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Biomedical subjects

H H Chauncey

Publications and source records attributed to H H Chauncey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Examiner reliability in dental radiography.

In long-term investigations involving a large number of study participants, it is frequently necessary to employ the use of multiple examiners who must exhibit high levels of inter- and intra-examiner reliability in order to minimize examiner bias, which can distort scientific findings. This report on the calibration of four examiners in a large project investigating the efficacy of dental radiography shows high levels of examiner reliability using various statistical measures of agreement. Levels of intra-examiner agreement using Cohen's Kappa index were 0.75 and higher at baseline, and remained at approximately the same level (0.80) throughout the 24-month period of the study. The Kappa index of inter-examiner agreement among the six pairings of the four examiners ranged from 0.68 to 0.80 for caries and 0.72 and 0.83 for periodontal disease. Values of four statistical measures of agreement (proportional agreement, Kendall's rank correlation, Cohen's Kappa index, and Cohen's weighted Kappa index) were determined to show the importance of using measures, such as the Kappa index, which take chance agreement into account.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Plaque reduction unaccompanied by gingivitis reduction.

The effects of brushing with three different dentifrices on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation were studied in 83 subjects. The Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index and a modified Löe-Silness gingivitis index were employed. Index scores were obtained in a randomized, double-blind study design, at 0 (baseline), 3-, 6-, and 9-week intervals. ANOVA analyses of results showed no significant differences between any of the three dentifrices used with respect to observed effects. Of interest, however, was the observation that with all three dentifrices reductions in plaque accumulations occurred, at 1% and 5% significance levels, without a corresponding commensurate improvement in the inflammatory status of the associated gingivae (using paired sample t-test analyses). The above results and relevant literature are discussed in support of the thesis that at times, for reasons as yet inexplicable, plaque and gingival inflammation may not be causally related in the manner so commonly observed.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1984

Masticatory performance and food acceptability in persons with removable partial dentures, full dentures and intact natural dentition.

This investigation indicated that measurable declines in masticatory function due to missing teeth, with and without prosthetic replacements, alter perceptual estimates of food acceptability. Using 1,133 male participants from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study, individuals were classified into nine dentition categories to evaluate the effect of impaired masticatory ability. The data demonstrated that when limited declines in perceived masticatory function occur, perceptual estimates of Taste Acceptability, Texture Acceptability, and Ingestion Frequency for the 13 test foods utilized are not significantly modified. In contrast, when more severe dentition losses occur, the rheological properties of each food determine the degree to which these perceptual measures, especially Perceived Ease of Chewing, will be altered. Although restorative therapy can lead to concomitant improvements in masticatory function, low perceptual responses may still be observed. These appear to be largely a function of the physical attributes of the foods ingested.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effect of the loss of teeth on diet and nutrition.

Human food selection is dependent on a complex interaction of biological, environmental, cultural and behavioural influences. Numerous studies have provided evidence that food choice is guided neither by physiologic need nor item availability. The widespread prevalence of tooth loss seen in the elderly and the impact of impaired masticatory ability on food selection patterns is often overlooked. Available information suggests that declining masticatory function is, in a large part, responsible for the elderly consuming predominantly soft, easy to chew foods, which, in turn, can induce poor dietary practices and marginal nutritional intakes. It appears that with appreciable tooth loss there is a related decline in masticatory function; significant alterations also take place in certain perceptual and sensory measures. Generally, these perceptual changes reflect alterations in taste and texture preferences; phenomena which persist even after appropriate restorative dental therapy for missing teeth, with either removable partial or complete dentures. It has long been known that full denture wearers experience a reduction in flavour perception after the insertion of their prostheses. In the elderly the generalized decrease in ability to enjoy food has, in part, been attributed to flavour disturbances associated with their dentures. Whether the sensory loss is, to a large degree, due to the prostheses, or primarily reflects age-associated changes in the gustatory and olfactory receptors, is still being explored. The information presented suggests that persons with impaired dentitions , both with and without a dental prosthesis, may impose upon themselves certain dietary restrictions which, in time, can compromise their nutritional status and ultimately place them at health risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Impact of complete dentures and impaired natural dentition on masticatory performance and food choice in healthy aging men.

Shifts in food selection patterns result from impairments in masticatory ability, and the extent to which any dietary alterations occur appears to be influenced by the degree of impairment. Moreover, these shifts can be modified by a variety of physiologic, social, economic, and psychologic factors. The preference for softer, easier-to-chew foods in persons with complete dentures requires that the foods selected meet daily nutritional requirements. In view of the large proportion of individuals in the United States with complete dentures, an understanding of how these multiple factors affect the nutritional status of edentulous elderly persons may lead to more rational dietary approaches to the maintenance of health.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the reduction of human alveolar bone loss.

Aspirin (ASA) and indomethacin are inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and reduce bone resorption in tissue culture stimulated by preparations obtained from human gingival tissue. In a retrospective study, we attempted to determine whether ASA or ASA plus indomethacin exert a bone resorption inhibiting effect on human alveolar bone. Dental radiographs of 75 patients with a history of arthritis and long-term ingestion (greater than 5 years) of ASA were compared with dental radiographs of 75 healthy male volunteers from the VA Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS). Proximal bone loss was measured using a Schei Ruler graded on a 10-point scale. The data indicated that the ASA population presented with significantly fewer sites of 10% or greater mesial and distal bone loss than the healthy control population (P less than 0.05). Mean percentage bone loss for the entire dentition was also lower in the ASA group, although the difference was not statistically significant. As there is no evidence to suggest that inhibition of alveolar bone loss is a natural concomitant of the arthritic process, we conclude that the inhibition of bone loss found in this study was due to the chronic ingestion of ASA or ASA and indomethacin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oral aspects of aging.

