Biomedical subjects

H Gislason

Publications and source records attributed to H Gislason.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Gastric bicarbonate secretion, acid secretion, and mucosal blood flow during influence of pentagastrin and omeprazole in the cat.

In this study secretion of bicarbonate and acid and mucosal blood flow were determined simultaneously in cats. The gastric lumen of anesthetized cats was continuously perfused with isotonic saline. Secretion of HCO-3 and H+ was calculated from continuous measurements of pH and PCO2 in the perfusate. Mucosal blood was measured by means of radiolabeled microspheres. Under resting acid secretory conditions, bicarbonate secretion into the gastric lumen averaged 1.0 mumol/min. Somewhat surprising, both omeprazole (4 mg/kg as bolus) and pentagastrin (16 micrograms/kg.h intravenously) significantly reduced the HCO-3 secretion. Omeprazole did not influence mucosal blood flow, whereas corpus mucosal blood flow increased during pentagastrin stimulation. Under resting acid secretory conditions and during omeprazole treatment there was a close linear relationship between acid and bicarbonate secretion. No such relationship was found during pentagastrin stimulation of the mucosa. No consistent relationship was obtained between blood flow and bicarbonate secretion in normal gastric mucosa.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Pancreatic ascites: treatment by continuous somatostatin infusion.

Two male patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis due to alcohol abuse were admitted with pancreatic ascites (high concentration of amylase, raised protein concentration, no specific cytologic features). Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) confirmed gross ascites and inflammation of the pancreas in both patients, and a pseudocyst in the head of the pancreas in one of them. Treatment with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and a H2-blocking agent was instituted and continued for 4 and 2 wk, respectively. Due to lack of improvement, somatostatin infusion (250 micrograms/h) was started. During the next few days, there was a rapid improvement of the clinical status, and the production of ascites ceased. We conclude that somatostatin infusion should be tried before any invasive diagnostic or therapeutic intervention in patients with pancreatic ascites.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Role of blood flow in adaptive protection of the cat gastric mucosa.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that adaptive cytoprotection is related to increased blood flow caused by mild irritants. The stomach of cats was perfused with saline at pH 1.0. Mucosal blood flow was determined by radioactive microspheres, and celiac artery blood flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Gastric blood flow was left undisturbed or reduced by tightening a vessel loop around the celiac artery. Mucosal exposure to absolute ethanol for 2 minutes caused extensive damage to the surface epithelium, the pits, and the upper half of the glands. Pretreatment of the mucosa with 2 mol/L NaCl for 10 minutes prevented the development of mucosal lesions after subsequent application of absolute ethanol. The mucosal blood flow increased markedly after treatment with 2 mol/L NaCl. When this hyperemic response was inhibited by reducing celiac artery blood flow, ethanol caused lesions of similar degree as in animals not pretreated with 2 mol/L NaCl. A highly significant correlation was obtained between mucosal blood flow, as determined just before the application of ethanol, and the degree of ethanol-induced damage. At a chosen level of blood flow, ethanol caused the same degree of damage with or without pretreatment with 2 mol/L NaCl. In conclusion, high mucosal blood flow caused by a mild irritant is an important factor in adaptive gastric protection. With the present experimental setup, the protection could be fully explained as a result of the hyperemic response caused by 2 mol/L NaCl.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Release of cytokines associated with gastric mucosal injury.

This study was performed to examine if the cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are released from the gastric mucosa during acute mucosal damage, and if the generation of these cytokines is affected by indomethacin. Cat stomachs were exposed to 2 M NaCl for 10 min followed by luminal perfusion at pH 1. Gastric mucosal blood flow was determined by radioactive microspheres, portal vein blood flow by transit-time flowmetry, and H+ back diffusion/secretion by pH-stat titration. Concentrations of active cytokines and of histamine in aortic and portal vein blood were measured by bioassay and RIA, respectively. Active IL-6, but not IL-1 and TNF, is released from the gastric mucosa during acute mucosal damage by 2 M NaCl and acid back diffusion. Indomethacin increased mucosal injury and enhanced the TNF generation but reduced the release of IL-6 from the gastric mucosa. We conclude that IL-1 and TNF probably do not play an important modulating role during acute gastric mucosal damage. The generation of IL-6 may, however, contribute to mucosal protection.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hemodynamic changes associated with strangulation obstruction in cats.

While changes in blood flow associated with simple intestinal obstruction have been studied extensively, little is known about blood flow changes associated with strangulation obstruction. Closed loop strangulation was produced in anesthetized cats by means of a baby pressure gasket. Intestinal blood flow was measured by transit time flowmetry. Blood pressure was measured in a carotid artery and in veins of a closed loop of small intestine. The gasket pressure was increased stepwise in 10 mm Hg increments after which the intestinal venous pressure was kept constant at 50 mm Hg for 5 h. Increasing gasket pressure was followed by a corresponding increase in venous pressure in the closed bowel loop. Blood flow in the closed loop decreased with increasing venous pressure and was closely related to the arteriovenous perfusion pressure under stepwise increase of the gasket pressure and during prolonged periods with increased venous pressure. At constant elevated venous pressure the intestinal blood flow was determined by the arterial pressure. The vascular resistance in the closed loop increased exponentially with increasing venous pressure and especially at very low blood flow. In conclusion, we have found that strangulation obstruction is associated with increased venous pressure in the closed loop which contributes to maintaining intestinal blood flow during the obstruction.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cholecystectomy improves long-term success after endoscopic treatment of CBD stones.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim was to study prospectively primary endoscopic treatment of CBD stones and further the long-term need for renewed gallstone disease interventions, defined as short- and long-term outcome. METHODOLOGY: Seven years prospective follow-up of 101 consecutive patients with CBD stones who underwent endoscopic treatment with the intent of primarily achieving duct clearance. RESULTS: Many patients underwent several endoscopy sessions before stone clearance was completed in 83%. Eleven patients were treated surgically, 2 patients received a permanent stent, and the remaining 3 became stone free with other means. Complications occurred in 47 patients. During follow-up, 31 patients were readmitted for gallstone disease and 15 of these had recurrent CBD stones. Ten percent (8/78) of patients with the gallbladder in situ had acute cholecystitis during follow-up and late cholecystectomy was carried out in 22%. Risk factors for new gallstone disease were an in situ gallbladder containing stones and previous episodes of CBD stones. CONCLUSIONS: A goal of complete CBD stone clearance with ERC and ES proved to be relatively resource consuming. Subsequent cholecystectomy after duct clearance for CBD should be advised when the gallbladder lodges gallstones, especially in younger patients. Recurrent CBD stones were not influenced by cholecystectomy.

Adult↗