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Biomedical subjects

H H Madsen

Publications and source records attributed to H H Madsen.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Diagnostic quality in hysterosalpingography. Comparison between iodixanol and iotrolan.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic quality and adverse events of the water-soluble, non-ionic, iso-osmolar, dimeric contrast media iodixanol and iotrolan in hysterosalpingography (HSG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients participated in a double-blind randomized parallel-group phase-III study. Questionnaires and patient interviews were used. Diagnostic quality was assessed using a visual analogue scale and the quality in specific regions was rated using a categorical scale. RESULTS: Overall diagnostic quality was equal for the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in diagnostic quality in the specific regions of interest. No differences between the contrast media were found with regard to adverse events. CONCLUSION: Both contrast media provided images of high diagnostic quality in HSG.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1995

[Intracranial distribution of iohexol and iotrolan after cervical myelography].

Twenty-eight consecutive patients undergoing cervical myelography were examined with either iohexol (14) or iotrolan (14). Just before the myelography a cranial CT was performed and control CT (3-5 slices) examinations were performed three, six, 24 and 48 hours afterwards. In all 28 patients CT showed intracranial contrast medium distribution after cervical myelography. The contrast medium distributed mainly in the subarachnoid space, first to the basal cisterns and the insular fissures, and to the 4th ventricle. The densities in the subarachnoid spaces were significantly higher after iotrolan than iohexol in the basal cisterns three and six hours after myelography, and in the 4th ventricle. The subcortical density was still increasing 48 hours after iotrolanmyelography while the subcortical density reached the maximum 24 hours after iohexolmyelography. Following cervical myelography the contrast media iohexol and iotrolan distribute intracranially and iotrolan seems to be eliminated more slowly than iohexol.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Intracranial iotrolan distribution following cervical myelography. Postmyelographic registration of adverse effects, psychometric assessment and electroencephalographic recording.

Following iotrolan cervical myelography 14 consecutive patients were evaluated with respect to intracranial contrast distribution and elimination, side effects, EEG-changes and psychometric assessments. The contrast medium is distributed in the subarachnoid space, in the ventricles and finally extracellularly in the cortex. Headache was the most prevalent side effect, occurring in half of the patients, 43% of "severe" grade. Eight patients showed mild nonspecific EEG-changes and all patients showed neuropsychologic disturbances.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment combined with total lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporin A in hamster-to-rat cardiac transplantation. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets and anti-donor xenoantibodies.

Combined treatment with total lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporin A results in prolonged graft survival in concordant xenogeneic cardiac transplantation, but reproducible long-term graft acceptance has proved to be difficult. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment has been successful in inhibiting heart graft rejection in allogeneic models. Used as monotherapy in a concordant xenogeneic model for pancreatic islet transplantation, prolonged graft survival has been reported; however, no beneficial effect on primarily vascularized heart grafts was noted. The object of this investigation was to combine these treatment strategies with respect to reproducible long-term hamster heart graft survival in rats, to monitor the effect on lymphocyte subpopulations, and to determine possible anti-donor antibody formation correlated to time of rejection. Graft survival after combined preoperative total lymphoid irradiation and postoperative cyclosporin A + anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment was prolonged from 14 to > 100 days (compared to spontaneous graft survival of three to four days), with long-term graft function in four of 19 recipients. Total white blood counts in the postoperative course were characterized by an unproportional increase of Ig+ cells and an incomplete recovery of CD4+ cells. Flow-cytometric analysis of anti-donor antibodies showed low levels of preformed antibodies and increasing amounts of strain-, but not donor-specific antibodies, correlated to the time of rejection. Long-term survivors with functioning grafts at the time of sacrifice had an initially moderate antibody increase with subsequent decrease to baseline levels. Our results indicate that total lymphoid irradiation combined with cyclosporin A and anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies can prolong graft survival significantly in concordant hamster-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Asymptomatic benign mediastinal teratoma].

