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H H Wacker

Publications and source records attributed to H H Wacker.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A new proliferation-associated nuclear antigen detectable in paraffin-embedded tissues by the monoclonal antibody Ki-S1.

A monoclonal antibody (Ki-S1) has been raised that reacts with the nuclei of proliferating cells. The antigen recognized is resistant to formalin fixation and can be detected in frozen tissues as well as in routinely processed specimens. In immunohistochemistry, nuclear staining can be seen in those tissues and cellular compartments known to be actively proliferating. Peripheral blood lymphocytes are negative but show a strong increase in antigen expression after mitogen stimulation. Flow cytometric determination of DNA content and antigen expression revealed negativity of G0 cells and positivity of G1 to G2/M cells. A cytoplasmic co-reactivity, not associated with proliferation, was confined to Langerhans islands of the pancreas. The nuclear localized antigen has a molecular mass of 160 kd and therefore seems to be different from all other known immunohistochemical markers of proliferating cells. We conclude that the monoclonal antibody Ki-S1 might provide a useful tool for studying cell proliferation in situ under normal and pathological circumstances.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Eosinophilia as the leading symptom of highly malignant enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma].

A 39 year old man had been suffering from chronic bowel symptoms of changing intensity. At the age of 37 the diagnosis of nontropical sprue was made. After institution of a gluten free diet the patient improved, but soon diarrhea started again. In the examination of peripheral blood smear, bone marrow and small intestinal mucosal biopsies a dominant eosinophilia was found. Since several attacks of abdominal colics and finally an acute abdomen occurred, a laparotomy was indicated. This operative intervention showed a perforation of the intestine and tumors in the bowel wall as well as numerous lymphomas spread over the whole mesentery. The histological examination of both the small intestine resect and the lymphomas proved the diagnosis of a highly malignant Non Hodgkin lymphoma (middle and large cell pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma with transition into a large cell anaplastic lymphoma [ki-1 lymphoma]). The patient received a chemotherapy with COEP but died 4 weeks after the surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical monitoring of plasmacytoid cells in lymph node sections of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease by a new pan-macrophage antibody Ki-M1P.

The new monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P, which detects a formalin-resistant epitope on conventional paraffin sections, was applied in 20 cases of different stages of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. This new pan-macrophage immunoreagent detects plasmacytoid T cells, referred to as plasmacytoid cells, and renders a reliable delineation of these cells against other similar cell types, such as blasts of high-grade B- and T-cell lymphoma. Histiocytes as well as macrophages were strongly positive, and plasmacytoid cells showed a somewhat weaker and primarily granular, intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Plasmacytoid cells, being a diagnostic feature of the Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, facilitate a clear distinction of this disease entity from large cell or high-grade lymphomas. These results may represent an additional argument favoring the histiocytic origin of plasmacytoid cells. Additionally, they may point to an immunohistochemical tool that facilitates the differential diagnosis between Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, especially in early stages of the disease, and malignant lymphoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Follicular dendritic cells in non-Hodgkin-lymphoma express adhesion molecules complementary to ligands on neoplastic B-cells.

In non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL) with nodular growth patterns, follicular dendritic cells (FDC) form a spherical network which contains neoplastic B-cells. In order to dissect the basis of this close FDC/B cell association, the antigenic profile of adhesion molecules expressed by individual FDC and NHL-B-lymphocytes was evaluated. FDC isolated from NHL were found to express C3bi receptors (CD11b), the very late antigen (VLA) alpha-5- and alpha-6-chain (CD49e, CD49f), and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54). Only a percentage of the FDC population was positive for the VLA beta-1- and alpha-3-chain (CD29, CD49c), the vitronectin receptor (CD51) and the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). B-cells obtained from the lymph nodes of patients with centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma expressed several ligands complementary to the adhesion molecules detected on FDC. These include LFA-1 alpha- and beta-chains (CD11a, CD18), and ICAM-1 (CD54). Surprisingly, monoclonal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with a leukaemic course of this lymphoma entity were devoid of these antigens. It seems likely then that neoplastic B-cells without CD11a, CD18 and CD54 surface molecules are unable to associate with FDC and now invade other compartments. Thus, the adhesive interactions which do occur between FDC and NHL-B-cells may directly influence the peculiar growth pattern and spread of centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[Sinus lining cells:morphology, function and neoplasia].

