihypertensive therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Large epidemiological studies demonstrate only moderate reduction in the incidence of coronary artery disease by antihypertensive drug treatment. This is attributed to the prevalence of multiple risk factors in hypertensive patients and to possible adverse metabolic effects of antihypertensive drugs which may counteract their ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The choices for pharmacological blood pressure reduction are divided between five classes with similar antihypertensive efficacy but markedly different influence on coronary risk factors. Hence, the clinician has to consider the prevalence of coexisting coronary risk factors, comorbidity as well as the efficacy, side effects, and mechanisms of drug action.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1996

The ACE-inhibitor lisinopril affects plasma insulin levels but not fibrinolytic parameters.

There is evidence that ACE-inhibitors exert beneficial effects on endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with previous myocardial infarction. It is still unknown if this effect is restricted to this patient group only and by which mechanisms ACE-inhibitors exhibit the profibrinolytic effects. One possible explanation might be the positive influence of ACE-inhibitors on insulin metabolism by decreasing plasma insulin which in turn could decrease PAI-1, a major regulator of the fibrinolytic system. Therefore the present study examines the relationship between insulin and PAI-1 plasma levels during intravenous glucose tolerance tests before and after administration with the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril in 12 male obese patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and borderline hypertension. After a 4-weeks wash-out period glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after lisinopril-treatment (10mgs/d) for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, fasting plasma insulin level decreased from 15.6 +/- 2.1 to 11 +/- 1.8 uU/ml, p < or = 0.01. Stimulated levels of insulin during glucose tolerance test also significantly decreased by lisinopril (peak insulin from 57 +/- 10 to 41.2 +/- 7.3 uU/ml, p < or = 0.02). Basal plasma tissue plasminogen activator antigen, PAI-1 total antigen and PAI-1 "active" antigen were unaffected by therapy (8.4 +/- 0.5 vs 8.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, 118 +/- 20 vs 124 +/- 16 ng/ml and 21 +/- 7 vs 30 +/- 7 ng/ml, respectively). Our data confirm a beneficial effect of lisinopril on plasma levels of insulin but failed to demonstrate any profibrinolytic effect in this study population, thus questioning the postulated mechanism of influencing endogenous fibrinolysis by changes of plasma insulin.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1996

Ultrasound of the abdomen in endurance athletes.

This project evaluated, if athletes show adaption of their abdominal organs in response to endurance training. Abdominal sonography was performed in 26 sedentary male subjects [CO; age: 26 (SD 5) years; mass (BM): 78.7 (SD 10.6) kg; lean body mass [LBM): 67.1 (SD 7.4) kg; height (HE): 183 (SD 6) cm, individual anaerobic threshold (cycle ergometry; IAT): 2.1 (SD 0.1) W*kg(-1)], 14 moderately endurance trained athletes [EA1; age: 27 (SD 4) years; BM: 74.0 (SD 5.9) kg; LBM: 64.6 (SD 4.5) kg; HE: 178 (SD 5) cm, IAT: 3.0 (SD 0.5) W*kg(-1)] and 27 well endurance trained athletes [EA2; age: 27 (SD 4) years; BM: 72.1 (SD 4.3) kg; LBM: 65.4 (SD 3.2) kg; HE: 179 (SD 4) cm, IAT: 3.7 (SD 0.4) W*kg(-1)]. One subject of EA2 had cholecystolithiasis and another one renal redoublication. 3 persons showed uncomplicated parapelvine or subcapsular renal cysts (CO, EA1). The transverse area of the large abdominal arteries (abdominal aorta, common iliac arteries) was significantly greater in EA2 than in both EA1 and CO and partly greater in EA1 than in CO. Also, the ratios of sagittal and transverse diameters of the left and right lobes of the liver to LBM showed higher values for EA2 than for both EA1 and CO. These results indicate morphological adaptive processes of the great abdominal arteries in endurance athletes.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1996

Effects of intraaortic balloon pumping on coronary and carotid flow during percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.

Previous studies have suggested an improved clinical outcome when percutaneous cardiopulmonary support is combined with intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in patients with cardiogenic shock. We evaluated the effect of combined intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support therapy on coronary and cerebral blood flow by Doppler measurements in the coronary and the carotid arteries in a patient with cardiac arrest. During pacemaker stimulation, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in addition to percutaneous cardiopulmonary support markedly improved coronary and carotid blood flow. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1996

Three-dimensional echocardiography using a transoesophageal imaging probe. Potentials and technical considerations.

