Biomedical subjects

H Horová

Publications and source records attributed to H Horová.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Conservative treatment for the penis carcinoma].

No explicit recommendation has been determined in a treatment for the verified squamous cell penis carcinoma till now. The application of ionizing radiation is included in traditional treatment methods for this disease, in addition to surgical operations and chemotherapy cure. It is possible to apply external radiotherapy or brachy-radiotherapy (a moulage or an intersticial application) as well as their combination. In individual cases it is possible to use chemo-radiotherapy. In the case of the localized tumor a curative radiotherapy can be used as it is more save towards this organ. Radiotherapy has its place in the neoadjuvans treatment with the goal to reduce the disease extent. It can be also used as an adjuvans--postoperatively and paliatively. This review is describing principles of the radiotherapy treatment for this disease.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2004

[Adjuvant radiotherapy in the therapy of uterine cancer in the first clinical stage].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to find the influence of the postoperative radiotherapy on local control and overall survival in patients with carcinoma of the uterus. Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecologic malignity. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are used in the treatment of this disease. The optimal cure strategy has not been established yet. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno. METHODS: We followed up 246 patients with the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. All patients were in clinical stage 1. Median of the age was 60 years. Every patient underwent radical hysterectomy and adnexectomy. Most of them had adjuvant radiotherapy. Combined radiotherapy was used (external beam radiotherapy and brachyradiotherapy). Some of patients underwent only external beam radiotherapy, other had only brachytherapy. We used Kaplan-Meier survival function and methods of Statistica. RESULTS: The median of the follow up was 8.3 years. Local recurrence was proved in 16 cases. The time to the local relapse was 3.2 years. Dissemination occurred in 12 patients. The time to the progression was 5.9 years. Five-year DFS was 80.9%, five-year overall survival was 82.9%. Patients, who had risk factors, were proved to suffer from worse overall survival. The adjuvant radiotherapy improved the local, and the distant control in the group of patients with risk factors. CONCLUSION: The influence of the radiotherapy on the local control was proved in many studies, the influence on the overall survival was not statistically significant. Temporally there is the option not to apply adjuvant radiotherapy. Our study shows the important benefit of the adjuvant treatment in cases of endometrial carcinoma and risk factors.

Endometrial Neoplasms↗

PubMed2003

[Conformal radiotherapy].

The aim of curative radiotherapy is the administration of tumor-lethal dose to an exactly defined target volume with minimal surrounding healthy tissue toxicity. In the conformal radiotherapy it is possible to conform the shape of irradiated volume to an irregular target volume. It allows using more intensive tumor irradiation without increase of the surrounding tissue toxicity. Dose intensification for the tumor tissue significantly improves the local control and thus it can considerably increase the patient's chance for survival. Decrease of the surrounding tissue toxicity can bring about also a higher quality of the patient's life.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

[Concomitant chemoradiotherapy of tumors of the head and neck].

Head and neck carcinomas represent a histopathologically variable group of tumors with different location. Treatment strategy is similar for most of them. Surgery followed with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is a standard treatment. Radiotherapy becomes the main treatment modality in locally progressive or inoperable tumors. Prognostic outcome is rather poor. Use of different fractionation radiotherapy schemes combined with chemotherapy is aimed to improve the treatment results. Results of recent metaanalyses have shown that concomitant chemoradiotherapy can improve overall survival of patients with locally progressive or inoperable disease.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed2003

[Concomitant chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Radiotherapy is a standard treatment method for the nasopharyngeal carcinoma due to the anatomy of these tumors and their easy locoregional spreading. Surgery is used only in case of recurrent or persistent lymph node involvement. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are dose dependent. Results of conventional and fractionation radiotherapy has reached a stable level. Improvement of local control and overall survival depends on new technologies and research results. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy represents a standard method in the treatment of locally progressive disease. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been used in some clinical studies to shorten the treatment time.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed2003

[Adverse effects of concomitant chemoradiotherapy and their prevention and treatment].

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of malignancies. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy improves the local control and overall survival compare to separate treatment modalities. Combined treatment leads to higher toxicity. Most frequent side effects during concomitant chemoradiotherapy are diarrhoea, mucositis, skin reactions and haematologic toxicity. Optimal combination of treatment modalities, fractionation and dosage of radiotherapy, modern planning techniques and use of radioprotective drugs could decrease the treatment toxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2002

[Concomitant radiochemotherapy in rectal tumors].

Requirements for improved cancer control led to the testing of the combined-modality therapy for many types of cancer. This review attempts to analyse possibilities of the simultaneous application of both strategies in the treatment of rectal cancer. Postoperative radiochemotherapy has been shown to be effective in rectum carcinomas. Preoperative combined-modality therapy can ensure downstaging (T3, T4). Operation was carried out 4 to 6 weeks after the end of preoperative therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2002

Treatment of uterine sarcoma. A survey of 49 patients.

PURPOSE: Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are employed in the treatment of uterine sarcoma. We claim to evaluate the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a retrospective study of 49 patients with uterine sarcoma treated from 1990-1999 at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno. All 49 patients had surgery, 19 (38.7%) had adjuvant radiotherapy and 25 (51%) had chemotherapy. Using the FIGO classification: 71.4% had stage I, 6.1% stage II, 16.3%, stage III and 6.1% stage IVa disease. 42.9% of tumors were mixed Müllerian tumors, 34.7% leiomyosarcomas and 22.4% endometrial stromal sarcomas. 12 cases (24.5%) had a local recurrence, 7 (14.3%) had hematogenous dissemination. There was an increased disease free interval (DFI) for patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.005). The DFI was favourably influenced by the stage of the disease. Of 12 patients with a local recurrence only one had postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy had an impact on overall survival (OS). The five-year OS probability was 51.6% without radiotherapy and 88.9% with radiotherapy (p = 0.0066). CONCLUSION: We conclude that postoperative radiotherapy in our series of patients diagnosed with uterine sarcoma has an impact on locoregional and disease-free progression intervals (LRFI, DFI) and overall survival (OS). The most important prognostic factor is the extend of the disease (stage). Stage I patients have a significantly better survival.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic tumors].

Pancreatic tumours belong among oncological diseases with a very poor prognosis. The total five-year survival is 1-2%. Surgical resection with a curative intention increases the probability of five-year survival to 10-20%. However only some 10% tumours are diagnosed in the resectable stage. The reason is the low specificity of initial symptoms. Earlier diagnosis and improvement of survival could be promoted by improvement of imaging methods and endoscopic techniques. Improvement of therapeutic results in selected indications can be achieved by adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, possibly their combination). Treatment of inoperable stages of the disease is focused in particular on improvement of the quality of the patient's life. Its aim is specially to mitigate pain and reduce the consumption of analgesics, to ensure bile derivation or release the passage through the digestive tract. This can lead also to improvement of the patient's general condition. Despite advances in molecular biology of pancreatic cancer the results of systemic treatment remain unsatisfactory in advanced tumours. Nevertheless therapeutic nihilism must not prevail nowadays. It is necessary to use new findings in diagnosis and therapy. Patients with this disease should be included in clinical trials investigating optimal therapeutic procedures.

Humans↗