A case of asymptomatic benign mediastinal teratoma is presented. The necessity for definite diagnosis of mediastinal tumours is stressed together with the need for conferences involving several specialties.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The reliability of serum potassium levels measured in blood from a central venous catheter].

A clinical investigation was undertaken to assess the agreement between serum potassium (S-K) (1) in the peripheral venous blood and S-K in ten samples of 2 ml blood taken via a central venous catheter (2) where fluid containing potassium had been infused prior to taking the blood-samples (3). The results revealed that in order that S-K in 95% (twice the SD) of the samples taken from the central venous catheter is to fall within +/- 0.5 mmol/l as compared with S-K in the peripheral blood, it is necessary to discard the first 12 ml of blood withdrawn.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1990

[Intrathecal distribution of iohexol after cervical myelography].

Cervical myelography was performed in fourteen patients under suspicion of cervical disc herniation. Prior to myelography, complete cranial-CT registration of the density in the subarachnoid space, intraventricularly, subcorticaly and periventriculary was performed. Control scans 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours following myelography disclosed intracranial contrast media at level of basal cistern, the fourth ventricle and Sylvian fissure. Nine and eleven patients, respectively, had enhancement in the third and lateral ventricles. All patients had subcortical enhancement and nine patients had periventricular enhancement. At the first three hours after cervical myelography minor subcortical and periventricular edema was disclosed, which resolved during the subsequent hours. Two days after myelography, minimal residual contrast was disclosed subcortically at the level at the Sylvian fissure and in the subarachnoid space at the level of the Sylvian fissure and the convexity. It is recommended, that diagnostic cranial-CT is performed before cervical myelography or at a minimum of three days after cervical myelography.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Treatment with total lymphoid irradiation, cyclosporin A and a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody in a hamster-to-rat heart transplantation model: graft survival and morphological analysis.

Treatment with preoperative total lymphoid irradiation and post-transplant cyclosporin A has been shown to have a synergistic effect on graft survival in allo- and xenotransplantation. Specific monoclonal antibodies against T cells and T cell subpopulations could offer new ways of preventing graft rejection in xenotransplantation. Graft survival and histology were examined after total lymphoid irradiation plus cyclosporin A treatment versus cyclosporin A plus a monoclonal antibody in a concordant, heterotopic, hamster-to-rat heart transplantation model. Preoperative total lymphoid irradiation was given at a dose of 1.25 Gy, 12 times over a period of 3 weeks. Cyclosporin A at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg per day was administered perorally and OX-19, a pan T cell monoclonal antibody, was given as intraperitoneal injections at doses of 100 micrograms or 500 micrograms/kg per day from day 0 until graft rejection. While total lymphoid irradiation alone prolonged graft survival to 9.4 days, total lymphoid irradiation plus cyclosporin A extended graft survival to a mean of 22 days. Cyclosporin alone or combined with the monoclonal antibody could not increase graft survival significantly when compared to untreated animals, which rejected their grafts within 3.7 days. Vascular rejection was the characteristic morphological finding, even after some weeks of excellent graft function. In conclusion, total lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporin A had a synergistic effect on graft survival in this concordant xenotransplantation model, although recent impressive results from other groups could not be reproduced. Total lymphoid irradiation combined with cyclosporin A appears to delay a primary humoral graft rejection, while the mechanism of rejection, judged by histology, stays the same.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Intracranial iohexol-distribution following cervical myelography, postmyelographic registration of adverse effects, psychometric assessment and electroencephalographic recording.