Appreciation of three-dimensional relationships could be useful in cardiac diagnosis, decision making and planning of surgery. However, current ultrasound techniques provide only two-dimensional views. A recently developed echocardiographic computerized tomography unit allows reconstruction of three-dimensional images from a series of transoesophageal slices. To evaluate the potentials and limitations of this technique we performed echo computer tomographic examinations in 104 patients with a total number of 227 scans. All but two patients tolerated the procedure well and no serious complications were encountered. Indications for echo computer tomography included coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, atrial masses, myocardial infarction, mitral and aortic valve replacement, aortic aneurysm and congenital defects. Most of the anatomical structures could be visualized with the best results obtained for the left atrium, the left ventricular outflow tract and the aortic and mitral valve apparatus. However, a variety of technical factors must be considered to achieve optimal results and to avoid misinterpretation. In 86% of patients the underlying pathology could be visualised by echo-computed tomography, particularly congenital defects such as those of the atrial or ventricular septa, but mitral valve pathologies provided the best results. In these cases three-dimensional imaging led to a better perception and understanding of structural relationships. In conclusion, despite current limitations in data acquisition, processing and computing power, echo computer tomography has the potential to provide relevant information in selected clinical settings.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1996

Middle cerebral artery velocity correlates with nitroglycerin-induced headache onset.

Headache often accompanies treatment with nitroglycerin, but the cerebral hemodynamic effects and the exact mechanism of the headache are incompletely understood. Transcranial Doppler monitoring allows evaluation and monitoring of changes in blood flow velocity in the large intracranial arteries. The objective of this study was to assess middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities with transcranial Doppler monitoring in subjects receiving continuous low-dose nitroglycerin intravenously or by patch, and correlate these with clinical headache. Twenty-eight normal adult men received nitroglycerin (0.12 micrograms/kg/min intravenously [n = 14] or 0.6 mg/min by transdermal patch [n = 14]), for up to 120 minutes, with monitoring of clinical headache status (standard 4-point scale), blood pressure, heart rate, end-expiratory PCO2 (CO2), and right MCA velocity. All subjects developed headache (mean time to onset, 34 min), reaching moderate or severe levels in 20. There were no differences in age, weight, mean blood pressure, mean heart rate, or resting end-tidal CO2 between those whose headache reached a moderate to severe level and those whose headache remained mild. MCA velocity decreased from baseline values at all levels of clinical headache (onset, -17%; moderate, -18%; severe, -16%; nitroglycerin stopped, -19%) (p, 0.0001 by t test for each stage of headache). MCA velocity remained decreased at the time of headache resolution (-14%; p < 0.001). Blood pressure, heart rate, and CO2 did not change significantly. There were no differences related to route of nitroglycerin dosing. These data show that continuous low doses of nitroglycerin by patch or intravenously produce headache in normal male subjects. MCA velocities were significantly decreased at headache onset and at all levels of headache severity. Changes in MCA velocity persisted beyond the clinical headache. These results suggest a direct MCA vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin. This method may also be used to evaluate the intracranial hemodynamic effects of other vasoactive drugs, even in clinical settings.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1996

Peripheral blood mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations as cellular markers in hypercholesterolemia.

Mononuclear phagocytes play a major role in the development of vascular lesions in atherogenesis. The goal of our study was to characterize circulating blood monocyte subpopulations as potential cellular markers of systemic immunological abnormalities in hypercholesterolemia. In normal subjects, three-parameter immunophenotyping of whole blood revealed that 61.3 +/- 6.0% of monocytes showed "bright" expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor (LPSR: CD14) and Fc gamma receptor I (RI: CD64) without expression of Fc gamma-RIII (CD16). Other monocyte subsets (populations 2, 3, 4, and 5) were characterized by the simultaneous expression of both Fc gamma-R's (25.6 +/- 5.0%), isolated expression of Fc gamma-RIII (9.4 +/- 1.7%), or high expression of CD33 (3.7 +/- 1.1%) with only dim expression of CD14, respectively. The smallest subset of monocytes (population 5: 2.1 +/- 0.8%) differed from the predominant population of CD14brightCD64+CD16- monocytes by additional expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM: CD56). In a group of hypercholesterolemic patients (n = 19), high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were negatively correlated to the population size of CD64-CD16+ monocytes. In both healthy subjects (n = 55) and hypercholesterolemic patients, the rare apolipoprotein E3/E4 and E4/E4 phenotypes were associated with a tendency toward a larger population of CD64-CD16+ monocytes. Expression of the variant activation antigen CD45RA by peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes showed a positive correlation to plasma levels of the atherogenic lipoproteins low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a). These data suggest that systemic abnormalities in mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Regression of coronary atherosclerosis and amelioration of renal function during LDL-immunoadsorption therapy in a renal transplant recipient.

