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Biomedical subjects

H Hajikano

Publications and source records attributed to H Hajikano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Intralobal sequestration in children--a new concept from the form of bronchial tree in sequestrated lung].

Twenty cases of the intralobal sequestration of the lung in children have been experienced. The age of the patients were from eleven days to fifteen years. Intralobal sequestration was classified into two groups, (central type and peripheral type) by the way of reconstruction of the bronchial tree in the sequestrated lung. In 8 cases of central type, the site of lesion was variable. The bronchial trees of the sequestrated lung were running toward the hilus of the normal lung but the bronchi of the affected area in the normal lung were absent. The aberrant arteries were muscular in histology, and the drainage veins were pulmonary vein. In 12 cases of peripheral type, the lesion was in segment 10 area in every cases. The bronchial trees of the sequestrated lung were running toward the pulmonary ligament where an aberrant artery came from, and B10 of the normal lung were patent. The aberrant arteries were elastic in histology, and the drainage veins were pulmonary and/or azygos vein. It is conceivable that the peripheral type is the real intralobal sequestration and the central type is the mixture of some other diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

So-called embryonal hyperplasia of Bowman's capsular epithelium: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

The so-called embryonal hyperplasia of Bowman's capsular epithelium (EHBCE) is a rather specific lesion occurring in kidneys of patients maintained on chronic dialysis. It consists of poorly differentiated cells proliferating around sclerosed or obsolescent glomeruli. In this study, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of EHBCE was performed. The poorly differentiated cells in the lesion exhibited a positive reaction for vimentin and a negative one for cytokeratin (PKK 1) and epithelial membrane antigen. On ultrastructural examination, specialized junctions between adjoining cells, microvilli-like structures on their surfaces, and immature basal folds were observed. These observations suggest that the cells of EHBCE may be associated with the anlage of glomerular epithelium. The background in which neoplasms like renal cell carcinoma or atypical epithelium of cyst wall develop in end-stage kidneys of adult patients on long-term dialysis may cause such a proliferation of poorly differentiated cells in young or paediatric age group patients.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Vascular abnormalities in congenital cutis laxa--report of two cases.

Two cases of Japanese girls with congenital cutis laxa associated with cardiovascular abnormalities are described. Case 1: A 12-year-old girl has been under our observation from the age of 6 months. Cardioangiogram revealed dilatation of the ascending aorta, meandering of the descending aorta and the coronary arteries, coiling of the carotid and innominate (brachiocephalic) arteries, and hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries. Case 2: A 2.8/12-year-old girl died after our follow-up from the age of 3 months. The cause of death was congestive heart failure secondary to peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary arteries. In both cases, skin biopsy revealed a decreased number of elastic fibers and an increased amount of acidic mucopolysaccharides. The same histological features were observed in the pulmonary arteries and other arteries as well. Electron microscopic findings were diffuse thinning of elastic fibers and reduced elastic content. The high blood level of elastase (167.8 micrograms/l) in case 1 may cast a light on the unknown etiology of the disease.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Ki-1 lymphomas in childhood: immunohistochemical analysis and the significance of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) as a new marker.

Two cases of Ki-1 lymphomas in childhood were analyzed immunohistochemically and immunoelectron microscopically. They expressed Hodgkin's disease associated antigen, Ki-1, interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R), OKT9, and HLA-DR. Histologically, the tumour cells were large in size with abundant cytoplasm and atypical nuclei. Lymph node involvement was characterized by parafollicular and marginal sinus infiltration. These features were identical to those reported in Ki-1 lymphomas. Electron microscopically tumour cells had abundant cytoplasmic organelles with pleomorphic nuclei but had no specific granules. Some tumour cells had marked interdigitation of cell membrane. Immunoelectron microscopically Ki-1 was positive on cell membrane. Tumour cells had no T-cell or B-cell antigens except for Leu-3 (T4). Unexpectedly they expressed epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) strongly. EMA was positive on cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. EMA was detected effectively in paraffin-embedded sections. Among the malignant lymphomas in childhood tested, two cases were EMA-positive. The pattern of EMA-reactivity and the histology were very similar to Ki-1 lymphomas. These results strongly suggest that Ki-1 lymphomas in childhood may arise from non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells and that EMA can be used as a new marker to distinguish certain type of Ki-1 lymphomas in childhood.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

Childhood lymphoma. A clinicopathological and immunohistological study of 58 cases.

