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Biomedical subjects

H Hain

Publications and source records attributed to H Hain.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Multiple-dose-kinetics of ofloxacin after intraperitoneal application in CAPD patients.

Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in plasma and peritoneal fluid were studied in 11 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Seven patients without peritonitis received 20 mg ofloxacin added to 2L dialysate i.p. every 6 h for one day only, while 4 patients with acute peritonitis were treated with this same dosage every 4 h for 3 days, then every 6 h for the next 7 days. Ofloxacin concentrations in plasma and dialysate were determined by HPLC. After i.p. drug application there was a rapid elimination of ofloxacin from dialysate, this being significantly faster in patients with peritonitis as compared to those without. Likewise, the total amount lost from the first bag after a 3 h dwell was higher in the peritonitis group (84.7 +/- 1.5%; mean +/- SEM) than in the non-peritonitis group (75.6 +/- 2.1%). Twenty-four h after start of ofloxacin treatment, the mean peritoneal fluid concentrations at the end of each exchange studied were all above 3 mg/L. In patients with peritonitis, plasma concentrations of ofloxacin rose to 0.94 +/- 0.05 mg/L after 24 h reaching a Cmax of 1.8 +/- 0.2 mg/L after a tmax of 84 +/- 23 h. Intraperitoneal administration of ofloxacin was well tolerated, and no local or systemic adverse events were observed. Peritonitis episodes that were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis (3) and by E. coli (1) were cured in all patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Failure-time analysis of extensive amalgam restorations].

Statistical methods of survival-analysis were applied to investigate the "life-time" of three types of class II amalgam restorations: 1355 F3-, 355 F4-amalgam filling, 108 TMS-pin-retained extensive amalgam restorations and 222 single crowns of a total of 630 patients of a private dental office. After 8 years of service about 50% of the extensive amalgam fillings, but 12% of the single crowns were still under risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ultrafiltration and absorption characteristics of hydroxyethylstarch and dextran during long dwell peritoneal dialysis exchanges in rats.

Glucose has several disadvantages such as low pH, high osmolality and hyperglycemia. Rapid glucose absorption contributes to hyperlipidemia, obesity and ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis patients. Two commercially available plasma substitutes 10% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) and 6% dextran were studied for ultrafiltration and absorption patterns. 18 ml of each solution were instilled into the peritoneal cavity of 6 non-uremic rats. HES yielded a significantly (p less than 0.02) greater ultrafiltration after 6 h of dwell, whereas 2.3% glucose solution showed the typical ultrafiltration pattern of an easily absorbable osmotic agent. With 6% dextran ultrafiltration was markedly lower. At the end of cycle time the mean absorption rates for HES were 62.7% and 41.5% for dextran. It is concluded that HES is a potent osmotic agent due to sustained colloidal ultrafiltration. However, despite their high molecular weights both solutions were markedly absorbed probably by lymphatics. However, accumulation in tissues and undefined metabolic pathways might prove disadvantageous in patients with ESRD.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Total creatine kinase and isoenzyme fractions in chronic dialysis patients.

We measured total serum creatine kinase (CK) and serum creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB) in 53 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 52 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), using Scalva UV methodology for CK and electrophoresis for CK-MB. Seven of the 53 CAPD patients (13%) had an elevated total CK, and only one of these 7 patients had an elevated CK-MB greater than 5%. In contrast 22 HD patients (42%) had increased total CK values, and 6 of these 22 HD patients (27%) showed elevated CK-MB isoenzyme greater than 5%. For each sex, blacks had higher mean CK values than whites. Twenty-one out of the 43 HD patients who received intramuscular injections had elevated total CK values and 6 of these 21 patients had elevated CK-MB isoenzyme independent of the timing of injection. The increased frequency of higher total CK values in HD patients appears to be related to race and androgen administration. The modest elevations in CK-MB fraction (5 to 8%) in these patients require careful interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid function in patients with proteinuria and normal or increased serum creatinine concentration.

The thyroid function of 13 patients with proteinuria and normal serum creatinine level (Group 1) and 15 patients with proteinuria and increased creatinine level (Group 2) was investigated. The daily urinary T41- and T3 excretion was much higher in Group 1 patients than in Group 2 patients (37.1 +/- 25.9 nmol T4 vs 17.5 +/- 8.7 nmol T4, 3.3 +/- 1.6 nmol T3 vs 1.1 +/- 0.8 nmol T3, respectively) and correlated in both groups with the protein loss. None of the patients suffered from hypothyroidism as a consequence of this hormone loss. Although the mean serum T4-, T3-, FT4-, FT3-, TBG- and TBPA concentrations in both groups of patients were within the normal range, the urinary hormone loss appeared to influence these values considerably. It was striking that the rT3 concentration in the patients with the highest hormone loss was frequently less than 0.08 nmol/l, the lower limit of detectability. The basal TSH levels in serum of the nephrotic patients were similar to those of normal individuals. The thyroid function of patients with proteinuria accompanied by retention of creatinine due to renal failure was more difficult to assess because different pathological mechanisms may exert their influence on the thyroidal hormone secretion as well as on the peripheral hormone metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and leukotriene B4 release from peritoneal macrophages by different osmotic agents in nonuremic guinea pigs.

Interleukin-1 (Il-1), prostaglandins, and leukotrienes have been identified as inflammatory parameters in the setting of peritoneal dialysis. Recently, it was postulated that chronic overstimulation of peritoneal macrophages (PM) may result in fibrosis and loss of ultrafiltration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether alternative osmotic agents (polyglucose, amino acids, glycerol, bicarbonate/glucose, gelatine, hydroxyethyl starch) provoke greater eicosanoid release by PMs than glucose. Fifty milliliters of sterile dialysate containing different osmotic agents were injected intraperitoneally into nonuremic guinea pigs. After 4 hours of dwell time, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was analyzed in peritoneal effluents using specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) after liquid extraction. Cyclooxygenase products were generated with all osmotic agents: PGE2 concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 2.8 ng/4h, and TXB2 levels ranged from 39 to 49 ng/4h. In addition, the lipoxygenase product LTB4 was found in concentrations between 1.8 and 3.5 ng/4h. There were no significant differences in eicosanoid release among the osmotic agents. Thus, in this experimental setting, the capacity of PM to release inflammatory mediators did not correlate with the chemical composition of the dialysis solutions.

Animals↗