Lymph node sinuses consist mainly of sinus lining cells with clear dendritic morphology. Enzyme cytochemical and immune phenotypical analysis classify sinus lining cells as an intermediate cell type linking monocyte/macrophage to follicular dendritic cells, which are accepted immune accessory cells to humoral immune response. Labeling studies indicate sinus lining cells to hematogenous and possible monocytogenous in origin. In functional term sinus lining cells bind and present soluble antigen as the first cell type following antigen pulse. In addition sinus lining cells bind carcinoma cells and may play a role in metastasis. Sinus lining cells give rise to a well defined entity of neoplasia which is proposed to be termed sinus lining cell reticulosarcoma. In this presentation a case report exemplifies such a new entity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Ki-B5: a monoclonal antibody unrelated to CD45 recognizes normal and neoplastic human B cells in routine paraffin sections.

In the search for immunoreagents appropriate for the histopathologic diagnosis of malignant B-cell lymphomas in routinely processed paraffin sections, a new monoclonal antibody, Ki-B5, was generated using a high-grade B-cell lymphoma as the immunogene. Ki-B5 is a mouse IgG1/kappa that recognizes five protein fractions of about 84, 82, 55, 48, and 27 Kd after biosynthetic radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. Protein fractions with the molecular weights of approximately 84 and 82 Kd were expressed on the cell surface and show that Ki-B5 is probably unrelated to CD45. It was possible through electron microscopy to visualize the membrane-bound portion of Ki-B5. Extensive immunohistologic studies on normal human tissue and various neoplasias demonstrated the high specificity of Ki-B5 to normal human B cells and a minor subgroup of plasma cells. Except for ML-2, which is a myelomonocytic human cell line, Ki-B5 exclusively recognized the B-cell lineage, including EB-3, BALL-1, and NALM-1. All carcinomas, sarcomas, and malignant melanomas tested with Ki-B5 were negative. Although normal granulocytes and monocytes were constantly negative, three of eight myelomonocytic leukemias coreacted with this antibody. Eight of the 57 T-cell lymphomas studied were positive to Ki-B5. Five were classified as lymphoblastic, two represented T8-CLL, and one was classified as immunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Only 3 of 126 cases of B-cell lymphoma, including rare types not considered in the current classifications, were negative to Ki-B5. Plasmacytomas were also negative, except for one case. Irrespective of the cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and plasmacytoma, Ki-B5 represents a new monoclonal antibody appropriate for the diagnosis and immunophenotyping of malignant lymphomas in routinely processed paraffin sections.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of a monocyte/macrophage differentiation antigen in routinely processed paraffin-embedded tissues by monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P.

A new monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P that is raised against supernatants of detergent solubilized human lymph node tissue is described. Ki-M1P recognizes in particular monocytes and their macrophage derivatives as tested by light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Granulocytes, dendritic cells as the accessory cells of humoral and cellular immune response, and epithelial, endothelial, neural, and mesenchymal cells do not react with Ki-M1P. In extensive application Ki-M1P has proven to be a useful marker for distinguishing monocytic leukemias within FAB groups M4 and M5. The recognized antigen is composed of five proteins with molecular masses of about 60, 92, 98, 124, and 150 kDa in blood monocytes, whereas tissue macrophages tested so far expressed only the 60-kDa protein. Because the Ki-M1P antigen is not destroyed or masked during routine fixation and paraffin embedding of biopsy tissue samples, Ki-M1P represents a useful diagnostic reagent for the identification of physiological functional and pathologic reaction forms as well as neoplastic variants of the human monocyte/macrophage system even in retrospective studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Accessory cells in normal human and rodent lymph nodes: morphology, phenotype, and functional implications.

