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Biomedical subjects

H Haenel

Publications and source records attributed to H Haenel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Phylogenesis and nutrition.

The evolution of man is connected with a life-style of hunting and gathering, and with the development and use of tools. The success of tools promoted the evolution of brain, thinking and skills. The food sources--animal and plant--remained the same during the whole of evolution. But the proportions of foods, preferences, preparations and the attainability changed. Evolution was a process continuously based on omnivorous nutrition. Compared to modern nutrition, paleolithic nutrition is richer in animal protein, vitamins, calcium, potassium and fibre, and poorer in fat and sodium. Saccharose, lactose and alcohol play no roles. The quality of the fat is marked by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This shift from a paleolithic diet to a modern diet caused nutritional risks, partly responsible for the dramatic increase in modern chronic diseases of heart, circulation and so on. Man's metabolism works in a stable genetic frame, derived during phylogenesis. We have to adapt our nutritional behaviour to its tolerances or we may succumb to disease and premature death. While our paleolithic metabolism is overdone with modern nutrition, our psychological heritages press in the direction of overdoing.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of nutrition habits in Potsdam two centuries ago with modern developments.

Nutrition habits in the 18th century are described using as examples a menu of the Prussian King, the weekly menu in the Potsdam military orphanage, and the daily ration for a soldier of the Prussian army. Due to the social and scientific progress the quality of nutrition has improved in many respects. Compared to past times there are today no deficiencies in energy and essential nutrients, if knowledge and behavior are in accord. Full employment, high purchasing power and stable prices for basic food are the premises for good nutrition. The wide-spread desire for a nutrition of high hedonic value connected with a broad food choice has nutritional advantages, but as well the potential disadvantage of overnutrition. The hygienic quality of food has probably never been as high as today.

Diet↗
PubMed1988

[Nutrition in pregnancy].

Review about during pregnancy. Nutrition of a pregnant woman has to cover the maternal need of energy and additionally the stuff for the fetus as preconditions for its growth. In the trimester an extra intake of 15 grams protein is necessary, but no one of fat and carbohydrates. An increase of 400-500 mg Calcium, 10 mg fernum and vitamins A, B1, B2 and C is very important. Smoking, alcohol and drug abuse may be injurious to the fetus. Passive smoking of the mothers, therefore automatically of the fetus, too, is harmful for the fetus. Our recommendations for nutrition of pregnant women demonstrate, that feeding during pregnancy is simple.

Deficiency Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[The microecological effect of human milk].

With mother's milk, in the colon a buffer system round pH 5 is dominating which consists of short chain organic acids and the corresponding anions. Thus, the activity of the microbial metabolism is retarded. The degradation of lactose remains maintained down to the faeces. With cow's milk, a neutral buffer system on the basis of phosphate, bicarbonate, and protein degradation products causes a rapid lactose degradation already in the upper colon. Putrefactive metabolites thereby released and absorbed burden the infant's still immature detoxifying capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Changes within Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species].

Laboratory rats with a gut flora unambiguous free from Bifidobacterium revealed three days after an application of a lactose-rich food a dominating Lactobacillus plantarum flora. Up from this date, Bifidobacterium could be detected for the first time. At the beginning, there was to be observed merely B. adolescentis and B. pseudolongum, at the 5th to the 10th day B. bifidum supervened. Finally this species together with B. infantis was dominating. With in vitro experiments, by a systematic modifying of the medium changes from Bifidobacterium species typical to faeces from infants to such species only to meet in faeces from adults could be observed only after a long time of cultivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Ballast matter from a microecological viewpoint].

In a traditional sense, ballast matter means food constituents not attacked by digestion enzymes of macro-organism. Thus, they get to the hind-gut chemically unchanged. There they can be metabolised by microbes. Intestinal bacteria also utilize substances that are usually digestible and have escaped digestion within the small intestine, for various reasons. Such substances reveal the same effects as undigestible "classic" ballast matter. Therefore, from microecological-physiological aspects it is suggested to expand the term ballast matter by so-called "optional" or "potential" ballast matter (in the small intestine usually digestible but incompletely degraded nutriments) in addition to "obligatory" ballast matter (nutriments not digestible by indigene enzymes). In experiments with rats, microecological effects caused by the "optimal" ballast matter lactose are evidenced.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The metabolic processes of intestinal flora].

