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Biomedical subjects

H Guski

Publications and source records attributed to H Guski.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Significance of interdisciplinary cooperation in surgical therapy of noninvasive breast carcinoma].

Non-invasive mammary carcinoma can be surgically treated with preservation of the breast even without adjuvant radiotherapy, if all necessary conditions are provided, such as accurate indication, absence of multicentricity, no involvement of mamillae except of Paget's disease, tumour diameter not more than 20 mm as well as efficient and systematic performance of intraoperative diagnostic histology. An analysis of the author's own surgical findings revealed multicentricity in 16% of all cases of intraductal carcinoma. Breast-preserving operations could be performed on 63% of the patients. Local recurrences were recorded from 13% of all cases reviewed. The rate of breast-preserving operations with lowest possible rate of recurrence, by all accounts of experience, can be enhanced only by close interdisciplinary cooperation among radiologists, surgeons, and pathologists.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Frequency distribution, microscopic image analysis and grading of mammary carcinoma].

The frequency of diagnoses of breast diseases in 1685 patients was examined on the basis of biopsy material at the Institute of Pathology of Charité Hospital in Berlin, during 1984-1987, with particular consideration of histological types of mammary carcinomas. Breast cancer was detected in 562 patients of whom 429 had undergone operations according to standardized recommendations by the Charité Department of Surgery. Histological tumor classification, postoperative staging and, in cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, also histological grading were part of the pathologico-anatomic investigation. Reproducibility of grading was 72.7% for intra-observer examination and 63.3% for evaluation by different pathologists. A group of 20 premenopausal patients with tumors staged as pT1, pN0 was selected for morphometric studies and objectivation of tumor grading. HE-stained paraffin sections were made for conventional grading according to Bloom and Richardson (1957), whereas Feulgen reaction in 4 microns thick sections was used for quantitative examination by means of a microscopic image analysis system (Robotron A6471 with AMBA/R software). The measuring program used was based mainly on evaluation of karyometric features. Measurements were concentrated on analysis of the chromatin structure of tumor cell nuclei. Correlations with histological grading were found to exist for 16 features out of 28 parameters selected for statistical analysis. Some new parameters of the texture of tumor cells nuclei were demonstrated to be strongly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation. The prognostic significance of nuclear texture features has to be proved by further studies in which clinical data of the course of the tumor disease must be included.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Atherosclerosis in diabetes and hypertension. A comparative morphometric study of their progression using an atherometric system.

The three major epicardial coronary arteries of a set of 472 autopsy cases divided into four groups: a) non-diabetics and non-hypertensive, 322 subjects; b) hypertensive, 75 subjects; c) diabetics, 57 subjects and d) hypertensive and diabetic, 17 subjects, were studied. Classical pathomorphological procedures and an atherometric system (AS), suitable to characterize the atherosclerotic lesions, was used searching for differences between the level of atherosclerosis into these four groups and its eventual progression according to the time of evolution of these diseases. Raw data processing was full automated and some univariate and multivariate statistical procedures (means, standard deviations, ANOVA, MANOVA and principal components analysis) were performed using two commercial statistical packages: "NCSS" and "SYSTAT". The most remarkable findings were the following: Diabetes and hypertension have both strong impact upon the rate at which the atherosclerotic process takes place in subjects affected by these diseases. The time of evolution of both diseases correlates positively and independently of age with the velocity of the atherosclerotic process at the three coronary arteries. The impact of diabetes seems to be stronger and is particularly expressed by the severe plaques (Z) while the effect of hypertension is specially observable at the fibrous plaques (Y). There seems to be no significant interaction (synergism) between the two risk factors upon the measurement of the atherosclerotic lesions, that is, they have an additive effect. Two simple underlying factors can be used to account for interindividual differences. These two factors are "dominated", respectively, by fibrous (Y) and severe plaques (Z).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Atherosclerotic lesion of the circle of Willis: its study applying an atherometric system using multivariate statistical techniques.

In 2043 autopsies divided into the high (HAG) and low (LAG) atherosclerosis group a set of variables of a new atherometric system (AS) was used to characterize the atherosclerotic lesion (AL) in the circle of Willis arteries: fatty streaks (X), fibrous plaques (Y), severe plaques (Z), index of stenosis (P) and index of benignity (B). Principal component analysis identified a first component of severity (Y, P and Z) and a second component of benignity (X and B). Fibrous plaques play the main role in the severity of AL in the circle of Willis. The new AS proved its usefulness in characterizing the state of AL, whereas discriminant analysis and AS distinguished between the HAG and the LAG. The classification was correct in 74.5% and 76.5% when using three (X, Y, Z) and five (X, Y, Z, P, B) variables, respectively.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1990

[Histotopographic and morphometric studies of the intramural coronary arteries in the trabecula septomarginalis of swine and pigmy goats].