This chapter provides a brief review of the professional accessory cells present in normal human and rodent lymph nodes. When dealing with the function of accessory cells in the immune system it has to be borne in mind that in principle all cells may possess or acquire the capability of antigen presentation, which is the decisive initiating step in the specific host defense bound to the lymphoid cells. Professional accessory cells are arrayed at the afferent limb of the immune response. The majority of them have a typical dendritic morphology, so that the term "dendritic cells" is widely used instead of the term "accessory cells," and has replaced the traditional terms "reticulum cells" and "reticular cells." Professional accessory cells are characterized by: 1. The capability to stimulate specific T- or B-cell response following antigen pulsing 2. A dendritic morphology 3. Expression of major histocompatibility glycoproteins, complement, and Fc receptors as well as of various adhesion molecules. 4. Presentation of processed or unprocessed native antigens 5. Production and secretion of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 The bimodal differentiation of lymphocytes seems to be reflected in the occurrence of two types of dendritic accessory cell: accessory cells involved in cellular (T accessory cells) and humoral (B accessory cells) immunity. T accessory cells of the lymph node comprise: 1. The lymphoid dendritic cell of Steinman, which probably represent a subset of blood monocytes with possible terminal differentiation into other T accessory cells 2. Veiled cells, which have been shown to represent Langerhans cells of the epidermal covering on their way to thymus-dependent areas of lymph node, probably giving rise to interdigitating dendritic (reticulum) cells 3. Interdigitating dendritic (reticulum) cells as the typical accessory cells of lymphoid T zone The T accessory cells share morphological, ultrastructural, immunophenotypic, and functional properties, are myeloid in origin, and very probably derive from monocyte lineage. As immune stimulatory cells they present processed antigen only and initiate T-cell proliferation and differentiation by interleukin-1 and -6 secretion. Accessory cells involved in the initiation of a primary humoral immune reaction have not been convincingly characterized. Accessory cells responsible for a secondary B-cell response, however, are the so-called follicular dendritic (reticulum) cells constituting the typical web-like structure of the primary and secondary lymphoid follicles. Unlike T accessory cells, follicular dendritic (reticulum) cells are distinguished by accentuated membrane desmosomes and extensive anastomosing branches of dendrites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inv(14) with distal breakpoint in 14q32.1 in three cases of T cell lymphoma.

The distal breakpoint of inv(14) in T cell clones, established from patients with ataxia telangiectasia, lies outside the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus on 14q32.3, and more proximal to the centromere than the distal breakpoint of inv(14) in the T cell lymphoma cell line SUP-T1. We report 3 cases of T cell lymphoma cytogenetically showing the same type of inv(14) as the AT T cell clones. All 3 cases express a similar immunophenotype, which is that of peripheral T lymphocytes with phenotypic remnants of thymic or postthymic lymphoblasts. This finding provides evidence that this type of inv(14) is involved in the malignant transformation of mature T lymphocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A new pan-macrophage antibody Ki-M1P stains plasmacytoid cells in paraffin sections of lymph nodes].

Plasmacytoid, T cells (PTC) occurring in cases of chronic non-specific lymphadenitis were investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and cryostat sections. From the typical T cell antigens only CD4 was detectable on PTC. Antibodies directed against myelo-monocytic antigens such as Ki-M2, Ki-M6 (CD68), and Ki-M7 revealed positive reaction with these cells. The recently established monoclonal antibody Ki-M1P reactive with monocyte/macrophages shows a surface and granular cytoplasmic reactivity with PTC. This observation may indicate the myelo-monocytic origin. Ki-M1P detects a formalin resistant antigen and is thus applicable to conventionally processed paraffin sections as demonstrated in twenty cases of hystiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (KIKUCHI).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement in number and function of antigen-presenting cells in the lymphatic tissue of rats after in vivo administration of diphenylhydantoin (DPH).

We present a monoclonal IgG1 antibody, KiMy1R, which is specific for macrophages and their derivatives in the lymphatic tissue of the rat, and evaluate the distribution of subsets of mononuclear cells in popliteal and para-aortal lymph nodes of Wistar rats after injection of 50 mg DPH into the hindpads. Compared with resting lymphatic tissue and lymph nodes of animals treated with phenobarbital, DPH induced a significant increase (P less than 0.01) of the proportion of phagocytic cells. Furthermore, the soluble antigen alkaline phosphatase was traced after inoculation into the footpads of rats: in locoregional lymph nodes the percentage (mean 12.8/10(3] and the total number (mean 476 x 10(3) cells/lymph node) of cells with membrane-bound or intracytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase, as detected by a monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase antibody, were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in animals pretreated with DPH than in rats pretreated with phenobarbital (mean 2.1/10(3); 31.2 x 10(3) cells/lymph node) and in untreated animals (mean 1.9/10(3); 4.1 x 10(3) cells/lymph node). If verified in humans, the effect of DPH in enhancing the number and function of macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells may exert favourable effects in patients with impairment of the mononuclear phagocytic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Phenotypical characterization of the cells invading pancreatic islets of diabetic BB/OK rats: effect of interleukin 2 receptor-targeted immunotherapy.

