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H Galera-Davidson

Publications and source records attributed to H Galera-Davidson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Architectural, morphometric and photometric features and their relationship to the main subjective diagnostic clues in the grading of prostatic cancer.

Novel software was developed to perform quantitative measurements of architectural and nuclear features in tissue sections. A pilot study was then undertaken to determine the diagnostic relevance of these quantitative features in prostatic tissue and the relationship of these objective features to the subjective clues used by practicing pathologists in the grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma. From a group of 82 cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with long-term follow-up, a subset of 15 cases that included 5 each in Mostofi grades I, II and III was carefully selected for analysis. Consecutive sections from each case were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or the Feulgen stain for visual and cytometric evaluations, respectively. The most important differences in the objective architectural features observed between the Mostofi grade I and II cases were the number of nuclei per gland and their distance from the glandular center. Significant differences were also noted in gland size and the variation in gland size. The Mostofi grades were also significantly different in terms of quantitative high-resolution features measuring nuclear size and its variation, total nuclear DNA content and the proportion of very aneuploid nuclei. There was a fairly good agreement between many of the subjective diagnostic clues and their corresponding quantitative architectural and nuclear features. This work (1) significantly extended the capabilities of our PC-based microphotometer system to analyze glandular tissue specimens, (2) provided insight into the objective bases for the expert diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of the prostate and (3) gave preliminary evidence of the ability of quantitative architectural features and high-resolution cytometric features to discriminate between the major diagnostic categories of these lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Karyometric marker features in fine needle aspirates of follicular adenoma of the thyroid.

Karyometric measurements were performed on fine needle aspirates of clearly identifiable adenomatous areas and adjacent normal-appearing areas in the surgical specimens from ten patients with follicular adenomas of the thyroid. Similar measurements were made on aspirates from nine patients free of thyroid disease. A total of 95 karyometric features were evaluated for each nucleus. Analysis of variance of optical density values did not show a significant difference between the three types of nuclei. Discriminant analysis selected seven karyometric features that produced a statistically highly significant separation of adenoma nuclei from control nuclei. A similar analysis selected six features that produced a statistically highly significant discrimination of normal-appearing nuclei from control nuclei. The validity of these markers for distinguishing control nuclei from adenoma nuclei and normal-appearing nuclei adjacent to adenomas was demonstrated by analysis in further training and test sets. These findings parallel those previously demonstrated for invasive and microinvasive follicular carcinomas of the thyroid.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Tissue architectural features for the grading of prostatic carcinoma.

In research for the development of a computer-aided workstation for the objective grading of prostatic carcinoma, tissue architectural (histometric) features were analyzed in ten cases each of well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinoma (as subjectively graded by the consensus of a panel of experts). Sections were cut at 4 microns, stained by the Feulgen reaction and digitized by two different video-based photometric systems. Some images were interactively segmented, considering the histometric clues to be studied; others were automatically segmented by an expert system-guided technique. The latter procedure produced good results, with over 90% of the nuclei judged to be correctly segmented in 64% of the fields studied and over 80% in another 24% of the fields. While the number of nuclei per field provided some separation of well-differentiated from other lesions, the number of nuclei per gland distinguished between well-differentiated and moderately differentiated lesions. Simplicial decomposition of the images also provided a measure of the degree of differentiation, as did the "texture" of the nuclear placement, based on two run-length statistics. Combination of the run-length features distinguished the three categories of lesions with statistical significance. The results of this study provided insights into the problems (such as the effect of field boundaries) faced in the design of an computer-aided grading system. They also showed the value of expert system-guided scene segmentation and of such histometric features as the field cellularity and the number of nuclei per gland for the discrimination between lesions of different grades of differentiation.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1989

Mucinous metaplasia to neoplastic lesions in endometrial samples with cytohistologic correlation.

Seven cases of endometrial mucinous metaplasia and five of well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were studied. Cytologic specimens were obtained by Isaacs endometrial sampler, avoiding endocervical contamination. The histologic diagnosis between the intermediate type of mucinous metaplasia and the well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma posed no problems. DNA analyses of the histologic samples showed a euploid pattern in benign and intermediate types of metaplasia, while well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma showed a hyperdiploid pattern. The cytologic diagnosis of benign mucinous metaplasia should be suggested in the presence of abundant mucinous cells in endometrial samples in the absence of nuclear abnormalities.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary vein myxoid leiomyosarcoma.