Fifty-eight cases diagnosed as malignant lymphoma in patients younger than 15 years between 1976 and 1986 in the Kanto area were reviewed and reclassified as follow: 48 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 9 Hodgkin's disease and one malignant histiocytosis. Lymphoblastic type consisted of 26 cases or 54.2%; large cell type, 11 cases or 22.9%; Burkitt's type, 7 cases or 14.5%; medium-sized cell type and mixed cell type consisted of 4 cases. There was no follicular lymphoma case. A rare sclerosing mediastinal lymphoblastic lymphoma and diffuse large cell lymphomas with T-zone involvement as well as primary epidural Burkitt's lymphomas were found. Immunohistochemical studies using paraffin sections were performed in 43 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and phenotypes of 37 cases were determined as follows; T cell origin in 24, B cell origin in 11 and non-T non-B in 2 cases. Of 25 lymphoblastic lymphomas, LCA was positive only in 11 cases. Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants of Hodgkin's disease reacted with anti-Leu M1 antibody in 3 of 8 examined but not with EMA antibody. This study revealed that the survival was related to sites of the primary lesion, regardless of histological type and immunologic phenotypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Primary spinal epidural Burkitt's lymphoma.

Three Japanese children suffered from symptoms of spinal cord compression, and myelography demonstrated extradural masses compressing the spinal cord at different levels. Decompressive laminectomy revealed epidural tumors which were resected as completely as possible. Histologic pictures of the tumors showed Burkitt's lymphoma, and the diagnosis of primary epidural Burkitt's lymphoma with clinical stage A was made in each case after postoperative examination. Though postoperative radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy were administered to all patients, they only survived for a short period of time.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1987

Nonfamilial hematuria associated with glomerular basement membrane alterations characteristic of hereditary nephritis: comparison with hereditary nephritis.

Characteristic ultrastructural alterations of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) have been reported in hereditary nephritis and in children without a family history of renal disease. The clinical features, renal biopsy findings, and subsequent course were studied retrospectively in 48 children with such GBM changes to compare findings in those with and without a family history of nephritis and to determine the significance of the GBM changes in patients with nonfamilial disease. All 48 patients had hematuria. For 30, there was hematuria in at least one other member of the family (familial hematuria group); for 18, there was no familial incidence. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to clinical and pathologic findings. At the latest follow-up six boys with familial hematuria and three boys with nonfamilial hematuria had reduced renal function, and nine boys with familial hematuria and four boys and one girl with nonfamilial hematuria had neurosensory deafness. Our study results show that children with these GBM changes, with or without a family history of hematuria, tend to have a progressive course, with frequent occurrence of neurosensory deafness, and that the prognosis is more severe in boys. These observations suggest that such GBM changes in patients with nonfamilial hematuria may represent new mutations for hereditary nephritis.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1986

Human chorionic gonadotropin in lung and lung tumors. Immunohistochemical study on unbalanced distribution of subunits.

To demonstrate unbalanced distribution of subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the lung and lung tumors and to clarify its significance in differentiation and carcinogenesis of the lung, immunohistochemistry was performed on human fetus, infant, and adult lungs, and endocrine and nonendocrine tumors of the lung. Tissues were immunostained for alpha-subunits and for beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormones (hCG, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone), serotonin, and gastrin-releasing peptide. Immunoreactive alpha-subunit was first identified in endocrine-like cells at the 39th gestational week, and was found in all infant lungs and two-thirds of adult lungs. The hCG beta-immunoreactive cells were extremely rare in an adult lung, and were not found in fetus or infant lungs. The alpha-subunit-containing cells were present in neuroepithelial bodies, tumorlets, carcinoid tumors, and small cell carcinomas of the lung (SCCL). There were occasionally alpha-subunit-containing cells in non-SCCL but one of the carcinomas also contained many serotonin-positive and gastrin-releasing peptide-positive cells in the same region. All alpha-subunit-immunoreactive cells lacked immunoreactivity for beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormones, except some for hCG beta in one carcinoid tumor. Immunoreactive cells for isolated hCG beta appeared much more frequently in non-SCCL than in SCCL. Most non-SCCL containing hCG beta-positive cells did not show alpha-subunit-immunoreactivity. Thus, immunohistochemical distribution of hCG-subunits was unbalanced and hCG-subunits may be expressed through an independent mechanism, commonly in the lung and lung tumors. The significance of isolated alpha-subunit is further discussed in light of multidirectional differentiation of lung neoplasms (14, 17).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis B antigen in children: a comparison with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis.