Hyperlipoproteinemia is frequently observed in patients after renal transplantation and contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, it was recently shown that hypercholesterolemia accelerates the progression of renal disease. In a renal transplant recipient (RTR) with severe coronary heart disease, familial hypercholesterolemia and decreased renal function, immunospecific LDL-apheresis was instituted since dietary restrictions failed to sufficiently improve hyperlipoproteinemia and medication had to be avoided due to drug interactions. Over a period of 36 months 145 LDL-apheresis treatments were performed at weekly intervals. The desorption of 5600 ml plasma volume allowed a mean reduction of total cholesterol by 56.6% (from 256 mg/dl to 110 mg/dl), of LDL-cholesterol by 63.0% (from 163 mg/dl to 58 mg/dl), of Lp(a) by 68.3% (from 34 mg/dl to 11 mg/dl) and of triglycerides by 49.6% (from 332 mg/dl to 163 mg/dl). Although temporarily decreasing during each apheresis session by 9.0%, HDL-cholesterol values increased during the first 9 months of treatment and remained within the normal range (> 45 mg/dl) thereafter. Cyclosporine A blood trough values were decreased by 32% during LDL-apheresis. Symptoms of angina pectoris rapidly improved and disappeared after 8 months of apheresis treatment. Initial coronary angiography exhibited serious three-vessel-disease, without the possibility of bypass grafting. Coronary angiography repeated after two years of therapy showed a regression of the disease. Serum creatinine levels declined during treatment (from 2.7 mg/dl to 1.8 mg/dl) and proteinuria did not increase further. This is the first report to show that long-term LDL-immunoadsorption is a safe and highly effective treatment of severe hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease in a RTR, resulting in regression of vascular pathology. Moreover, amelioration of hyperlipidemia may have improved transplant function. Multicenter studies are necessary to confirm our results.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Increased phagocytic capacity of the blood, but decreased phagocytic activity per individual circulating neutrophil after an ultradistance run.

The effect of a long strenuous endurance exercise on the phagocytic function of neutrophils was examined. 9 athletes [7 males, 2 females, age: 36-68 years, body mass: 64 (SD 10) kg, height: 175 (SD 10) cm] completed a competetive 100 km run in 8:07 (median value; range: 7:29-9:50 hours). In a whole blood assay the phagocytosis of opsonized E. coli, the receptor density of the Fc gamma receptor 3 (CD16) and the complement receptor 3 (CD11b, direct immunofluorescence) of neutrophils were measured on a per cell basis by flow cytometry before and up to 3 hours after the race. The phagocytic rate (percentage of neutrophils incorporating bacteria) was unchanged after exercise, whereas the phagocytic activity (number of incorporated bacteria per cell) was significantly reduced by -34 (SD 8) % (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001). The total phagocytic capacity of the blood increased 2-3fold post exercise. The surface antigen expressions of CD11b and CD16 were unaffected by the ultradistance run. The results indicate either a reduced phagocytic function of neutrophils on a single cell basis or the mobilization of neutrophils of the marginal pool with a lower phagocytic activity. However, after a long endurance exercise the phagocytotic capacity of the blood was enhanced due to increased cell concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Increase of serum insulin and stable c-peptide concentrations with exhaustive incremental graded exercise during acute hypoxia in sedentary subjects.

Hypoxia was shown to reduce insulin concentrations at rest and during exercise. However, some studies have also demonstrated increases in the hormone associated with arterial desaturation. This study was conducted in order to decide [1] whether acute alveolar hypoxia increased or decreased the circulating insulin levels, and [2] to elucidate whether interactions of insulin with other hormones were of relevance in this respect. Glucose (GLU), insulin (INS), c-peptide (CP), adrenaline and noradrenaline (CATs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cortisol (CORT) as well as the capillary blood gases were determined in 15 healthy fasting male volunteers (age: 26.2 +/- 2.8 years, body mass index: 22.4 +/- 2.7 kg.m-2). On two separate test days the subjects breathed, in random order, either normal air (N) or a gas mixture with reduced oxygen content (H; FIO2: 0.14). Measurements were made at rest as well as during an incremental cycle exercise in a supine position (increments of 6 min and 50 W) at 100 W and 150 W, at volitional exhaustion (N: 227 +/- 36 W; H: 200 +/- 32 W) as well as in the 5th min of recovery. Arterial desaturation was seen throughout on H-day. At rest all hormones and GLU were normal and showed no influence of H. During exercise INS remained constant on N-day, increased on H-day and was significantly higher with H than with N, most pronounced at 150 W and at volitional exhaustion with 20%, respectively. For CP and GLU no significant exercise-induced changes were seen on either test day and no influence of H was detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