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Biomedical subjects

H Gaucher

Publications and source records attributed to H Gaucher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A multi-centre study of Osseotite implants supporting mandibular restorations: a 3-year report.

This multi-centre study evaluated the performance of the Osseotite implant in the mandibular arch. Osseotite implants (n = 688) were placed in 172 patients; 43.5% were placed in the anterior mandible and 66.5% in the posterior mandible. Fifteen per cent of the implants were placed in soft bone, 56.9% in normal bone and 28.1% in dense bone. During placement, 49.9% of the implants were identified as having a tight fit, 48.6% a firm fit and 1.5% a loose fit. About one-third of the implants (32.4%) were short (10 mm in length or less). After 36 months, only 5 implants had been lost, for a cumulative survival rate of 99.3%. The 3-year results of this study indicate a high degree of predictability with placement of Osseotite implants in the mandibular arch.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2001

[Value of sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cryptogenic inflammatory bowel diseases in current practice: review of a 10-year experience in a community hospital].

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the bowel that are of unknown etiology. These diseases either progress with intermittent flare-ups interrupted by periods of remission or on a chronic active progressive mode. IBDs include Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Clinical and imaging diagnosis often is challenging, hence explaining the frequent time delay between onset of disease and initiation of therapy. Clinical evaluation is characterized by three consecutive steps: consider a diagnosis of IBD; exclude other causes of inflammatory bowel disease; differentiate CD from UC since a definitive curative surgical treatment is available for UC. US is non-invasive, widely available, easy to perform, and relatively inexpensive and thus represents a significant advance in the evaluation of these three steps. The role of US in the evaluation of patients with suspected IBD will be reviewed.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2001

[Quantification of hepatic arterial and portal venous flow using ultrasound contrast agents for early detection of liver metastases of colorectal cancers].

PURPOSE: To quantify liver blood flow using US contrast agents and to evaluate arterial and portal changes in control patients and patients with liver metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty eight patients were included in this study, 8 controls (M0) and 20 patients with liver metastases from colon carcinoma (M+). Hepatic blood flow from hepatic artery and portal vein were determined using quantification of enhancement after contrast injection using Power Doppler US. The ratio of enhancement rise from artery and vein allows calculation of Contrast Enhanced Doppler Perfusion Index (CEDPI) as previously described for Doppler Perfusion Index (DPI). RESULTS: A significant difference was noted for CEDPI between controls (0.49 +/- 0.07) and liver with metastases (0.70 +/- 0.12). CONCLUSION: This functional method of evaluation of liver blood flow was easy to perform, and would be valuable for early detection of overt micro-metastases before anatomical changes observed by conventional imaging. This is helpful for accurate staging of colon carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Complications of lumbar puncture with injection of hydrosoluble material.

We report two cases of severe disorders after spinal puncture with injection of hydrosoluble material. The first case concerned a 36-year-old woman with intrathecal injection of 125 ml of hydrocortisone acetate. An intracranial occipital hematoma developed. The second case concerned a 26-year-old man with intrathecal injection of contrast media and hydrocortisone. A chemical meningitis occurred. In both cases the natural course was favorable. Both complications are well known but rare. A review of the literature is made with description of the mechanisms. Preventive therapeutic measures are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Computed tomography study of the sigmoid colon: discriminating diagnostic criteria and interobserver correlations].

PURPOSE: To assess the value of pericolonic findings at CT in the evaluation of the sigmoid colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 210 CT examinations were retrospectively reviewed by 3 blinded radiologists. Data was analyzed to determine the interobserver correlation and the value of pericolonic and colonic wall findings in diagnosis of sigmoid colon pathology. RESULTS: The interobserver correlation for pericolonic findings was equal to or superior to that for colonic wall findings. The presence of abnormal pericolonic fat was the most sensitive (88%) and specific (93%) sign to differentiate a diseased sigmoid colon from a normal one or from sigmoid diverticulosis. Wall-thickening was less sensitive (82%) and specific (76%). Findings suggesting malignancy over diverticulitis included acute zone of transition, focal fatty infiltration, and lymph nodes. Symmetrical and circumferential wall thickening, target-like enhancement, and local fatty proliferation were findings suggesting colitis over diverticulitis. Wall thickening more than 15 mm, involvement of 15 cm or less, asymmetrical involvement, acute zone of transition, and homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement were findings suggesting malignancy over colitis. CONCLUSION: To render a diagnosis, the evaluation of the fat infiltration must prevail on the parietal thickening appreciation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

[Single shot fast spin echo sequence MRI cholangiopancreatography].

