Tuberculous peritonitis and ultrasound.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biopsy↗
Biomedical subjects
H Hart
Publications and source records attributed to H Hart.
Early prevention of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition.
Left ventricular dysfunction can be improved with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition started 1 week after myocardial infarction or later. To see whether earlier intervention may confer greater benefit, a double-blind study was carried out in which 100 patients with Q wave myocardial infarction, but without clinical heart failure, were randomly allocated treatment with captopril 50 mg twice daily or placebo starting 24-48 h after onset of symptoms. Left ventricular volumes were measured regularly during 3 months of treatment and after a 48 h withdrawal period by means of two-dimensional echocardiography. The placebo group showed significant increases in left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDVI) and end-systolic (LVESVI) volume indices, with the ejection fraction unchanged. By contrast, the captopril group showed a slight but not significant rise in LVEDVI and a significant reduction in LVESVI with ejection fraction increased significantly. At 3 months there was a 4.6% difference in the change in ejection fraction from baseline between the groups (p less than 0.0001). Most of the treatment benefit was evident at 1 month and there were no changes in left ventricular volumes after 48 h withdrawal of treatment at 3 months. Heart failure requiring treatment with frusemide developed in 7 patients in each group during the study period; 3 of these (1 captopril-treated, 2 placebo-treated) had to be withdrawn from the trial with severe heart failure requiring open treatment. Thus early treatment with captopril is effective in preventing the ventricular dilatation that can occur after Q wave myocardial infarction.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
A study of the experience of Glasgow women in the climacteric years.
Overall, 424 women between 40 and 60 years of age were interviewed with reference to their experience of the menopause; 179 (42%) expressed a 'need for treatment' which was more marked in those who had had a hysterectomy (57%) or oophorectomy (76%). Of those who sought help (174) a large majority (92%) had seen their general practitioner and 72% received some form of drug therapy, predominantly hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or psychotropic drugs. Twenty-eight women were currently having HRT (7%) and 39 (9%) had previously had HRT. Only 12 women (3%) had received greater than 3 years of HRT and nine of these had had an oophorectomy. Only 1% of other women were 'long-term' users of HRT. Of the 424 women 11% expressed dissatisfaction with their general practitioner's approach to this subject.
Adult↗
Study and performance evaluation of statistical methods in image processing.
Two statistical image processing formalisms involving the entropy concept and Bayesian analysis are studied. Iterative imaging algorithms of the formalisms are formulated by employing, for the purpose of performance evaluation and easy implementation, the steepest descent method for the solution of entropy concept and the expectation maximization technique for the solution of Bayesian analysis. Quantitative evaluation and comparison of the convergence performance of the iterative algorithms on computer generated ideal and experimental radioisotope phantom imaging noisy data are given. The study concludes that the entropy algorithm can converge relatively fast, but it is very sensitive to noise in measured data due to the ill-posed nature of inverse problems and its lack of ability to consider the statistics of data fluctuation; while the Bayesian algorithm converges monotonically even with noisy data and has the advantage of considering both the a priori source distribution information and the statistical fluctuation of measured data.
Algorithms↗
Identification and expression of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein with homology to the Epstein-Barr virus BXLF2 product, varicella-zoster virus gpIII, and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein H.
An open reading frame with the characteristics of a glycoprotein-coding sequence was identified by nucleotide sequencing of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genomic DNA. The predicted amino acid sequence was homologous with glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus type 1 and the homologous protein of Epstein-Barr virus (BXLF2 gene product) and varicella-zoster virus (gpIII). Recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed this gene were constructed. A glycoprotein of approximately 86 kilodaltons was immunoprecipitated from cells infected with the recombinant viruses and from HCMV-infected cells with a monoclonal antibody that efficiently neutralized HCMV infectivity. In HCMV-infected MRC5 cells, this glycoprotein was present on nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes, but in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells it accumulated predominantly on the nuclear membrane.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Do polyclonal rheumatoid factors carry an 'internal image' of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and nuclear antigens?
Rabbit antisera have been prepared against isolated rheumatoid factors (RF's). It was considered that RFs are anti-idiotype antibodies and that the anti-RF antisera had anti-anti-idiotype specificity. Furthermore, it was considered that the RF's carry an "internal image" of the putative "antigen X" and that the rabbit antisera would have specificity for this "antigen-X". Reactions of the rabbit antisera with the early and late antigens of CMV, EBV antigens and nuclear antigens suggest that there may be an "internal image" of these antigens in rheumatoid factor molecules and that they all may be related to the immunogenesis of RF.
Animals↗
Fine structure of cells infected with human cytomegalovirus after treatment with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine.