A case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma located in the right pulmonary veins is presented. The patient complained of progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, sputum cruentum and right chest pain. Angiography revealed an obliteration of right pulmonary veins by a tumor mass that expanded into the left atrium. Histologically, the lesion contained densely packed fusiform cell areas that alternated with other much less cellular and richer in interstitial myxoid matrix. The tumor cells showed specific immunoreactivity to desmin antibodies and contained abundant thin filaments with focal densities and micropinocytic vesicles.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cytometric and histologic predictors of prognosis in ampullary carcinoma treated with pancreatico-duodenectomy.

The association between several clinical, histologic and karyometric variables and the survival rates of patients with ampullary carcinoma was examined. Cases were limited to those treated exclusively by pancreaticoduodenectomy for which follow-up data was available, eliminating those cases with deaths due to other causes. The histologic type was classified as papillary, intestinal or mixed while the differentiation was recorded as well, moderate or poor. The stroma was categorized as scanty, moderate or abundant, and the tumor stage was evaluated according to Martin's classification. High-resolution morphometric and microphotometric (DNA content) evaluation of Feulgen-stained nuclei was performed using the microTICAS system. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between these variables and survival. Neither the tumor stage nor the presence of positive lymph nodes was a significant prognostic indicator, nor was the degree of differentiation or the amount of stroma. However, the survival showed a significant association with several karyometric variables and with the histologic type. Specifically, aneuploid DNA ploidy profiles, higher mean ploidy values and larger nuclei were associated with a lower survival rate. Short-term survivors (less than five years) had a mean ploidy of 2.8N, a mean 5N exceeding rate of 8.3% and a mean nuclear area of 41 sq microns, while long-term survivors (greater than or equal to five years) had corresponding means of 1.9N, 0.6% and 26 sq microns. These differences are all significant at a two-tailed significance level of less than .05 using a separate variance estimate t-test. In addition, papillary tumors showed a better prognosis than did intestinal or mixed tumors (Breslow P less than .04 and Mantel-Cox P less than .009).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lectin histochemistry of the thyroid gland.

The authors carried out a histochemical study with lectins (Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I [UEA-I], Triticum vulgaris [WGA], Glycine max [SBA], Dolichos biflorus [DBA], and Arachis hypogaea [PNA]) in different thyroid gland conditions (17 benign nodular goiters, three diffuse hyperplasias, five Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 20 follicular adenomas, 14 well-differentiated papillary carcinomas, five well-differentiated follicular carcinomas, and 30 normal thyroids) in order to determine if specific lectin patterns are developed during neoplastic transformation. The results showed that (1) in normal thyroid glands, the lectin, UEA-I, is able to discriminate between follicular cells and C-cells; (2) pathologic follicular epithelium had an increased expression of UEA-I, SBA, and WGA receptors; (3) no lectin or group of lectins allow a distinction between follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma; (4) when benign and malignant tumors are compared for UEA-I affinity there is a significantly greater frequency of malignant tumour with UEA-I receptor; and (5) although all investigated lectins have shown receptors in endothelial cells at least in one case, the most constant findings have been obtained with UEA-I and WGA. These findings suggest that lectins are not useful in routine diagnostic pathologic examination; however, in particular cases of follicular carcinoma, UEA-I may be a useful tool for the recognition of small vessels invaded by tumoral cells and the demonstration of fucose residues in malignant tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Mucosubstances in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

We have studied mucosubstances in 12 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid using histochemical techniques and a number of different lectins. Immunohistochemical staining for calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen was also performed. We have found that the presence of mucosubstances is a constant finding in medullary carcinomas; they were present extracellularly in 100% of cases and intracellularly in 53.3%. In both these compartments there was a predominance of neutral over acid mucosubstances. Receptors for UEA-I, Con A, RCA-I, Succ-WGA and SBA were found in many cells in the majority of cases, but there were differences in the affinity from one case to another. Because of this lack of specificity lectin histochemistry is not of diagnostic value in medullary carcinomas of the thyroid. The possible relationships of the lectin-binding results to glycosylated hormone precursors and carcinoembryonic antigen are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Morphometric study of bone marrow in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