Up to six arteries traverse from the interventricular septum to the M. papillaris magnus in the trabecula septomarginalis (moderator band) of swine and pygmy goat. Musculo-elastic intimal thickenings, many of them quite extensive, are recordable from along the entire length of all these intramural coronary arteries which are between 50 microns and 300 microns in diameter. The conclusion may be drawn from the results of morphometric analysis that coronary arteries undergo enlargement in response to increased intimal thickening and that such enlargement does not lead to narrowing of the lumen. Peculiarities in wall structure of the arteries in the trabecula septomarginalis are interpreted as adaptive processes of the vascular wall to the extraordinary stress on those vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Lumpectomy with axillary lymph node excision and subsequent irradiation of the small breast cancer].

The technique of lumpectomy with axillary lymphonodectomy and postoperative irradiation is discussed in this paper and is compared to quadrantectomy or bilaterally restricted subcutaneous mastectomy in cases of small-size mammary carcinoma. A critical appraisal is made of the authors' own concept of indication, with reference being also made to the problem of the non-invasive form.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Automated microscopic image analysis and the prognosis of preneoplasms and carcinomas of the mammary gland].

Studies of preneoplasias and carcinomas of the mammary gland have been conducted by means of automated microscopic image analysis, on the basis of previous results as well as with references to the international literature, for 2 purposes: 1. Determination in the context of a clinical follow-up study of the individual carcinoma risk for patients with proliferative fibrocystic breast disease (mastopathy) and 2. Preparation of an objective automated grading of ductal breast carcinomas for better assessment of prognosis. Against the background of the assumption that the majority of carcinomas and precancerous lesions of the breast originate from the terminal ductal lobular unit, an effort is made to determine, independent severity of the mastopathy, the biological valence of solid, cribriform, and papillary ductal epithelial proliferations (no, possible or inevitable preneoplasia). Proliferation patterns without and with atypical features are checked for their similarity with intraductal and invasive carcinomas (similarity principle) and are additionally examined for differences, depending on localization and distance from tumour (topological principle). Automated histological tumour grading is to distinguish with greater subtlety within the large heterogeneous group of moderately differentiated carcinomas and is to objectify and thus facilitate the difficult task of delimitation of moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Nuclear grading will be the major basis for classification along these lines. Objectified and reproducible tumour grading is believed to be extremely helpful in better prognostication of breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

The PARTICLE expert system for tumor grading by automated image analysis.

While automated microscopic image analysis of histologic sections has been helpful in objectivizing histologic tumor grading and investigating the relationships between grading and prognosis, expert systems have the potential of linking image analysis and other data for statistical analysis and application to a wider range of tumors. One such expert system is PARTICLE, whose development was based on many years of experience in resolving histologic problems by image analysis. This paper discusses the philosophy of expert system for tumor grading and describes its implementation in the PARTICLE system. The system's structure, operations and applications are briefly presented. PARTICLE is essentially based on the evaluation of karyometric data.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of conventional morphometry and image analysis for the solution of histomorphometric problems.

The main differences between conventional morphometry and image analysis for their application in histopathology are pointed out. Conventional morphometry allows the use of contextural informations and a priori knowledge in a convenient manner. This is the most complicated thing in image analysis. The solution of this problem lies on the field of artificial intelligence. On the other hand, image analysis is able to measure densitometrical and textural features, to determine arbitrary quantiles and moments of feature distributions, to match scenes. Therefore the descriptive power of image analysis is much higher than the power of conventional morphometry.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Coronary atherosclerosis in sudden death: a comparative study applying an atherometric system.

Coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis and its myocardial related damage in cardiac and non-cardiac sudden death subjects (152 and 98, respectively) including a low atherosclerosis group (250 subjects) were studied in autopsy material applying a new well standardized atherometric system. A high statistical significance of all variables of this system was found between the groups studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Expert system for pathologists to generate an image analysis program for tumor grading.

The pathologist is usually not an expert in engineering or image analysis. We have, therefore, developed an expert system, entitled PARTICLE, to help pathologists producing image analysis programs by which to tackle problems in histological pathology, including tumor grading. The PARTICLE expert system is based on karyometric data, using the AMBA/R dialogue and programming system.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1988

Coronary atherosclerotic lesion: its characterization applying an atherometric system, using discriminant analysis.

A given set of autopsies (total 2043) divided into high and low atherosclerosis groups (HAG, LAG) according to the primary cause of death 1171 and 872 cases, respectively, was studied by an atherometric system. The variables of this system characterize the pathomorphological changes, i.e. fatty streaks (X), fibrous plaques (Y) and severe (complicated and calcified) plaques (Z) of atherosclerosis. In the present study were also included two indices, stenosis (P) and benignity (B), applicable for estimation of the severity of the process. In order to verify the discrimination between the HAG and LAG groups the utility of the classification should be demonstrated. The three main branches of the coronary arteries, right (RC), left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LC), were examined. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the different vascular changes were made by means of a digitizer coupled to a personal computer NEC 9801 (Japan). The data were processed in a computer EC-1040 (GDR). The multivariate statistical techniques, including discriminant analysis were used applying the "SPSS" commercial statistical package programme. The atherometric system proved to be useful to distinguish between HAG and LAG. Correct classification was in all cases greater than 70% except for LC (68%). The three variables X, Y and Z were capable to separate the groups. The stenosis and benignity indices proved to be the most effective for discrimination. The sign of benignity index discriminating function is always the same of the LAG. This variable is indeed one to indicate benignity. The coherence and consistency of the atherometric system developed was proved by discriminant analysis.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed1988

Automated histometry in fibrocystic breast disease.