Man is habitat of 10(14)-10(15) bacteria, most of them colonizing the digestive tract, mainly the large intestine. Here microbial metabolic processes are going on like in a black box. Their quality, quantity, dynamics and effects on the host are discernible only in fragments or from their net effect. Almost all organic compounds and nutrients, fiber, xenobiotics, digestive secretions and desquamated epithelial cells of the host enter into macroorganismic/microorganismic metabolic chains and processes, which are not known or measurable in detail. Examples are given for the metabolization of nutrients, esp. amino acids. Some information is concerned with morphological, physiological, biochemical immunological and pathological effects of the gastrointestinal flora, discernible from experiments with gnotobiotic animals. Microbial influences upon basic life processes of the host are described in a few examples.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

A mechanism of association of lactobacilli with the rat stomach epithelium.

The stomach wall of the rat is colonised by a dominant lactobacilli flora. The bacteria are localised mainly on the squamous epithelium (Table 1). They adhere tightly, covering the whole surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 1). On the secreting epithelium yeasts and bacteria were found only in connection with mucus (Fig. 2). In the present paper a mechanism of adhesion will be discussed. Piliform appendages (PA) were investigated with the aid of electron microscopy between the bacteria and the top cell layer of the epithelium and between the bacterial cells themselves (Fig. 3 and 4). They contain, following indications with scanning and transmission electron microscopy, material from the thin capsulae of acidic mucopolysaccharides, reported by Savage. Lactobacilli isolated from the squamous epithelium and cultivated in vitro are connected by the same piliform appendages. It seems, that the piliform appendages have an affinity to special receptor sites of the bacterial cell wall and also of the gastric epithelium. Lactobacilli situated on the secreting epithelium show piliform appendages, too, but they don't have a tight connection with the epithelial cells, only with the mucus.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1981

Problems of mineral supply in industrialized countries.

The main nutritional problems, related to mineral supply, can be seen in two respects: (1) Minerals with sufficiently known parameters, so that RDA have been generally established. Basic knowledge is advanced, open questions are connected with insufficient (Fe, I, Zn, Cu), or excessive (Na) intake, or with imbalances. (2) Metals, occurring in food and needed in metabolism in trace amounts. exact RDA have not been established due to lack in basic knowledge. Open questions are conncected with analytics, bioavailability, requirements, mode of action, effects of deficiency and excess in relation to homeostasis and disease, and in some cases with essentiality. Nutritional problems exist in (a) differences in trace element contents between mother's milk and infant milk formula; (b) the reduction of trace element contents in modern diet due to changing food habits and food processing and refining; (c) increasing information about protective or harmful influences of trace elements upon chronic degenerative diseases: (d) toxicology, including cancerogenicity of trace metals, and (e) relations to pharmaceuticals like contraceptives or to fiber.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human nutrition: safety and risk.

Man has always been existing in an "oecotoxic" environment and he will be existing in the future, though the noxious factors are changing. Today the output of modern chemical industry and its effects on health attract abundant interest. The risks in nutrition derive from imbalanced nutrition, food borne diseases of microbial origin, environmental contaminants, toxicants naturally present in food, food additives, and food allergens, the most important risks seem to connected with false nutrition and with microbial hazards. The toxic burden of modern man by chemicals can not be judged as the overwhelming nutrition health problem. This burden is only one factor, which--on the genetic background--dynamically interacts with innumerable social, cultural and economic factors, with climate, weather, noise, fatigue and relaxation, with health, functional state, special susceptibility, defense or repair capacity, nutritional situation, water intake, biochronological situation, microecology, coergism of xenobiotics and pharmaca, and others. In this biological system the single potential toxicant plays a quite variable role. The regard of a substance as safe poses a difficult task; the weigh between its toxic properties and its advantages, considering its practical use, should aim at the socially acceptable risk.

Carcinogens↗