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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
H Gates
Publications and source records attributed to H Gates.
Prophylactic anti-infective activity of poly-[1-6]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1-3]-beta-D-glucopryanose glucan in a guinea pig model of staphylococcal wound infection.
The judicious use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the infectious complications of surgery. However, increased bacterial resistance within hospitals may make antibiotic prophylaxis less effective in the future and alternative strategies are needed. New immunomodulatory agents might prevent wound infections by stimulation of the host immune system. To test this hypothesis, we administered poly-[1-6]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- [1-3] -beta-D-glucopyranose glucan (PGG glucan), which enhances neutrophil microbicidal activity, intravenously to guinea pigs in doses ranging from 0.015 to 4 mg/kg of body weight on the day before, on the day of, and on the day after intermuscular inoculation with methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Abscesses were identified at 72 h, and median infective doses (ID50) and statistical significance were determined by logistic regression. Guinea pigs receiving PGG glucan and inoculated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis exhibited ID50 of as much as 2.5- and 60-fold higher, respectively, than those of control guinea pigs not receiving PGG glucan. Maximal protection was observed with a dose of 1 mg of PGG glucan per kg, and efficacy was reduced at higher as well as at lower PGG glucan doses. Furthermore, a single dose of PGG glucan given 24 h following bacterial inoculation was found to be effective in preventing infection. We conclude that PGG glucan reduces the risk of staphylococcal abscess formation. Neutrophil-activating agents are a novel means of prophylaxis against surgical infection and may be less likely than antibiotics to be affected adversely by the increasing antibiotic resistance of nosocomial pathogens.
Animals↗
An improved invertebrate synaptosomal preparation with cholinergic properties.
Our laboratory has previously characterized a high affinity choline uptake system (HAChUS) in Limulus tissues and synaptosomes. We report here on the characterization of the HAChUS in synaptosomes prepared selectively from central nervous system tissues shown to be enriched for presumed cholinergic functions; namely the protocerebrum, corpora pedunculata and abdominal ganglia. Synaptosomes were prepared from these tissues by means of a modification of the subfractionation procedure developed by Dowdall and Whittaker. In our modification, we harvested a PP2L fraction exclusively from the S2 fraction. Compared to the P2L fraction, the PP2L was greater than three times more efficient in [3H]choline uptake and was significantly more sensitive to inhibition with micromolar concentrations of hemicholinium-3. The PP2L fraction HAChUS was shown to have characteristics common to the HAChUS of identified cholinergic tissues.
Acetylcholine↗
Clear cell ("mesonephroid") adenocarcinoma of the vulva arising in endometriosis: a case report.
A very unusual case of an apparent primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vulva in a 57-year-old female is presented. The carcinoma arose in an area of endometriosis within the canal of Nuck in the superior aspect of the right labium majus. Smooth muscle fibers presumably representing remnants of the extrapelvic round ligament were found associated with the endometriosis. Of interest is the fact that the patient underwent right herniorrhaphy 9 years earlier. Although several cases of primary adenocarcinoma arising within the vulva have been reported, none has arisen in areas of endometriosis within the canal of Nuck. No case in the literature of a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from endometriosis in the canal of Nuck and in association with the extrapelvic portion of the round ligament could be found.
Adenocarcinoma↗