The physician who is aware of oral problems can play an essential role in providing comprehensive care for the elderly. The average person 65 years or older visits the physician at least six times a year, but is seen by the dentist about once a year. Because of more frequent contact, the physician has a greater opportunity to identify important dental problems of the geriatric patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Influence of cigarette, pipe, and cigar smoking, removable partial dentures, and age on oral leukoplakia.

Oral leukoplakia, a potentially malignant lesion, has been associated with tobacco smoking, but few studies have investigated the influence of different products on lesion prevalence. In the current study 925 healthy male subjects from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study were examined for lesion site and prevalence. The participants were grouped according to smoking status: nonsmokers, smokers of cigarettes, cigars, a pipe, cigars plus a pipe, or cigarettes plus another tobacco product. In addition, the amount of product smoked, presence of a removable partial denture, and age were examined to determine their relation to leukoplakia prevalence. The data indicated that cigar smokers had significantly fewer lesions than the other smoker groups and that persons smoking a pipe or a pipe plus cigars had the highest prevalence. Heavy cigarette smokers had significantly more palatal lesions than light to moderate cigarette smokers. While removable partial dentures did not appear to affect lesion prevalence significantly, older smokers, persons of 50 years and above, had a significantly higher prevalence than persons less than 50 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of age and dentition status on measures of food acceptability.

The current cross-sectional investigation was undertaken to determine whether observed losses in masticatory function due to missing teeth impair perceptual estimates of food acceptability. To quantify the effect of impaired masticatory ability, 566 male participants from the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study were subdivided into three age groups (less than 40 years, 40 to 49 years, and 50 or more years) and three dentition categories (intact, partially compromised, and compromised). Bivariate analysis revealed that dentition status significantly influenced the acceptance modalities of taste, texture, perceived ease of chewing, and frequency of ingestion. Age, per se, had little effect. Significant changes in the acceptance variables were noted only in persons with compromised dentition. These findings suggested that a moderate degree of unreplaced tooth loss had no significant effect on perceptual estimates of food acceptability, and unilateral intact dentition can provide sufficient masticatory performance for maintaining food acceptance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A cephalometric study of mandibular cortical bone thickness in dentulous persons and denture wearers.

Cephalometric measurements of the cortical thickness of the inferior mandibular border and the inferior aspect of the mandibular symphysis were compared in two groups of subjects, one with complete dentition and the other wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Although the cortical thickness of the inferior mandibular border increased slightly with age in both dentition groups, the cortical thickness was significantly less in denture groups than in their respective dentition groups. The opposite was true with the cortical thickness of the inferior aspect of the mandibular symphysis; a decrease in thickness was noted with age, and a slight increase in thickness was noted with edentulousness. The results suggest that bone remodeling can be expected at sites distant from the residual ridge in denture wearers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relationship of parotid saliva flow rate and composition with personality traits in healthy men.

A number of studies have investigated the relationship between parotid saliva flow rate and clinical depression. However, no comprehensive study of the intercorrelations between parotid gland secretion and normal personality traits has been reported. The stimulated flow rate, pH, osmolality, and eleven composition variables were measured in 390 normal men and correlated against eight personality dimensions derived from scores obtained from the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor questionnaire (16PF) and a modified form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Flow rate, pH, osmolality, and eight of the eleven salivary components were significantly correlated with four personality traits: anxiety, conscientiousness, shrewsness, and introversion. The relationship of personality traits to the parotid gland flow rate and saliva composition is discussed in terms of both physiologic models and the possible mediating effect by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Aging and mastication: changes in performance and in the swallowing threshold with natural dentition.

Few comprehensive studies of oral function have been conducted on adult populations. A "Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study of Oral Health in Healthy Veterans" was activated at the VA Outpatient Clinic in Boston in 1969; it included general oral and dental examinations as well as tests of masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold. The current investigation involved 863 subjects from the "Dental Study" who had either their natural teeth or a fixed replacement for missing teeth. Masticatory performance as measured by the subject's ability to reduce a test portion of cut carrot by a mandatory number of chewing stroked remained constant for persons with complete or partially compromised natural dentition. Swallowing threshold performance as measured by the particle size acceptable for swallowing remained constant for persons with complete dentition. Tooth loss significantly decreased the swallowing threshold performance and increased the particle size which the subject was willing to swallow. Older subjects increased the number of chewing strokes and the time required for this test, an observation not related to performance as measured by final particle size. Only with compromised dentition, however, did this increased effort result in increased performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of age and removable partial dentures on gingivitis and periodontal disease.

The periodontal disease variables manifested in the individuals with partial dentures were more severe, which suggests that the contribution of denture status is significant. Age, while related to increased bone loss, did not appear to be of significance. Common sense suggests that poor oral hygiene in persons wearing removable partial dentures also is a contributing factor.

Adult↗