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Biomedical subjects

H Grötsch

Publications and source records attributed to H Grötsch.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Enzymuria in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Twenty four hour urine samples of male control and streptozotocin-diabetic Wistar rats were analysed for a series of commonly known kidney-specific enzymes, for electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, total protein and urine volume. The examination was done during two periods of 5 days between the 25th and 30th and the 32nd and 36th day after streptozotocin application. In the first period the animals had free access to food and water, whereas in the second period on days 32, 34 and 36 food was withdrawn. In the first observation period the diabetic rats showed increased excretion rates of 15 measured urinary parameters, while alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.1.2) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activities were lowered and inorganic phosphate was unchanged. The removal of food resulted in decreased excretion values for alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and total protein as compared with fasted nondiabetic animals. The activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and the excretion values for sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and glucose were higher than in fasted nondiabetic rats. beta-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), potassium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, and urine volume showed no differences between fasted diabetic and fasted control animals. The enzymes in the renal cortex at the end of the experiment showed only decreased activity of alanine aminopeptidase in diabetic rats. Lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, beta-glucosidase, C1-fructose 1.6-diphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) were increased and gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) showed no change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Enzymuria of the rat: biorhythms and sex differences.

Alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were measured daily over 65 days in 24-hour urine of male and female Wistar rats. The mathematical evaluation was based on the Fourier-analysis. The excretion of alanine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase was higher in male than in female rats. This sex-dependent difference was not observed for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The excretion of the 3 enzymes followed a biorhythm with a dominant period of 7 days for gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and one of 9 days for alanine aminopeptidase. Biorhythms and sex differences of enzymuria should be considered in experimental designs.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1985

Renal tolerance of ofloxacin, a new gyrase inhibitor.

An open study was carried out in 12 male, healthy volunteers to investigate the renal tolerance of ofloxacin, a new, broad-spectrum oral antibacterial agent. Subjects received single doses of 300 mg and then repeated doses of 300 mg ofloxacin twice daily for 7 days. Urine was collected in several fractions during the study and the excretion of creatinine, alanine-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and n-acetyl-beta-glucose aminidase (NAG) was calculated in 12-hour fractions. Serum creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin concentrations and creatinine clearance were also determined. Based on the findings for the kidney enzymes AAP, GGT and NAG, renal tolerance was good. This was confirmed by creatinine clearance and serum beta 2-microglobulin values. Ofloxacin showed no nephrotoxic potential in this study.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1983

Enzymuria of the rat: the preparation of urine for enzyme analysis.

The effects of sample preparations by dialysis and gel filtration on the catalytic concentrations of alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase are described. Individual urines were collected during 24 hours on 3 consecutive days from 10 male rats. Gel filtration (Sephadex G25) was more effective than dialysis against water in the removal of inhibitors of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase. For alanine aminopeptidase, slightly higher results were obtained by dialysis. Inhibitor contents varied from day to day. Activity decreases of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were found in some of the urine samples and interpreted as removal of activators. Gel filtration is recommended for the preparation of rat urine for the measurement of these three enzymes. The slightly inferior effect of gel filtration on alanine aminopeptidase should be disregarded for the sake of practicality.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1982

Tobramycin nephrotoxicity: failure of cefotaxime to potentiate renal toxicity.

The aim of our prospective clinical study was to determine whether the combination of tobramycin plus cefotaxime is more nephrotoxic than tobramycin alone. The studies were carried out in 30 patients with serious infections and normal renal function. Groups of ten patients each received either 2 g cefotaxime or 1 mg/kg body weight tobramycin or cefotaxime and tobramycin in the same dosage every eight hours intravenously for at least seven days. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) excretion in 24-hour urine were determined before, during and five days after the antibiotics had been discontinued. These were used as parameters for glomerulotubular injury. The plasma levels of tobramycin and cefotaxime (assayed by agar diffusion) did not differ when the drugs were given alone or in combination. None of the patients treated with cefotaxime alone showed any signs of renal damage. In contrast, tobramycin alone or in combination with cefotaxime caused an increase in urinary enzymes in all patients. This activity was a mean five to six times greater than the initial values prior to antibiotic therapy. There were no significant differences between the AAP increase during treatment with tobramycin and tobramycin plus cefotaxime. Four to five days after discontinuing antibiotic therapy, AAP activity decreased to values similar to those measured prior to therapy. In some of the patients receiving tobramycin alone or in combination with cefotaxime, increased creatinine levels, a reduction in creatinine clearance to 60 ml/min and an increase in renal enzyme excretion could be observed. Thus, treatment with high doses of cefotaxime does not seem to increase tobramycin nephrotoxicity in patients with normal renal function. The nephrotoxicity of this drug combination is obviously due to the aminoglycoside.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Exercise induced changes of catecholamines and potassium in plasma of dogs after treatment with propranolol.

Previous studies in man have shown that during beta-adrenoceptor blockade physical exercise caused a significantly greater elevation of plasma catecholamines than without blockade. After blockade of beta-adrenoceptors, increased levels of circulating catecholamines should have an unopposed effect on adrenergic alpha-receptors. In order to elucidate such an effect, experiments were performed with 7 trained dogs before and after acute beta-adrenoceptor blockade (0.1 mg/kg (-)-propranolol i. v.). Exercise was performed on a conveyor (10 min, 10 km/h, slope 10%). Besides catecholamine concentrations in plasma, as an index of alpha-receptor-stimulation potassium concentrations in plasma were determined. Immediately after exercise, plasma noradrenaline was increased from 310 to 579 pg/ml, plasma adrenaline from 136 to 222 pg/ml and plasma potassium from 4.23 to 4.6 mmol/l. After beta-adrenoceptor blockade exercise caused a significantly higher increase in plasma noradrenaline from 352 to 755 pg/ml and plasma adrenaline from 172 to 260 pg/ml. Also plasma potassium concentrations were significantly elevated from 4.03 to 5.05 mmol/l. The results indicate an enhanced reflex activation of sympatho-neuronal and sympatho-adrenal mechanisms during exercise after beta-adrenoceptor blockade; the increased concentrations of noradrenaline at the adrenoceptors might reduce the efficiency of beta-blockade. Concomitantly, increased stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors is elicited, which becomes obvious by an increase of potassium concentration in plasma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal tolerance of cefpirome (HR 810), a new cephalosporin antibiotic.

An open study was carried out in ten healthy, male volunteers in order to investigate the renal tolerance of cefpirome (HR 810), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. Subjects received a single dose of 1.0 g of cefpirome and then repeated doses of 1.0 g of cefpirome twice daily for five days. Urine was collected in several fractions during the study and the urine excretion, excretions of creatinine, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase were calculated in 12-hour fractions. Serum creatinine (using an enzymatic method), beta 2-microglobulin concentrations and creatinine clearance were also determined. Based on the findings of these renal enzymes, renal tolerance was good. This was also confirmed by creatinine clearance calculations and follow-up of serum beta 2-microglobulin levels. Cefpirome showed good renal tolerance without any signs of nephrotoxicity in this study with the methods used.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