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Biomedical subjects

H Goebell

Publications and source records attributed to H Goebell.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Inhibition of pancreatic secretion of enzymes by calcitonin.

Calcitonin in pharmacological dosage inhibits the secretion of enzymes in the human pancreas without influencing the production of fluid and bicarbonate. The degree of inhibition is the same in a juice stimulated by secretin alone and by secretin plus pancreozymin-cholecystokinin or caerulein. Thus the endogenous and the exogenously applied pancreozymin is inhibited in its action. The secretion of enzymes, which is induced cholinergically by carbamylcholine or insulin hypoglycemia, is not altered by calcitonin. The inhibitory action of CT is not counteracted by infusion of calcium thus showing that local depletion of calcium is not the mechanism of inhibition. Possible mechanisms are the direct interference with pancreozymin at the acinar cell and the inhibition of hormone-release from the pancreozyminproducing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Long-term effects of calcitonin on gastric secretion in normals, peptic ulcer and high risk patients.

Using a 12-hour infusion of salmon synthetic calcitonin (S-CT), distinct and sustained inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion has been demonstrated in 4 normal subjects, 3 patients with peptic ulcer disease and 3 high risk patients. In 3 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, treated in the same way, elevated serum gastrin was reduced by about 50% and acid secretion by more than 90%. In healthy volunteers oral administration of human synthetic CT (H-CT) led to reduction in basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretion by about 50%, lasting for more than 2 hours after the instillation of CT. In 4 subjects receiving CT intravenously, slight nausea and headache were registered, while there were no side effects after the oral route. Serum calcium did not change after i.v. or oral administration of CT. Wheras therapeutical applications of CT, given by i.v. route, seem to be restricted to selected cases, i.e. acute gastric ulcerations with imminent or existent bleeding, the eventual benefit or orally administered CT in peptic ulcer disease should be evaluated in controlled long-term trials.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

The role of calcium in pancreatic secretion and disease.

Calcium enters the pancreatic juice from two sources, one fraction associated with enzyme protein and another small fraction presumably by diffusion. The calcium concentration in pancreatic juice is lower than in plasma. It decreases with high flow rates and increases asymptotically to plasma concentration with low rates. In chronic pancreatitis calcium concentration is raised in the secretin-stimulated juice. After pancreozymin in moderate chronic pancreatitis it is low but in severe stages of the disease it is high signalling total dissociation from the entrance of enzyme protein, which is very low in these cases. Hypercalcemia stimulates enzyme secretion in the pancreas, hypocalcemia inhibits it. Calcium is essential for intracellular processes associated with secretion, the exact place in the sequence of "stimulus-secretion-coupling" still being unknown. Calcitonin as one of the hormones which regulates calcium homeostasis, inhibits secretion of enzymes but not of fluid and bicarbonate. The action of the parathyroid hormone on the exocrine pancreas is unknown. In primary hyperparathyroidism with chronic hypercalcemia acute and chronic pancreatitis occur 10 to 20 times more frequently than in the general population. In acute pancreatitis of whatever origin hypocalcemia is atypical feature of the disease indicating bad prognosis. The mechanism of its development is still unclear. In chronic pancreatitis the forming of calcified stones in the ducts is typical in cases associated with alcoholism, with protein malnutrition and with primary hyperparathyroidism. But it occurs also in cases with unknown etiology signalling a more general pathophysiological phenomenon. The calcium salts form a precipitate on protein plugs in the juice, which have been observed even in early stages of the disease in the small and larger ducts of the gland.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Summary of work session 4: Effects of calcitonin and somatostatin on the stomach and pancreas--a possible therapeutic principle].

Although calcitonin and somatostatin are polypeptid hormones of entirely different structure, in pharmacological doses they possess a similar effect to secretions of stomach and pancreas. Given intravenously, they generally inhibit the basal secretion of organs, stimulated by pentagastrin or pancreozymin, as well as the contraction of the gallbladder. Orally, calcitonin also suppresses by direct contact the secretion of the stomach. While calcitonin in higher doses shows only very slight and tolerable side effects (nausea, headache), somatostatin acts suppressively on many other hormone-regulated systems. Apart from this, disturbances of blood coagulation in monkeys and man were observed, findings which necessitate very careful application. Therapeutical trials appear reasonable with calcitonin in treating acute pancreatitis, in prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers with the danger of bleeding, in intensive care medicine, in preoperative procedure of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as well as in duodenal ulcers (oral calcitonin). Double blind studies are carried out at present to answer most of these questions (acute pancreatitis, stress ulcers, duodenal ulcers), results of which should definitely be awaited.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Calcium, pancreatic secretion and pancreatitis (author's transl)].

The concentration of calcium in the pancreatic juice is lower than in plasma. Two calcium fractions occur in the juice, the one associated with the enzyme protein and the other entering the juice via diffusion. In chronic pancreatitis the calcium concentration of the juice is increased in post-secretin periods. Hypercalcemia stimulates enzyme secretion and elevates calcium concentration in the juice. Hypocalcemia inhibits secretion of enzymes and fluid. Calcium is an important mediator substance for the secretion of pancreatic hydrolases at the intracellular level. In primary hyperparathyroidism with chronic hypercalcemia the prevalence of acute and chronic pancreatitis is 10--12 times higher than in normal population. In chronic pancreatitis caused by alcoholism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic protein deficiency without alcoholism calcifying duct stones are seen in the pancreas in high frequency.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Effects of secretin and cholecystokinin on motor activity of human jejunum. A radiotelemetering study of jejunal motility during secretin and cholecystokinin intravenous infusion.

The effects of intravenous administration of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) on motility of the human jejunum were investigated with pressure-sensitive radiotelemetering capsules. Secretin inhibited and CCK stimulated the spontaneous motor activity of this part of the small intestine. Raising the dosages of the two hormones caused increasing effects. It seems likely, therefore, that both hormones play a role in the regulation of intestinal motility in man.

Adult↗