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Biomedical subjects

H Grayson

Publications and source records attributed to H Grayson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reduced incidence of rectal cancer, compared to gastric and colonic cancer, in a population of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed.

The incidence of gastric, colonic, and rectal cancers was determined in a cohort of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed after heart or renal transplantation, to test the hypothesis that there would be a reduced incidence of gastric cancer by dampening chronic gastritis secondary to infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Follow-up was from 1-13 years. No change in the incidence of gastric cancer was found (32 cases observed, 32.86 expected). An increase in colon cancer was found (75 cases observed, 62.27 expected). A significant reduction in the incidence of rectal cancer was found (15 cases observed, 41.5 expected). This led to a chi2 of 16.92 with 1 degree of freedom, significant at the 0.1% level. The effect was greater in men than women and more marked in heart recipients than in those receiving renal transplants. This unexpected finding led to a review of experiments in mice and rats that present evidence for immune promotion of large-bowel cancers induced by carcinogens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We conclude that an analysis of immune function in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach, colon, and rectum in healthy and immunosuppressed patients may lead to a better understanding of immunosurveillance in the colon and immune promotion of rectal cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Incidence of de-novo breast cancer in women chronically immunosuppressed after organ transplantation.

In mice, retrovirus-associated breast cancers are promoted by immune mechanisms, and immunosuppression during the premalignant phase reduces the incidence of breast cancer and prolongs life. If some women likewise have immune promotion of breast cancer, the incidence of breast cancer in patients receiving therapeutic immunosuppression should be lower than that in a comparable cohort of non-immunosuppressed women. We examined the incidence of de-novo breast cancer arising in women receiving immunosuppressive therapy after kidney or heart transplantation, comparing the figures with published rates. In 25,914 immunosuppressed women followed for 1-11 years there were 86 cases of breast cancer compared with 113.8 expected (p = 0.009). Incidence was particularly low in the first transplant year with relative risk 0.49, rising to 0.84 in subsequent years. For all other major cancers the incidence was higher in the immunosuppressed women. If, as in mice, the reduced incidence of breast cancer is a direct effect of immunosuppression, these observations raise the possibility of therapeutic manipulation of specific immune mechanisms that promote tumour growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Goods handling: tugs, trailers and tractors.

Ease of handling ought to be a priority in any supply and disposal system. Hazel Grayson, senior research officer at the Medical Architecture Research Unit, Polytechnic of North London, suggests that even where driver-operated electric tow tractors cannot be used, other types of electric pulling device should be considered.

Equipment and Supplies, Hospital↗
PubMed1980

Supplies and services: little fish and large pools.

Centralisation of stores and services does not always work smoothly in the NHS and, even when it does, can we be sure that the expected cost advantages will be reaped? Hazel Grayson, senior research officer at the Medical Architecture Research Unit, Polytechnic of North London, discusses some of the questions raised in research carried out by the unit.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMed1980

Dawson Report: more and smaller theme.

It is possible to consider many of the health centres opened in the last 10 years as 'illness centres' rather than 'health centres'. But Hazel Grayson, research officer, and Dr Raymond Moss, director of the Medical Architecture Research Unit at the Polytechnic of North London, argue that it is where a health centre is, rather than what it is, that determines its success.

Community Health Centers↗