Infection with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is characterized by cytological changes which are readily visualized by electron microscopy using ultrathin sections of infected cells. Treatment of such cells with 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), a potent inhibitor of CMV, is effective when initiated at early or late times after infection and the response to such treatment has been studied by fine structural analysis. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis by DHPG treatment (50 microM) late in virus infection resulted in a cessation of virus growth accompanied by a lack of development and possible regression in skein-like intranuclear inclusions together with a depletion in cytoplasmic dense bodies. Such changes were accompanied by the appearance of nuclear dense bodies. These were also present when virus growth was reduced (5 microM-DHPG) rather than completely inhibited (50 microM-DHPG) by treatment initiated from the time of infection. The nuclear bodies were predominantly of a reticular type structure after the early treatment but mainly of a homogeneous form when virus growth was interrupted at late times. Their presence appeared to be connected with the ability of infected cells to initiate the synthesis of late proteins and their morphology may relate to the extent of such protein synthesis. Unlike cytoplasmic dense bodies, provisional findings on the characterization of the nuclear bodies suggested that the 69K matrix protein was not present in abundance.
Acyclovir↗
[Effectiveness of various immunoglobulin preparations administered by the intravenous route in peritonitis in the rat model].
Intraabdominal sepsis in rats was induced as a sublethal infection (mortality rate of controls: 60%-80%) and as a lethal infection (mortality rate of controls: 100%). The effectivity of different immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations alone or together with an antibiotic combination therapy (gentamicin + piperacillin) was then tested. In sublethal infection, 5 intravenous administrations of three 7S-IgG preparations and a plasmin-treated preparation at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg b.w. were able to reduce lethality only slightly, whereas a 5S-IgG preparation was able to reduce lethality by 30% significantly. Intraperitoneal administration of two 7S-IgG preparations (s-sulfitolysis, 42 degrees C/ammonium sulfate) and the 5S-IgG preparation reduced lethality to 27%, 37% and 47%, respectively, whereas another 7S-IgG (iodoacetamide/dithiothreitol) and a plasmin-treated preparation failed to reduce lethality significantly. The convincing results obtained with the 5S-IgG preparation are probably due to the fact that Fc-mediated side-effects could be avoided. The better effectivity of intraperitoneal compared to intravenous administration can be explained by much higher concentrations of specific antibodies at the site of infection. In the lethal infection model the mortality of animals treated with antibiotics only was 50%. The additional intravenous administration of 7S-IgG (42 degrees C/ammonium sulfate), a plasmin-treated preparation and a 5S-IgG was unable to reduce mortality any further. These findings are in contrast to several publications which postulate synergism of antibiotics and immunoglobulins.
Animals↗
Identification of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B gene and induction of neutralizing antibodies via its expression in recombinant vaccinia virus.
A human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein gene with homology to glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus and gpII of varicella zoster virus has been identified by nucleotide sequencing. The gene has been expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus and the gene product recognized by monoclonal antibodies and human immune sera. Rabbits immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus produced antibodies that immunoprecipitate gB from HCMV-infected cells and neutralize HCMV infectivity in vitro. These data demonstrate a role for this protein in future HCMV vaccines.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Effects and side effects of taurolin in experimental peritonitis in the rat].
Taurolin (2%) was tested in a peritonitis in the rat. In a control group without treatment the mortality was 63% 80 h after infection. Intraperitoneal application of taurolin did not change this mortality rate but delayed the mortality by 8 h. Intravenous administration of taurolin increased mortality to 87%. In a second experimental protocol the dosis of bacteria was increased and 100% of the animals died within 16 h. Gentamicin-Piperacillin therapy reduced the mortality to 50%. With taurolin this effect of antibiotics could not be improved. In both groups taurolin was not able to reduce toxic lung edema. With these results and the knowledge of the literature taurolin cannot be recommended for clinical use.
Animals↗
Temporomandibular joint: magnetic resonance imaging.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the temporomandibular joint was performed in two subjects using a 1.5 T experimental imaging system equipped with a 6.5 cm surface coil antenna. Normal and pathologic anatomy were demonstrated with exquisite detail. Anterior displacement of the joint meniscus was clearly visible in the symptomatic subject, consistent with arthrographic confirmation.
Adult↗
Surface-coil magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory canal.
Computed tomography is effective for detecting acoustic neuromas, but not for resolving individual nerves in the internal auditory canal. Surface-coil magnetic resonance (MR) images of the internal auditory canal were obtained using a 1.5 T superconducting magnet, a 13.5-cm-diameter surface coil, 3- and 5-mm-thick slices, and partial-saturation pulse sequences. Cranial nerves VII and VIII (three branches) were identified on MR images in volunteers and on corresponding cryomicrotomic sections. The nerves were obscured in one patient with an acoustic neuroma. Because high-resolution surface-coil images can demonstrate specific nerves in the internal auditory canal, MR should be a sensitive study to evaluate cranial nerves VII and VIII in patients with facial paralysis and neurosensory hearing loss that is congenital or caused by small acoustic neuromas.
Facial Nerve↗
Continuities of common behaviour problems in preschool children.
