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Biomedical subjects

H H Draper

Publications and source records attributed to H H Draper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

A comparative study of vitamin D binding globulins in milk.

1. The occurrence of 25-hydroxy vitamin D binding protein in human, bovine, monkey and porcine milk was investigated. 2. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation revealed the presence of 4.2 S and 5.7 S binding globulins in the whey of human, monkey and porcine milk. 3. Although bovine plasma also contains a 4.2 S globulin only a 5.7 S protein was found in bovine milk. 4. The 4.2 S and 5.7 S globulins in milk could not be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by isoelectric focusing. 5. Plasma and whey binding proteins of any one species had the same isoelectric point but there were small differences among species (4.5-4.8). 6. Competitive displacement studies showed that the binding proteins in milk have high affinity for 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A binding assay for 25-hydroxycalciferols and 24R,25-dihydroxycalciferols using bovine plasma globulin.

The concentrations of the 25-hydroxy and 24R, 25-dihydroxy derivatives of vitamin D were determined in 100 microliter l plasma samples using calciferol binding globulin from bovine plasma. Sufficient quantities of 24R, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D were found in bovine, porcine, chicken and human plasma to interfere in the assay of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in unfractionated extracts. No metabolites of vitamin D could be found in rainbow trout plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Physiological responses of human adults to foods containing phosphate additives.

An experiment was conducted to assess the physiological effects of a diet rich in foods cotaining phosphate additives. During a 4-week control period, eight adults were fed a balanced diet free of phosphate additives providing approximately 95 g protein 0.7 g Ca and 1.0 g P per day. During a subsequent 4-week period, food items containing phosphate additives were substituted for counterpart items devoid of added phosphates. This diet contained 0.7 g Ca and 2.1 g P per day. The introduction of foods containing phosphate additives was associated with intestinal distress, soft stools or mild diarrhea. These symptoms subsided in six subjects but occurred intermittently throughout the experimental period in the other two subjects. The high-phosphorus diet induced increases in serum phosphorus and urinary phosphorus and decreases in serum calcium and urinary calcium. Hydroxyproline excretion in the urine was increased and cyclic AMP excretion was elevated in six of the eight subjects. These changes are analogous to those seen in experimental animals fed high-phosphorus diets which were shown to be due to enhanced parathyroid activity (secondary hyperparathyroidism). The use of phosphate food additives is discussed with respect to their possible stimulating effect on adult bone resorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Influence of dietary peroxides, selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase of the gastrointestinal tract.

The influence of dietary peroxides, vitamin E and selenium on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat was investigated. Feeding 7% oxidized stripped corn oid (peroxide value 1,000) in a diet adequate in selenium and vitamin E increased the specific activity of GSH-Px in the stomach mucosa. Feeding oxidized oil produced an increase in the wet weight of the intestinal mucosa which was associated with a decrease in the specific activity of the enzyme. Total GSH-Px activity in the intestinal mucosa was unchanged or moderately increased. These changes were unaffected by the presence of vitamin E in the diet. Dietary peroxides had no effect on GSH-Px activity in the plasma or in the perirenal and paraepididymal adipose tissues. Subacute vitamin E deficiency had no consistent effect on the activity of the enzyme in several tissues examined. In rats fed a Se deficient diet glutathione peroxidase activity decreased markedly in most tissues but only slightly in the intestinal mucosa. The moderate decrease in the intestine may be explained by the accessibility of residual dietary Se to the mucosal cells. The role of Se in the detoxification of peroxides in foods and the response of gastrointestinal GSH-Px to dietary peroxides are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

Glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione concentration in genetically dystrophic mice.

The present studies were conducted to determine whether inherited muscular dystrophy in the 129/ReJ-dy mouse was associated with differences in specific activity, substrate availability, or apparent Km of glutathione peroxidase. The results indicate that glutathione peroxidase is elevated in skeletal muscle of mice with genetic muscular dystrophy when the activity is expressed on a protein basis. This elevation precedes the development of severe paralysis since muscles from the fore legs showed increased enzyme activity as early as the more severely affected hind legs. There was no difference in glutathione peroxidase activity in tissues other than skeletal muscle. GSH concentration was elevated in muscle and normal in other tissues of dystrophic mice, showing that adequate substrate was available to the enzyme. The apparent Km for cumene hydroperoxide was also similar for muscle of normal and dystrophic mice. This report provides further evidence that mice with dystrophia muscularis have a functional glutathione peroxidase system in all tissues including skeletal muscle, and that a defect in this in vivo protective system is apparently not a contributing factor in the pathology of the disease.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Vitamin E status of Alaskan Eskimos.

A survey was conducted during 1971-1973 on the vitamin E status of Alaskan Eskomos. The subjects were 315 residents of the northern coastal villages of Wainwright and Point Hope and the southwestern inland villages of Kasigluk and Nunapitchuk. Plasma vitamin E levels for the 6- to 17-year-old subjects at Wainwright, Point Hope, and Nunapitchuk were 0.81 plus or minus 0.26, 0.90 plus or minus 0.20, and 0.84 plus or minus 0.25 mg/100 ml (mean and standard deviation), respectively. The values for adults at Wainwright, Point Hope, and Kasigluk were 1.23 plus or minus 0.27, 1.23 plus or minus 0.27, and 1.27 plus or minus 0.33 mg/100 ml, respectively. No value less than 0.30 mg/100 ml was observed. Alpha-tocopherol was the only isomer present in significant amounts. Plasma vitamin E levels did not change significantly between 6 and 17 years of age; however, a steady increase with age was observed in the 18- to 69-year-old groups. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower in children than in adults but there were no differences attributable to sex or geographic location. Vitamin E concentration in the blood plasma was linearly correlated with cholesterol concentration. Values are reported for the vitamin E content of some native foods. This study indicates that plasma vitamin E levels in Alaskan Eskimos consuming a high meat or fish diet are comparable to those in adults of the United States consuming a mixed diet.

Adolescent↗