Biomedical subjects

H Gelas

Publications and source records attributed to H Gelas.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

The effect of various recovery modalities on subsequent performance, in consecutive supramaximal exercise.

Different recovery strategies from maximal exercise seem to induce different lactate utilization patterns without significantly affecting performance on one subsequent maximal exercise. It remains unclear however, how varying recovery modalities affects repeated maximal exercise. To study this, we examined in 16 subjects, the influence of passive (P), active leg (L) and active arm (A) twenty minutes recovery periods separating a series of four exhaustive exercises, up to two minutes duration. Significant decreases in performance between the first and fourth exercise were observed in all recovery series but a significant decrease in performance in the second exercise was observed during passive recovery alone (p < 0.01). When the different types of recovery are compared, a more pronounced decrement in performance was found during passive recovery when first and last exercises are compared (p < 0.04). Pedaling duration in each successive exercise was unaffected in A or L but was significantly shorter in P (p < 0.03). Highly significant differences in mean blood lactate kinetics were found for the three recovery patterns used, with more elevated peak and nadir levels in passive recovery, intermediate values in active arm and lowest concentrations in active leg recovery. However, no correlation was found between performance and lactate concentration at the onset of exercise (r = -0.15; p = NS). Mean heart rates were similar throughout the experimental protocol except for a lower cardiac frequency during the last 5 minutes of passive recovery (p < 0.01). Blood hematocrits showed higher hemoconcentrations in repeated exercise during passive recovery (p < 0.01) despite significantly lower total fluid losses in this group. A significant correlation between peak hematocrit and blood lactate was also found (r = 0.67; p < 0.001). We conclude that the type of recovery has a significant effect on blood lactate elimination kinetics, and active recovery is beneficial in the preservation of performance during repeated maximal exercise. Furthermore, plasma shifts across the extra and intravascular spaces are induced by maximal exercise, and appear to closely follow blood lactate kinetics.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Therapeutic attitudes and malaria in Sanaga Basin (Cameroon)].

In order to evaluate malaria problems such as they are perceived by Sanaga Basin populations in Cameroon, authors appealed to a cluster sample survey on a population sample obtained from a 2 degree population poll in four representative sites. Malaria so defined represents the outstanding endemia by which the most usual therapeutic recourse makes self-medication interfere particularly by amino-4-quinolines. It is convenient to verify the quality of treatment so administered to adapt possibly training objectives of the interested population. In the present context of the chemoresistance extension of plasmodial strains to usual antimalarials, setting up a surveillance system of efficiency is necessary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Effect of different modalities of exercise and recovery on exercise performance in subjects with sickle cell trait.

The sickle cell trait (HbAS) does not seem to affect exercise performance. It remains unclear, however, whether the capability to sustain repeated brief maximal effort and recovery by HbAS subjects, is also preserved. To study this, nine HbAS and nine matched controls underwent on two different occasions, a series of four, approximately 2-min duration, maximal cycle exercise tests separated by 20-min recovery periods of either absolute rest (P) or light pedaling (A) as well as an incremental test to exhaustion. In all tests, work performed, heart rate, blood hematocrit, lactate, and serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) were measured. Performances were similar in HbAS and HbAA subjects in both the predominantly anaerobic and aerobic exercise series. There were no observable differences in work, power, or heart rate in the two groups both during peak exercise or recovery periods. A significant hemoconcentration was observed during P, with hematocrit increasing in HbAS from 46.4 +/- 0.7% to 48.3 +/- 0.4% at the end of the last recovery period. Similar changes were seen in HbAA. Significantly greater fluid losses were found during A (1.3 +/- 0.2 l in A and 0.6 +/- 0.1 l in P for HbAS; P < 0.001), but fluid losses were similar in each type of recovery in the two groups. Despite similar performance, significantly lower blood lactate concentrations were consistently found in HbAS in each of the three exercise series (P < 0.001). Lower lactate levels in HbAS were observed only at exercise loads above the lactate threshold during the incremental test (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Malaria in Yaounde (Cameroon). Cost and antivectorial control at the family level].

In order to evaluate the financial charges of antivector control and disease at family level for "malaria disease" as perceived by Yaounde inhabitants, the authors carried out a transverse survey on a representative sample of populations derived from sampling surveys at different degrees. Malaria, so defined, represents a dominating endemic for which the yearly financial effort consented by each family amounts to 57,000 FCFA which represents medical care and entailed services as well as the purchase of chemicals for antivector control. The development of more efficient therapeutic behaviours and promotion of greater use of remanent insecticide impregnated bed nets comes in first in setting up training programmes aimed at health personnels and populations who are under their responsibility.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Endemic leprosy in the People's Republic of Congo. An epidemiological and behavioral analysis].

The authors report the results of a national prevalence survey of leprosy made in 1989 in Popular Republic of Congo. Leprosy is essentially found in rural areas and frequently causes disabilities. The prevalence rate is 5.8 +/- 2.6% among people more than 15 years of age, and 10.5% of all forms are multibacillary. All patients are under DDS monotherapy. One overwhelming risk factor is leprosy cases in the family history; active case-finding and surveillance of contact cases are recommended. Generally, leprosy is poorly understood by the general population; an educational effort is necessary.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Uncomplicated attack of malaria in an area with high resistance to chloroquine. I. Evaluation of a short treatment with quinine].

