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Biomedical subjects

H Hadar

Publications and source records attributed to H Hadar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A comparative evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy versus lymphangiography and computerized tomography scanning in diagnosis of lymph node metastases in advanced bladder cancer.

The potential of lymphoscintigraphy to detect lymph node metastases compared to lymphangiography and computerized tomography scanning was evaluated in 26 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. Four-view images of the abdominoperineal area were taken 90 to 120 minutes after 99mtechnetium-rhenium sulfide was injected into 2 interdigital spaces in each foot. Results of lymphoscintigraphy interpretation correlated with surgical and histological findings: a correct diagnosis was made in 61.5 per cent of the patients, while 23.1 per cent had false positive and 15.4 per cent had false negative results. Although computerized tomography was the most accurate method to detect lymph node metastases (correct diagnosis in 73.1 per cent of the patients) no significant difference was found among the 3 diagnostic methods. False positive interpretation of lymphoscintigraphy was twice as common as that of the radiological studies (23 versus 11.5 per cent). The possibilities that may cause image variation interpreted as a false positive result are discussed. Because lymphoscintigraphy is an easier and less time-consuming study than lymphangiography, the former method is suggested to be an additional and sometimes (for example if short-term followup studies are required) preferred modality to evaluate the extent of lymph node involvement in cases of invasive bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Gaucher disease: assessment with MR imaging.

The skeletal system, spleen, and liver of five patients with proved Gaucher disease were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Homogeneous, low intensity signals resulting from relaxation times different than normal (longer T1 and shorter T2 values) were found in the marrow of long bones, vertebrae, and hips in all patients. In three patients, normal signals were noted in the patella, epiphysis of the knee, and capital femoral epiphysis. In two patients with acute bone pain in the tibial region, a higher signal was received from the tibial marrow. This signal was related to increased accumulation of fluid following an avascular episode. Soft tissues in the same area were also involved. Liver and spleen enlargement was readily visible, especially on coronal images. T1 values of spleen were significantly shorter than normal. MR imaging provides an excellent assessment of the extent of involvement of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow in Gaucher disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Nuclear magnetic resonance proton imaging of bone pathology.

Thirty-two patients with diversified pathology were examined with a supraconductive NMR imager using spin echo with different TR and TE to obtain T1 and T2 weighted images. They included 20 tumors (12 primary, eight metastasis), six osteomyelitis, three fractures, two osteonecrosis, and one diffuse metabolic (Gaucher) disease. In all cases except for the stress fractures, the bone pathology was clearly visualized in spite of the normal lack of signal from the compact cortical bone. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging proved to be at least as sensitive as radionuclide scintigraphy but much more accurate than all other imaging procedures including computed tomography (CT) and angiography to assess the extension of the lesions, especially in tumors extended to soft tissue. This is due both to easy acquisition of sagittal and coronal sections and to different patterns of pathologic modifications of T1 and T2 which are beginning to be defined. It is hoped that more experience in clinical use of these patterns will help to discriminate between tumor extension and soft-tissue edema. We conclude that while radionuclide scintigraphy will probably remain the most sensitive and easy to perform screening test for bone pathology, NMR imaging, among noninvasive diagnostic procedures, appears to be at least as specific as CT. In addition, where the extension of the lesions is concerned, NMR imaging is much more informative than CT. In pathology of the spine, the easy visualization of the spinal cord should decrease the need for myelography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedic surgery. A glimpse into the future.

Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained of 10 healthy volunteers and 70 patients suffering from various orthopaedic disorders. Selected images of soft tissue, joint, bone and spinal abnormalities are presented and their interpretation is described. Although we have been using MRI for only a very short time, it is already possible to see its advantages: it provides good images of soft-tissues, detailed pictures of bone marrow, and excellent visualisation of the spine and spinal cord. The decision-making process in surgical procedures will in the future be influenced by this technique.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of renal agenesis and ectopy.

The position and shape of the organs normally adjacent to the kidney were evaluated by computed tomography in seven patients with renal agenesis and in two patients with unilateral renal ectopy. The major findings were displacement of colonic flexures, small intestine loops, duodenum, spleen, and tail of the pancreas. The shape and position of the adrenal gland was found abnormal in cases with left-sided anomaly. Genital abnormalities such as absent seminal vesicle were frequently encountered. The presence of abnormally shaped adrenal glands in patients with left renal agenesis and ectopy is a new diagnostic radiologic sign for these conditions.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1984

Positional relations of colon and kidney determined by perirenal fat.

The anatomic relations of the colon in regard to the kidney at three levels were studied with CT in 70 male and 70 female patients in various age groups. The study was initiated when two patients with large left-kidney masses had an unusual posterior location of the colon. Considering the increase in percutaneous uroradiologic invasive procedures, it was believed that such a study was needed. It was shown that the colon has a tendency to be displaced anteriorly to the kidney in elderly men, whereas it is laterally located in females of all ages. An outstanding and unique finding was the excessive accumulation of perinephric fat in males and its quite total absence in females. It is suggested that this gender-related peculiar fat distribution might explain the anterior displacement of the colon in males.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Fatty replacement of lower paraspinal muscles: normal and neuromuscular disorders.