A morphometric study utilizing the point counting method was carried out on bone marrow biopsies of 44 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in order to correlate the objective volume of the lymphocytic infiltration with the histologic patterns (nodular, interstitial, mixed and diffuse) and the clinical stages (A, B and C). The prognostic significance of isolated lymphocytic tumor cell burden was also analyzed. The results suggest that there is a significant correlation between the amount of tumoral lymphoid tissue (VL greater than 60% versus VL less than 60%) and the interstitial and diffuse histologic patterns, as well as with the clinical stages A and C. However, the lymphoid burden did not correlate with the nodular and mixed patterns, nor with the clinical stage B. When patients with VL greater than 60% were compared with those with VL less than 60%, the difference in cumulative survival rates was not significant after the fourth year.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Nuclear DNA in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with a differentiated component.

Fifteen cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, including eight cases with a differentiated component, were studied by DNA analysis. All areas of anaplastic carcinoma showed an aneuploid DNA content. The eight cases of anaplastic carcinoma with differentiated component (two follicular carcinomas, two papillary carcinomas, one Hürthle cell carcinoma and three poorly differentiated carcinomas) exhibited aneuploid DNA content in the differentiated area of the tumour. Karyometric parameters allowed a fairly clear separation between giant cell, spindle cell and differentiated components. The results support the hypothesis that patients with aneuploid differentiated carcinoma represent a higher risk group and are probably more prone to developing anaplastic carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Dexamethasone-prepared Escherichia coli-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. Animal model.

We have developed a new model of disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats based on the induction of immunosuppression by prolonged high-dose dexamethasone treatment. Most models of disseminated intravascular coagulation are based on the generalized Shwartzman reaction, which is observed characteristically in experimental animals after two separate inoculations of bacterial endotoxins. These produce massive deposition of thrombi in the microcirculation and significant hemorrhagic and ischemic phenomena. We have demonstrated that the administration of glucocorticosteroids at the specific doses and intervals can adequately replace the first (preparatory) injection of endotoxin. For this reason, we have attempted to experimentally simulate a frequent clinical situation, such as sepsis secondary to peritonitis, by intraperitoneal inoculation of Escherichia coli and hog gastric mucin into rats pretreated with dexamethasone. This inoculation was equivalent to the second injection of endotoxin in the Shwartzman model (triggering inoculation). A typical picture of disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by bacterial endotoxins developed, as demonstrated by the anatomopathologic, microbiologic, and hematologic studies performed. These results were then compared to those obtained in rats treated exclusively with dexamethasone or given, in addition, an effective antibiotic therapy.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1987

Karyometry and histometry of renal-cell carcinoma.

In an attempt to more objectively predict the outcome of renal cancers, karyometric and histometric studies were performed using an interactive computer-based system for the quantitative analysis of tissue sections. Analysis showed a significant relationship between patient survival and metastases and the histometric parameters of nuclear elongation, nuclear crowding and mitotic density, as well as tumor grade. Patients who died tended to have a high mitotic density, elongated and crowded nuclei and high-grade tumors. Ploidy showed no significant correlation with prognosis while nuclear elongation and crowding did. Differences in histologic grade were significantly associated with several histometric variables, including nuclear area, shape, crowding, elongation and mitotic density.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Markers for malignancy in the nuclear texture of histologically normal tissue from patients with thyroid tumors.

The chromatin of nuclei from histologically normal-appearing glands in tissue sections from patients with follicular adenoma, papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid exhibited changes that were statistically significant when compared to the nuclear chromatin in tissue sections of thyroid from normal individuals. Certain chromatin texture features assumed values approximating those found in tumor cell nuclei. Staining was affected only slightly, and morphometric features, such as nuclear area, roundness and ellipticity, were statistically not different from those in normal controls. In patients with Hürthle-cell tumors, such marker features could not be found. Results from measurements on 30 patients (approximately 1,000 nuclei) are reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Differential diagnosis between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid by marker features.