PURPOSE: To assess the value of single shot fast spin echo MR sequence (SS-FSE) in the morphological analysis of the biliary tree and pancreatic ducts and to compare its accuracy with other imaging methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 95 consecutive patients referred for clinical and/or biological suspicion of biliary obstruction were explored with MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). All patients were explored with a Signa 1.5 T GE MR unit, with High Gradient Field Strength and Torso Phased Array Coil. Biliary ducts were explored with SS-FSE sequence, coronal and oblique coronal 20 mm thick slices on a 256 x 256 matrix. Total acquisition time was 1 second. Native pictures were reviewed by two radiologists blinded to clinical information. In case of disagreement, a third radiologist's judgement was requested. In 88 cases, MRCP results were compared with direct biligraphy methods. RESULTS: In all cases, MRCP produced high quality images without MIP or other post-processing methods. For detection of biliary tree distensions, the concordance value of MRCP was over 91% (Kappa 0.82). For detection of biliary tree and/or pancreatic duct obstruction, MR sensitivity was 100% and specificity 91%. The overall diagnostic concordance value of MRCP was > or = 93%. Difficulties in MRCP were caused by functional diseases or benign stenosis. MRCP accurately diagnosed all lithiasic obstructions starting from a stone size of 3 mm. CONCLUSION: MRCP produces fastly high-quality images. As it is totally safe, it can be proposed as a first intention method in biliopancreatic duct explorations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Assessment of articular cartilage and subchondral bone: subtle and progressive changes in experimental osteoarthritis using 50 MHz echography in vitro.

The main objectives of this work were to demonstrate the potential of 50 MHz echography for assessing initial and progressive morphological and structural changes of articular cartilage and bone developed in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative lesions were induced in rat knees by the unilateral intra-articular injection of a 3 mg dose of mono-iodo-acetic acid. To assess the lesion progression, the animals (n = 30) were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 8 weeks after the injection. Three-dimensional echographic data were acquired in vitro on patellar cartilage and bone at various stages of the remodeling process using a scanning ultrasound microscope. Changes involving the OA cartilage characteristics are discussed relative to those of the contralateral control joint which received a placebo. Images of control cartilage showed a smooth hyperechoic articular surface and an echoic matrix. The cartilage thickness was 266 +/- 44 microns (mean +/- SD) in the central region of the tissue. The precision of ultrasonic thickness measurements was better than 1.3%. First changes in cartilage internal structure and subchondral bone appeared on ultrasound images 3 days after the injection and were even more evident by day 7. They resulted in a slight thinning of the cartilage, a 30% increase of its internal structure echogenicity, and the appearance of echoic zones in subchondral bone. Histologic findings confirmed chondrocyte depletion and degeneration, decrease of matrix proteoglycans, and fibrovascular connective tissue proliferation at the subchondral plate. Progressive and severe lesions at both bone and cartilage surface and internal structure were assessed and correlated to histologic features. These results show that high resolution echography is sensitive to subtle and progressive osteochondral remodeling. This technique has the potential to be used for intra-articular quantitative imaging and assessment of early changes in bone and cartilage structure associated with natural human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Pediatric joint ultrasonography. Aspects of synovial pathology].

Until recently, few articular indications for sonographic imaging have been widely accepted. However, concerns about imaging costs are expanding its role in musculo-skeletal pathology. Valuable diagnosis insight are readily obtained with recently available high frequency transducers. Ultrasound may be utilised following clinical examination as an efficient tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of various synovial disorders. Dynamic studies of articular structures as they move, is a significant advantage over other diagnosis modalities. Ultrasound has proved to be useful in daily practice but still requires protracted learning curve for the operator before he becomes proficient with this method.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[Eosinophilic granuloma of bones in children].

Eosinophilic granuloma of bone or Langerhans cell histiocytosis is mostly unifocal. It appears on plain X Ray as a solitary destructive lesion of long bones or flat bones. CT is useful to define the extension to the cortical bone and also to precisely localize the lesion when the anatomy is complex (hip, spine, base of the skull). MR is very useful in case of more aggressive lesions when there is extension to soft tissues. Differential diagnosis includes circumscribed osteitis and tumors in the case of extensive destruction. The natural course of solitary lesions is favorable, spontaneously or with therapy. The prognosis is more serious in the case of multiple lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Imaging of bronchogenic cysts in children].

The authors report a retrospective series of 22 cases of bronchogenic cysts in children. The development of antenatal ultrasonography allowed the diagnosis in 3 cases. When the diagnosis is suggested for the time first postnatally, chest x-ray and oesophagography remain the essential initial investigations. Thoracic ultrasonography needs to be developed, as in some cases it can reveal the cystic nature of the tumour. In difficult cases, the work-up should be completed by CT scan, while keeping in mind that not all bronchogenic cysts present in the form of low-density images. A detailed review of the literature shows that mediastino-pulmonary opacities are more frequent than exclusively pulmonary images in the form of hyperlucent, fluid level or solid opacity images.

Bronchogenic Cyst↗