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Biomedical subjects

H H Sambraus

Publications and source records attributed to H H Sambraus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Comparison of reproductive behavior of farm animals].

Male farm animals accept female conspecifics as partners for mating only when they have been imprinted on them. The mating behaviour of the male can be divided into three phases: a) looking for female conspecifics in heat; b) testing the readiness to be served; and c) serving. The male animal can accelerate the development of the heat characteristics by certain behaviour patterns, which cause an effect of pheromones. There is a relationship between duration of the coitus and the sexual potency in every species. Finally masturbation is discussed. Ethologically it is a typical vacuum activity.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1990

[The selection of sexual partners of different species by mammals].

It appears biologically sensible that every animal seeks its mating partner within its own species. Sexual contact with alien species may occur when animals are isolated from members of their own species, particularly, however, after they have been raised in the environment of alien species. Copulations of this nature do not, as a rule, result in offspring, although an entire series of bastards among closely related species is known. Among domestic animals bastardization is partly planned systematically as this has advantages in comparison to original forms. Sodomy, i.e. interspecific sexual contact between a human being and an animal, was already described in ancient times.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Remarkable domestic animal breeds in California].

In the United States, especially in California, there is a surprising variety of farm animal breeds. This multitude of different forms is a result of the history of this State. Some breeds came from other countries, others were developed from feral animals and yet others were created in this state by crossing and selective breeding. Several of these breeds soon attained a high level of performance and they were exported to many other countries. Others remained primitive landraces with special adaptation or had unusual morphological characteristics. There are some breeds that influenced the history of North America considerably. This is only one reason why these breeds should be sustained as a cultural heritage.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Observations of the birth and suckling behavior of goats].

50 goats of several breeds and crossbreeds as well as their kids were observed. The experiment involved 388 hours of observation over 62 days. The average duration of pregnancy was 151.2 days. In addition to physical characteristics and labored mobility, a tendency toward isolation and characteristic vocalization were noted. The period from onset of birth to the first delivery averaged less than 20 min. Subsequent to delivery the doe arose immediately, followed by the kid in an average of 21 min. Initial suckling by the kids occurred on average 42 min after birth. After an initially high frequency of suckling cycles, the cycle in the following weeks was reduced to 1 to 2 times an hour in the case of a single kid birth, while twins suckled more often. Out of 5,562 observations, only 1% were true cases of suckling from another doe.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The native domestic animal breeds of Japan].

During the last decades some domestic animal breeds have spread to all parts of the world. In general, consideration is given to these breeds only; on the other hand, autochthonous breeds of various countries are hardly known. These, however, can be valuable gene-reserves, and moreover, they represent a significant cultural value. In Japan there are several domestic animal breeds which are almost unknown in Central Europe. They are presented verbally and by means of illustration, and their breeding history is dealt with as well. The purpose of this study is to point out the importance of these breeds within the country and to make clear the extent of the danger of their extinction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The "weaving" of horses].

Studies were made on 27 horses which were known to weave. They were stallions, mares and geldings between the ages of 3 and 22 years. The horses were individually observed for several days in their habitual surroundings. A period, in which a horse makes pauses of not more than ten minutes, is considered a weaving phase. Shorter pauses subdivide the weaving phase into weaving series. The basic unit of weaving is the weaving displacement, i.e. the head movement between the turning points. The number of daily weaving displacements of the horses examined varied from less than 400 up to almost 18,000. The time spent weaving per day was 67 minutes on the average. Weaving is presumably caused by an exceedingly stressful situation. Weaving phases were mainly released by certain environmental irritations. It is improbable that a horse would begin weaving by copying another. Horses which weaved strongly did not distinguish themselves by a quicker release of weaving but rather by a longer reaction to individual irritations. Therapeutic attempts seem to promise success only within certain limits. The health condition is only affected insignificantly, if at all, by weaving.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Endangered domestic animal breeds in German-speaking countries. V. Horses].

Due to motorization the heavy horses, in particular draught horses and carriage horses, were deprived of their "raison d'être". At present therefore, they mostly are found in small livestocks. The past few years they regained some significance through their work in the forests, as an attraction in tourism or somewhere else. In German speaking countries approximately 15 horse breeds must be considered to be threatened in their existence. Breeding history, appearance, use and geographical distribution of 12 of them are discussed in this article.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Endangered domestic animal breeds in German-speaking countries. III. Sheep].

Sheep are mainly kept extensively. They therefore have to tolerate the local climatic conditions. By these conditions many traditional breeds still exist, those are hardy and modest enough to find an ecological niche. Because of the local occurrence the number of individuals of many breeds is rather small, so that these breeds are endangered. The hope lies on hobby-breeders, who do not exclusively follow economical reasons and present breeding aims. In the care of the countryside and landscape and in using natural grassland the importance of sheep is growing.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Endangered domestic animal breeds in German-speaking countries. IV. Swine and goats].

In contrary to the past in the German speaking countries there are now only eight pig breeds that are kept for meat. There are evident reasons for the reduction to mainly four breeds, especially if one looks to the actual habitudes of the consumer. By a decision of the administration in 1927 there exist only two native goat breeds in West Germany. In Switzerland, goat breeding has always had a great importance. Here there are not only many more goats than in West Germany, but with eight breeds the number of different types is much greater. Four pig breeds and six goat breeds are described. All have only local meaning and importance and all are endangered.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1986

[Endangered domestic animal species in German speaking countries. I: General aspects].

The development of farm animals since the beginning of domestication is described. Modern breeds have existed since the end of the 18th century. Different efficiency with regard to what were topical breeding aims as well as manipulations by the government led to a decrease in the variety of breeds. The reasons of preserving endangered breeds are both genetic and cultural. There are some examples of breeds that once had little attention payed to and which now have obtained economic importance again. In recent years several institutions in West Germany have tried by financial advancement and other measures for a variety of breeds to avoid further curtailment of them.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1986

[Endangered farm animal breeds in German-speaking countries. II. Cattle].

The development of farm animals since the beginning of domestication is described. Modern breeds have existed since the end of the 18th century. Different efficiency with regard to what were topical breeding aims as well as manipulations by the government led to a decrease in the variety of breeds. The reasons of preserving endangered breeds are both genetic and cultural. There are some examples of breeds that once had little attention payed to and which now have obtained economic importance again. In recent years several institutions in West Germany have tried by financial advancement and other measures for a variety of breeds to avoid further curtailment of them.

Animal Husbandry↗