Morphometric features descriptive of nuclear morphology, nuclear chromatin texture and nuclear staining density were studied in tissues from encapsulated follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma of the thyroid, whose differentiation is one of the most difficult tasks in thyroid pathology. Measurements were made on nuclei in both tumorous and normal-appearing areas in the same section from six patients with each diagnosis, as well as on nuclei in sections from six normal individuals. The average nuclear optical density (OD) was significantly lower in the follicular carcinomas than in the follicular adenomas while the nuclear area was significantly increased in the carcinomas. The variance of the nuclear OD values was higher in both tumor and normal-appearing areas in the sections from the follicular adenomas than in the follicular carcinomas; this variance was lowest in tumor areas from the follicular carcinomas. There were also significant differences in another chromatin feature (the average difference in OD values between adjacent pixels) between nuclei from follicular carcinomas and those from follicular adenomas, whether comparing measurements between the tumor areas or between the histologically normal-appearing areas of the sections. These results suggest that the high-resolution study of marker features, such as nuclear chromatin and staining density, may help in the differentiation between follicular adenoma and encapsulated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Correlation between automated DNA ploidy measurements of Hürthle-cell tumors and their histopathologic and clinical features.

The treatment of Hürthle-cell tumors of the thyroid is controversial because of their rarity and the inconsistent histopathologic criteria for their diagnosis. In order to obtain more objective criteria for the management of Hürthle-cell tumors, the nuclear DNA content of cells from 20 cases was measured with the MicroTICAS system and the correlation between the DNA distribution patterns and the clinical and histopathologic findings was evaluated. Three main DNA patterns were found: euploid, polyploid and aneuploid. The euploid or polyploid Hürthle-cell tumors came from patients who did not develop distant metastases or recurrence whereas the aneuploid variants came from patients who died of their disease and/or developed distant metastases and recurrence. Various correlation analyses were performed between DNA ploidy and age, sex, size of tumor, growth pattern, pleomorphism, invasion and metastases. Our data suggests that an aneuploid DNA pattern or one with a large percentage of aneuploid nuclei with DNA content exceeding 5N may predict eventual metastases or recurrence from Hürthle-cell tumor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma of the skin. Report of 3 cases with a critical pathogenetic study.

3 cases of cutaneous vegetant intravascular hemangioendothelioma are presented, 2 of them corresponded to a pure form, whilst the other arose in a pyogenic granuloma. All lesions behaved in a benign fashion. In some cases these may mimic an angiosarcoma (Masson's pseudoangiosarcoma). The endothelial proliferation, which characterizes the lesion, is considered as a reactive phenomenon secondary to fibrin deposits originating from the destruction of the vascular walls of a hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: report of two cases of follicular cell thyroid carcinoma with hyalinizing trabecular pattern.

Recently tumors have been reported that have an architectural pattern and cellularity similar to hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and show either parafollicular differentiation or histological findings suggestive of malignant neoplasm of the follicular cells. This study describes two cases of thyroid carcinoma of follicular cells that displayed a hylinizing trabecular pattern. The first case was a 25-year-old euthyroid woman with a cold thyroid nodule in the right lobe. On fine needle aspiration a diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was rendered. The thyroidectomy disclosed a 2-cm, firm, brown, encapsulated tumor in the right lobe. The tumor had a growth pattern and cytologic features similar to those described in hyalinizing trabecular adenoma. The differences between these neoplasms were the presence of mitotic figures, prominence of the nucleolus, capsular blood vessel invasion, and microtubule groups in the endoplasmic reticulum. The second case was a 19-year-old euthyroid woman with a cold thyroid nodule in the left lobe. A cytologic diagnosis of follicular proliferation was rendered. A 4-cm, firm, whitish, encapsulated nodule was found in the left lobectomy. The tumor cells were arranged in two clear-cut patterns: a trabecular hyalinizing pattern with a small focus of papillary growth, and a follicular pattern. These findings confirm the existence of malignant thyroid tumors with a hyalinizing trabecular pattern and illustrate the nonspecificity of this peculiar pattern, since it may also be seen in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. The relationship between hyalinizing trabecular adenoma and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is commented on.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