This paper describes the prevalence of behaviour problems in 2 populations of preschool children in London, and the continuities over time of common problems. Night waking was the most common problem under the age of 2, being reported in 21% of 1-year-olds. Just under half of these night wakers were still waking at 18 months, and from 18 months to 2 years just over half the children continued waking The continuities of feeding problems were stronger after the age of 2 years, with poor appetite being reported to persist more than food fads. Over 2 years the most common problem reported was temper tantrums, and 45% of the children having frequent tantrums at 2 years were still having frequent tantrums at 3 years. The implications for services and the need for intervention studies are discussed.
Child Behavior Disorders↗
Possible use of monoclonal antibodies to standardize the production and use of human urokinase.
Urokinase, a plasminogen activator found in urine is used in the treatment of pulmonary embolism, and is supplied commercially by several companies in Europe, U.S.A. and Japan. It exists in two forms, of molecular weights 50-55 000 and 33 000 daltons, which may differ in their therapeutic efficiency. A variety of assay systems exist to measure plasminogen activator activity--clot lysis, casein hydrolysis, amidolytic cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates. These assays are time-consuming, relatively insensitive, and cannot accurately assess the amount of the two molecular species in any preparation of urokinase. Standardization therefore presents a problem to manufacturers, control agencies, and clinicians. We have prepared a variety of monoclonal antibodies to human urokinase and have assessed their value as standardizing different commercial preparations of urokinase and measurement of urokinase for therapeutic monitoring.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
The behaviour, development, and health of the young child: implications for care.
Children with recurrent physical illnesses such as infections of the ears and chest are more likely than average to have developmental and behavioural disorders as well. Specialist skills are needed for the assessment and management of these disorders; the belief that "the child will grow out of it" is rarely correct. Any reorganisation of the child health services should take account of the need for children with developmental and behavioural disorders to be treated within the community by doctors and other health workers with the appropriate skills.
Child Behavior Disorders↗
Lack of association of cytomegalovirus with adenocarcinoma of the colon.
Tumor specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and specimens of normal mucosa from the same patients were studied in parallel. Frozen sections of 14 specimens were made and the presence of CMV mRNA assayed by in situ hybridisation using 3H-labelled CMV-DNA as a probe. Nine of these sections were also tested for cytomegalovirus antigens by immunofluorescence. No viral nucleic acids or antigens were detected. In addition to these direct approaches, the specimens were disaggregated and 19 were successfully cultured in various media over several months without yielding virus on any occasion. Areas containing epithelial cells were found in some cultures, foci of bipolar cells in others, while, in several, fibroblastic cells predominated. To ensure that any virus-containing cells were not lost by this method, the disaggregated tumour and normal intestinal cells were directly co-cultivated and also fused with human embryo lung cells, which are permissive for cytomegalovirus replication. The resulting cultures were examined over two to three months for the presence of cytomegalovirus, and in no instance was virus found, despite attempted induction by iododeoxyuridine. Two fusion cultures became contaminated with cytomegalovirus, strain AD-169, which was being handled in the laboratory at the same time. The strain was identified by the pattern of viral DNA fragments produced by restriction endonuclease cleavage. Thus the accidental passage of virus in the heterokaryons did not alter its DNA and would further indicate the absence of any cytomegalovirus genomes in the adenocarcinoma cells.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Lack of association of cytomegalovirus antibody level with carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Serum samples were collected from 199 patients attending a gynaecological clinic, colposcopy specimens being taken at the same time for routine pathology of paraffin sections which ranged from normal, through the degrees of dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Other parameters noted were age, number of pregnancies and time since last pregnancy. When level of antibody to cytomegalovirus in each serum sample was tested by ELISA, anti-complement immunofluorescence and neutralisation, no correlation was found between antibody titre and pathological diagnosis. The only interdependence seen was that, as the age of the patients increased, so did the frequency of sero-positivity to cytomegalovirus. Also in the group studied the frequency of carcinoma in situ was not age dependent.
Adolescent↗
Association of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with mink and rabbit lung cells.
The association of human cytomegalovirus with mink and rabbit lung cells was studied. Strain AD-169 was used which was free of Mycoplasma and other contaminating agents. It was found to be incapable of productively infecting mink lung cells. Infection appeared to be initiated but aborted at an early stage. This was indicated by indirect immunofluorescence, assays of culture supernatants and cell lysates for infectious virus, electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of infected cells, labelling of virus and viral DNA with 3H-thymidine and assay of virally-induced DNA polymerase at various times after infection. On the other hand, using these methods. AD-169 was found to infect rabbit lung cells, the virus being produced in low amounts over a period of up to one month after infection. At this time, focal areas of infection were still apparent and 15 per cent of the cells expressed nuclear viral antigens as shown by immunofluorescence. The viral genome was assumed to have become latent in some rabbit cells with a few being capable of producing infectious virus.
Animals↗