The laboratory and pathological findings are reported for 16 children with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and compared with those of 12 children with idiopathic MGN. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in all children with HBV associated MGN and serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in 11 of the 15 examined. Five patients with HBV associated MGN, but none with idiopathic MGN, showed reduced serum C3 values. Otherwise there was no difference in laboratory findings. HBeAg was detected in the glomeruli of all 7 patients with HBV-associated MGN examined but HBsAg was not detected. Of the 14 children with HBV-associated MGN examined by electron microscopy, all but one showed small mesangial deposits and 4 subendothelial deposits, whereas of 9 with idiopathic MGN only 2 showed mesangial deposits and none subendothelial deposits. Thus most of the children with HBV-associated MGN are characterized by some laboratory and pathological features of membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis in addition to those of idiopathic MGN. These observations are consistent with HBV inducing a spectrum of glomerulopathy from typical MGN to typical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A case of membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis type III (Burkholder) with the deposition of both HBeAg and HBsAg.

A case of HB virus associated MPGN type III was described for the first time in a 10 year old Japanese girl. She was followed for a period of 7 years with serial serological work-up and renal biopsy. When she was found seropositive for HBe antigen was stained predominantly in capillary walls, but HBs antigen was also detected in capillary walls and mesangium. The results suggest that both HBe- and HBs antigen antibody immune complexes may play a significant role in the development of HB virus associated nephropathy; HBe antigen for MGN and HBe- and HBs antigens for MPGN type III. Although HB virus associated nephropathy is believed to be a rather benign disorder, the present case warrants a close follow-up because of chronicity of massive proteinuria and renal pathology.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Demonstration of various antigens on paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tissues: trypsin-treated, indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody technique.

Detection of various antigens was performed on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody technique after pretreatment with trypsin digestion. It was revealed that the optimal condition for trypsin digestion of the paraffin sections differed according to the character of antigen and type of tissue, and, under the optimal condition, this method was easily applicable to the regular paraffin sections obtained in the laboratories for routine examinations. This method was also recommended for the detection of the antigens which were usually stained even without trypsin digestion, since it could not only remove the background staining but also uncover the otherwise masked antigen.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis B e antigen-mediated membranous glomerulonephritis. Correlation of ultrastructural changes with HBeAg in the serum and glomeruli.

Immunopathologic findings in the glomeruli of six children with membranous glomerulonephritis who were carriers of hepatitis B virus were compared with serum markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Four of the patients were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum, were grossly proteinuric, and had abnormal liver function tests. Deposition of HBeAg, together with immunoglobulins and beta 1C, was found in the glomeruli of these patients. On electron microscopy, numerous electron-dense deposits were identified on and within the glomerular basement membrane. The remaining two patients were seropositive for antibody against HBeAg (anti-HBe); although they had previously suffered from active membranous glomerulonephritis with massive proteinuria, they were no longer proteinuric at the time of the last renal biopsy. Deposition of HBeAg was not detected in their glomeruli. Electron microscopic observation disclosed numerous electron-lucent areas which had replaced electron-dense deposits, indicating regression of the disease processes. These results delineate the etiologic role of HBeAg in maintaining active membranous changes and suggest that patients with HBeAg-mediated membranous glomerulonephritis may remit as they seroconvert from HBeAg to anti-HBe.

Adolescent↗