Ductal epithelial proliferations of the mammary gland in biopsy material from 101 patients, including 52 with proliferative fibrocystic disease (mastopathy), were quantitatively analyzed by means of the Robotron A 6471 system together with AMBA/R software. Based on reproducible data obtained for distinct karyometric and histometric features, significant differences were found to exist between epithelial proliferations without atypical hyperplasia (mastopathy II) and those with atypia (mastopathy III). The multiparameter analysis also produced some hints that cases of proliferative mastopathy III can be divided into two groups having different risks of developing carcinoma.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1987

Atherosclerotic lesion of the aorta: its study applying a biometric system using multivariate statistical techniques.

UNLABELLED: To study the atherosclerotic lesion (a.l.) in the two aorta segments (thoracic and abdominal) in a given set of autopsies (total 2043) performed during five years (1981-85) in one of the principal general hospitals in the city of Havana, a set of five variables was used as part of a new biometric system (BS), to characterize the a.l. in any vascular sector. Three of these variables represent the main types of a.l., fatty streaks (X), fibrous plaques (Y) and severe (complicated and calcified) plaques (Z), while the others were indices of stenosis (P) and benignity (B). Classical dissection and pathological laboratory procedures were performed. Qualitative and quantitative gross morphometric analyses were done by a digitilizer joined to a NEC (9801) personal microcomputer (Japan). These data were processed in a medium size computer EC-1040 (GDR). The multivariate statistical techniques, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the discriminant analysis (DA), were used applying the "SPSS" programme. CONCLUSIONS: (1) PCA revealed in the two aorta segments studied a first component of benignity, fatty streaks (X) and benignity index (B) and a second component of severity, severe plaques (Z) and stenosis number (P). Because of the dimensions of the two aorta segments (width and length) the dominant, first component, is benignity. So the BS is useful in characterizing and describing the lesional state of any aorta segments; (2) DA and BS proved to be useful to distinguish between the high atherosclerotic group (HAG) and the low atherosclerotic group (LAG). The correct classification rate exceed in all cases 70%. The three components of the lesional state vector (X,Y,Z) distinguish the groups. The stenosis (P) and benignity (B) indices proved to be most relevant. The sign of benignity index is always the same as that of the LAG. Thus this variable truly represents benignity. The coherence and consistency of the BS was also proved by DA.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1987

The lesional state vector: a new approach to characterize atherosclerotic lesions.

A new approach to study the atherosclerotic lesions (AL) applying a vectorial system is presented. The "lesional state vector" (LSV) is formed by using as vectors the three main types of AL, e.g. fatty streak, fibrous plaque and severe plaque (complicated and calcified considered together) as the coordinates. This vectorial representation is part of a biometric system described in 1982 by Carlevaro and Fernández-Britto, to characterize the AL in any vascular sector or group of patients. The LSV is a suitable tool to study the AL since it conserves all the information available as primary data and it is extremely useful for comparative studies applying different statistical techniques, including multivariate approaches. To demonstrate its advantage, we studied the coronary vessels (right, left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries), the cerebral arteries (circle of Willis) and the aorta (thoracic and abdominal segments) in 2,043 autopsies performed during 5 years (1981-1985). The patients were classified according to the primary cause of death, as high atherosclerotic (HAG) or low atherosclerotic groups (LAG), comprising 1,171 and 872 cases, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative gross analysis were done by a digitizer joined to a personal computer (NEC 9801, Japan). These data were processed on computer ES 1040, GDR. The statistical techniques applied (including the multivariate analysis) were those available in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Applying the LSV to the arteries studied it was found that in the coronary arteries and in the circle of Willis, the severe plaque and the fibrous plaque played the most important roles, respectively. Graphic representation can make differentiation between HAG and LAG easy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1987

[Intraductal juvenile papillomatosis of the breast].

Papilloma of the female breast is rare before and during puberty. Hence, positive findings recorded from a girl, eleven years of age, encouraged the authors to make these comments on pathogenesis, operability, and prognosis of epithelial proliferations in juvenile patients. Reference is also made to the need for delimitation of this pathological complex from other papillary tumours of the mammary gland.

Breast↗
PubMed1986

[Morphometric analysis of fibrocystic breast disease].

We used the automated microscopic image analysis (system "Robotron A 6471"; software AMBA/R) to study the ductal epithelium in biopsies from 88 patients with fibrocystic breast disease, including 52 with proliferative mastopathy. Significant differences were demonstrated using reproducible data and selective caryo- and histometric parameters which allowed the separation of ductal hyperplasia and ductal cell proliferation with atypia. In addition, multiparameter analysis indicated that cases with proliferative mastopathy III can be separated into two groups which have probably a different high risk with respect to carcinoma.

Adult↗