The good results achieved in the treatment of malaria with a 7 and 5 days one of quinine (orally dose 8 mg/kg/8 h), incited the authors to try a 3 days long treatment at the same dose. They experimented this protocol on hospitalised children. All patients were free of parasites at day 7 with an average residual concentration quinine of 2.7 +/- 0.8 mg/l. Among the 7 patients with malaria at day 14, 4 didn't require another treatment and 2 presented new infestation. 50% of plasmodial isolated strains were chloroquine resistant and 40% amodiaquine resistant. The efficiency of this protocol could be in favour of its larger use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Uncomplicated malaria attack in an area with high resistance to chloroquine. 3. The use of second-choice oral drug treatment].

This study appreciated the efficiency of uncomplicated malaria second line treatment (P. falciparum) in an area with high level of chemoresistance. No therapeutic failure was found with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansidar), and mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Fansimef), in contrast with a rate of 8% with quinine. The authors discuss the place of these therapeutic, in the treatment of malaria.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Evaluation of practice and costs of vector control on a family level in Central Africa. II. Douala City (Cameroon), July 1988].

A Knowledge, Attitude, Practice survey was carried out in July 1988 in Douala city, by cluster sampling and household visits. 98% of these households declared being disturbed by mosquitoes (bites, diseases, noise); 91% of families are using a vector control method; the main methods are: bed-nets (48%), insecticide sprays (39.5%) and mosquito coils (36.7%). The average cumulated expense by households for vector control (116.6 ECU/year) and care for diseases attributed to mosquitoes (147.4 ECU/year) was evaluated at the equivalent of about 3 months of "minimum monthly wages". More than 90% of people interviewed would accept buying and using an insecticide impregnated bed-net provided that the price of such a product be lower than the current habitual price for ordinary bed-nets. The distribution of the impregnation technique must be made at the level of impregnation centres, which should start impregnating the existing bed-nets and take care of informing the public.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivity in Yaounde and its surroundings (Cameroon). In vivo and in vitro study].

Among 172 strains collected in Yaoundé 60% are chloroquine-resistant, 37% are amodiaquine-resistant, instead of quinine and mefloquine which are completely efficient. Among 30 strains collected at a rural health center (where self treatment decreases), 27% are chloroquine-resistant. New therapeutic schemes for first and second line treatment in endemic areas must be evaluated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Evaluation of practices and costs of antivectorial control at the family level in central Africa, I. Yaoundé City (March 1988)].

Within the framework of the preparation (acceptability and feasibility) of an integrated malaria control including insecticide impregnated bednets notably, a Knowledge Attitude Practice survey (home cluster sample) was carried through in March, 1988 in Yaoundé City to identify the current major mosquito behaviour control methods: insecticide sprays, mosquito coils and bednets and the motivations in the use of these control methods. The cost of vector control and cares for diseases attributed to mosquitoes have been evaluated. The survey shows that insecticide impregnated bednets represent an accessible and suitable control method subject to regular supply with reasonable prices and implementation of demonstration stations for the impregnation.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Health care accessibility and adequacy of health care system in the Sanaga basin (Central Cameroon)].

The authors report on the results of a Survey Carried out in four areas in Center Cameroon. Health gets a major position within the concerns of the population to protect it, they prefer the classical and official system of health Care rather than the primary Health care System. Self-medication is also a preferred solution. In the rural milieu, they often pay a visit to a traditional practitioner. When they have to take a decision, geographical situation and money problem play both a major role.

Cameroon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of endemic leprosy in the People's Republic of the Congo. Risk factors and markers].

A national prevalence survey of leprosy was made in june 1989 in Popular Republic of Congo: authors report results. The prevalence rate is 5.8% +/- 2.6% among people more than 15 years of age, and 10.5% of all forms are multibacillary. All patients are under DDS monotherapy. One overwhelming risk factor is leprosy antecedents in the family history; active case-finding and surveillance of contacts are recommended.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Malaria and surgery: which prophylaxis?].

The authors report on a study carried out at the Centre Hospitalier universitaire (University Hospital) of Yaounde (Cameroon). Such a study aimed at to check interest of systematic malaria chemoprophylaxis during the peri-operative phase in general surgery. 61 patients were divided in two groups by random allocation with and without quinine chemoprophylaxis. All of them were monitored clinically and parasitologically during the peri-operative phase. Results show that in both groups, only patients already positive before surgical intervention presented clinical malaria signs, biologically confirmed; malaria attack was more frequent and more severe in the group without quinine. No malaria attack was observed in patients of both groups in which thick smear was negative in pre-operative phase. The authors suggest that any patient during the pre-operative phase, be tested to find out Plasmodium falciparum. If the test is positive, so chemoprophylaxis with quinine be prescribed. But such a medication is valuable only in urban endemic zone.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of carriers of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2) in South Cameroon. Results of attempts to isolate retroviruses].

In this work are summarized the results of the serological investigations about HIV1 and HIV2 done since 1986 in the Republic of Cameroon, using the Henderson's cluster sampling method (2). With regard to neighbour countries' results, the prevalence of specific antibodies against HIV1 is weak (less than or equal to 0.5%). This is confirmed by the few number of AIDS (53) since 1985. The prevalence of the HIV2 antibodies carriers is null. Since 1987, the Centre Pasteur of Cameroon is able to isolate retrovirus. The lymphocyte cultures from false positive samples were always negatives.

Adult↗