Cervical myelography (CM) was taken from 14 cases with cervical root-compression symptoms. Prior to myelography, there was complete cranial CT registration to assess the subarachnoid, intraventricular, subcortical and periventricular densities. Control scans at 3,6,24 and 48 h following myelography disclosed intracranial contrast medium at level of basal cisterns, the fourth ventricle and fissura Sylvii. Nine and 11 patients, respectively, had enhancement in the third and lateral ventricles. All patients had subcortical enhancement, and 9 patients had periventricular enhancement; at the 3-h control CT after myelography a minor subcortical edema was disclosed, which declined during the following hours. Two days after myelography, a minimal residual contrast was disclosed subcortically at the level of fissura Sylvii and in the subarachnoid space at the level of fissura Sylvii and the convexity. Hence, we recommend, that diagnostic cranial CT is performed before or postponed until 3 days after cervical myelography. The patients were questioned about adverse effects, and they underwent psychometric assessment and EEG-recordings: 11 had adverse effects, chiefly mild and exclusively transient, without sequelae. Three patients had no side effect. The psychometric assessment, however, disclosed pronounced deterioration in all patients at test 28 h after myelography, especially marked in the verbal paired associates test, however these disturbances were totally absent at retest one week later. No EEG-abnormalities developed; consistently, no patient had seizures. In conclusion, following CM iohexol is taken up by the brain parenchyma, gradually disappearing within 48 h, during which time a brain CT will be disturbed. During the same period some deterioration of psychometric tests may be found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Near-patient potassium and sodium measurements: evaluation of ion-selective electrodes (Ionometer EF2) in a dialysis department.

For potassium and sodium monitoring, an Ionometer EF2 was installed in our dialysis unit. The apparatus measured linearly, and between-series and within-series variations were comparable to flame photometry. No difference in performance was disclosed when operated by one or several persons. The 95% limits of agreement between Ionometer EF2 and flame photometry were for potassium -0.29 and 0.43 mmol/l and for sodium -5.0 and 2.89 mmol/l, respectively. Contrary to sodium, the accidental difference for potassium was greater than expected from analytical variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hope for successful xenografting by immunosuppression with monoclonal antibody against CD4, total lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporine. Six months' survival of hamster heart transplanted into rat.

Hamster hearts were transplanted to rats, and the effects of combinations of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A (CyA) and monoclonal antibodies (MAB) were investigated. Controls not immunosuppressed rejected their xenograft in 3 to 5 days, while combination immunosuppression including MABs against CD4 or IL-2-receptors extended graft survival significantly. In one case, the graft was still functioning 180 days after transplantation, which is the longest survival seen in this model. The use of specific MABs may open a new era for both xeno- and allo-transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Arachnoid cyst with complicating intracystic and subdural haemorrhage.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are usually non-symptomatic. Intracystic and subdural haematomas induced by even minor head injury may turn an asymptomatic AC into a symptomatic one, necessitating surgical treatment. We present a case of a previous asymptomatic AC, spontaneously complicated with subdural hygroma and development of intracystic and subdural haematoma. Clinical follow-up and control CT regime of patients with AC are recommended.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1987

Posterior transsphincteric rectotomy. Indications and safety.

This study intends to make the transsphincteric approach to the rectum more well known, mainly because of the increasing number of small carcinomas and adenomas being detected by endoscopy following screening for occult blood. Thirty patients had rectotomy from 1983 to 1987. Curative surgery was performed on 15, whereas adenomas were excised in 11. Other indications were palliative excision, rectovaginal fistula, and postsurgical bleeding. Two patients had had previous transversostomies and a covering colostomy was done in one. Complications included wound infection in four and rectal fistula in four. Transversostomy became necessary in three. All colostomies were closed later and the mortality was zero. All preserved anal continence for solid and fluid feces, whereas three suffered from flatulence during a follow-up period from one to 46 months. The approach allows surgery in the upper part of the lower third of the rectum and the midrectum with a low mortality and complication rate, and should be preferred over major surgery in selected patients.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood lead levels in patients with lead shot retained in the appendix.

Seven patients with one or two lead shots retained in the appendix were identified by radiography. For each case, two sex- and age-matched control patients without lead shot in the appendix were found. None of the 7 patients with lead shot in the appendix had blood lead levels (median 0.55 mumol/l) approaching the toxic levels, but they averaged almost twice the levels of the controls (median 0.29 mumol/l). Thus, lead shots may add to individual lead exposures, and blood lead analysis should be performed, at least when more than a few lead shots are present.

Appendix↗