We investigated immunohistochemically the phenotypes of mononucleated cells invading pancreatic islets of diabetic BB/OK rats in comparison to the diabetes-resistant parental strain, and 12 and 120 days after a temporary treatment (10 days) with a monoclonal antibody (1 mg/kg b.w.) directed against interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R) combined with a subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporin A (1.5 mg/kg b.w.). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (OX-19, OX-8, W3/25, KI-M2R, OX-6, OX-17, ART-18) and the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase system to visualize the bound primary antibodies, we observed an even distribution of mononucleated cells across the endocrine pancreas at a "background" level when obtained from diabetes-resistant parental rat strain. Diabetic BB/OK rats, characterized by a moderate hyperglycemia and a marked decrease of pancreatic insulin content, displayed a remarkable accumulation of mononucleated cells in the endocrine pancreas. Morphometric studies revealed an increase of all phenotypes investigated, nearly all mononucleated cells expressed class II histocompatibility antigens (OX-6+, OX-17+) and the number of cells expressing the IL 2R (ART-18+) was markedly enhanced. Sixty-seven percent of the immunotherapeutically treated BB/OK rats normalized plasma glucose and enhanced pancreatic insulin content. The successfully treated animals are characterized by a decrease of cells invading pancreatic islets (OX-19+, OX-8+, W3/25+, KI-M2R+), a decrease of class II histocompatibility antigen and IL 2R expression. The number of IL 2R cells is also diminished in the endocrine pancreas of unsuccessfully treated BB rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clonal gene rearrangement patterns correlate with immunophenotype and clinical parameters in patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

T cell receptor beta (TcR beta) chain gene rearrangements have been reported in cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) and provided evidence for the presence of clonal T cell proliferations in this disorder. Twenty-three cases of AILD and two cases of hyperimmune reaction (HR) were investigated. In the two HR cases, essentially the same histologic pattern was present as in AILD but lymph node follicles were hyperplastic. Both HR cases showed germline configuration for the TcR and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes. All other patients diagnosed with AILD had clonal rearrangements for TcR gamma and beta chain genes. In addition, seven out of these cases had clonally rearranged their IgH genes. These two different rearrangement patterns (TcR with or without Ig gene rearrangement) correlated to immunohistochemical and clinical data. Cases with TcR but without Ig gene rearrangements (group I) exclusively showed CD4+ proliferating T cells, whereas those cases with TcR and Ig gene rearrangements had significantly elevated numbers of CD8+ proliferating cells (group II). Group II patients significantly more often presented with hemolytic anemia and went into transient remission spontaneously or under steroid treatment. Group I patients, however, had a higher response to chemotherapy and a longer survival time. These data show that, based on different rearrangement patterns, it is possible to divide AILD into two different groups with distinct immunophenotypic properties and differences in clinical parameters. Immunogenotyping in AILD thus will have prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Size and composition of liver vitamin A reserves of human beings who died of various causes.

Postmortem livers from 77 "normal" persons, 37 patients with neoplastic disease, 10 subjects with liver insufficiency, and 7 infants were analysed for free and esterified retinol. The average concentrations of total vitamin A for the members of each group were 597, 551, 289, and 162 micrograms/g wet liver, respectively. Compared with corresponding control values, both cancer victims and patients with liver disease had significantly lower hepatic vitamin A levels. With regard to the composition of the liver vitamin A reserves, our results show that approximately 97% of this vitamin was present as retinyl ester. Additionally, minute amounts of retinol were also found in most of the liver specimens analysed. In "normal" subjects the major ester fraction recovered was palmitate/oleate followed by stearate and myristate/linoleate. By contrast, the second most abundant fatty acid in the retinyl ester fraction of cancer victims was myristic/linoleic acid together with significantly smaller quantities of stearic acid. In tissue samples obtained from patients with liver disorders, however, the myristate/linoleate fraction was increased and therefore nearly equal amounts of both retinyl stearate and myristate/linoleate were present.

Cause of Death↗