The physiologic replacement of the lower paraspinal muscles by fat was evaluated in 157 patients undergoing computed tomography for reasons unrelated to abnormalities of the locomotor system. Five patients with neuromuscular disorders were similarly evaluated. The changes were graded according to severity at three spinal levels: lower thoracic-upper lumbar, midlumbar, and lumbosacral. The results were analyzed in relation to age and gender. It was found that fatty replacement of paraspinal muscles is a normal age-progressive phenomenon most prominent in females. It progresses down the spine, being most advanced in the lumbosacral region. The severest changes in the five patients with neuromuscular disorders (three with poliomyelitis and two with progressive muscular dystrophy) consisted of complete muscle group replacement by fat. In postpoliomyelitis atrophy, the distribution was typically asymmetric and sometimes lacked clinical correlation. In muscular dystrophy, fatty replacement was symmetric, showing relative sparing of the psoas and multifidus muscles. In patients with neuromuscular diseases, computed tomography of muscles may be helpful in planning a better rehabilitation regimen.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Calcification in the portal venous system demonstrated by computed tomography.

The CT appearance of calcification in the portal venous system in a patient with chronic alcoholic cirrhosis is presented. Report cases of radiologically detectable calcification in the portal system are rare, and most of them have been associated with longstanding portal hypertension. We presume that with CT this diagnosis will be made more frequently. In the presence of calcification in the portal venous system, portal vein thrombosis is highly probable. This information is of obvious importance to the surgeon contemplating a portal decompressive shunt procedure.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1982

CT findings in chronic post-thrombotic obstruction of the inferior vena cava.

Four patients suffering from chronic post-thrombotic inferior vena caval obstruction were examined by CT scan. The CT appearance of the various venous collateral channels is presented. Other findings observed were bulky seminal vesicles and bilateral compressed bladder. Two unique findings for this entity were observed: 1) the disappearance of the long-since thrombosed IVC, or as we refer to it, the "lonely aorta" sign; and 2) absence of the posterior low-density area of the liver on the unenhanced cuts, representing the hepatic segment of the IVC. This noninvasive method facilitates differentiation among chronic post-thrombotic occlusion of the IVC, acute thrombosis, tumor thrombosis, and occlusion by tumor compression.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomographic diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms has been facilitated by the use of computed tomography (CT). This is illustrated by four cases, presented here, two of which were diagnosed by angiography and CT, and two having been operated upon on the basis of CT diagnosis alone. We feel that CT can replace angiographic studies by supplying the surgeon with all the pre-operative details needed. CT is more accurate than angiography, since the latter may underestimate the true diameter of aneurysms, or can even give false-negative results. With CT it is possible to detect signs of rupture or pre-rupture states of aneurysms that have not been suspected on angiographic or clinical grounds.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Sapheno-femoral valve insufficiency in varicose veins of the lower limb.

SFV competence was investigated in 100 patients (189 legs) suffering from varicose veins. The incidence was found to depend on the method used. The simpler clinical methods such as the cough test, percussion test, Trendelenburg test, revealed SFV insufficiency to be between 15.4-21.6%. Using the Doppler ultrasound the incidence increased to 47.6%; by using the MABP, SFV insufficiency was found to be increased 20%. The SFV competence was indicated as playing an important role in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. The phlebologist's decision to carry out high ligation and stripping of the saphena magna in patients with varicose veins should be considered only for those cases where the extent of incompetence has been established beyond doubt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Renal sinus lipomatosis: differentiation from space-occupying lesion with aid of computed tomography.

Forty-two cases of renal sinus lipomatosis were diagnosed by intravenous urography and nephrotomography. The differential diagnosis from a malignant process necessitated selective renal angiography in 9 cases. With the aid of computed tomography (CT), an invasive technique such as renal angiography appears to be unnecessary in the differential diagnosis of renal sinus lipomatosis. CT seems to be more accurate since it revealed a concomitant cyst in 2 of 4 cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Total uterine prolapse causing hydroureteronephrosis.

Six women with advanced uterine prolapse underwent examination by drip infusion urography. A new hypothesis is proposed for the pathogenesis of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis: the ureters are entrapped by the hiatus genitalis, not against the bladder but against the fundus of the fully prolapsed uterus. Drip infusion urography should include an exposure area of about 15 centimeters below the pubis, and at least one exposure should be taken with the patient in the standing position. Thus, the hourglass appearance of the prolapsed bladder will not be overlooked and would be helpful in explaining the cause of the hydroureteronephrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Widespread dissemination of gelfoam particles complicating occlusion of renal circulation.

Embolization of renal circulation by Gelfoam particles in a thirty-two-year-old man with renal carcinoma was followed by retrograde regurgitation of the injected particles upstream, with resultant occlusion of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. This was followed by a stormy clinical course, which the patient survived. Several possible explanations are offered for the occurrence of this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Spontaneous extravasation of urine in chronic ureteric obstruction.

Two cases of spontaneous extravasation of urine in chronic ureteric obstruction are presented. In 1 case the long-standing partial ureteric obstruction was caused by enlarged lymphomatous glands, and extravasation was followed by a perinephric abscess. In the second case, believed to be unique, there was a moderate chronic ureteric obstruction post irradiation, and extravasation was induced by a sudden rise in intra-abdominal pressure due to vomiting.

Adult↗