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Biomedical subjects

H Ida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ida.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Changes in plasma glucose, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and free fatty acids (FFA) following alanine loading in hyperthyroid patients.

The responses of plasma glucose, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and free fatty acids (FFA) following alanine loading (0.1 g/kg) were observed in 9 control subjects and 7 hyperthyroid patients, before and after restoration of thyroid function to normal. Despite the persistence of impaired glucose response to alanine, the blunted IRI and IRG responses in the hyperthyroid state were improved with a significant reduction in fasting IRI and IRG after treatment. Markedly increased FFA following alanine loading in hyperthyroid patients was reduced after treatment, but the FFA concentration remained greater than in the control subjects. We tentatively conclude that the impaired alpha and beta-cell responses to alanine were temporarily induced by the direct and/or indirect effects of thyroid hormone excess.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Partial deficiency of beta-hexosaminidase activity in canine GM2-gangliosidosis.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate (4MUGLc6S) which is known to be a specific substrate for human hexosaminidase A was used to determine enzymatic features of canine GM2-gangliosidosis. The enzyme activity using 4MUGlc6S in affected dog brain and liver was less than 20 to 30% of control tissues, whereas total 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-glucosaminidase activity in canine GM2-gangliosidosis was normal or elevated. However, when beta-hexosaminidase was fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography, beta-hexosaminidase A like fraction in affected dog tissues was reduced to 20 to 30% of control. These data suggest that canine GM2-gangliosidosis is analogous to human juvenile.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics].

Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly synthesized cephalosporin C antibiotic ( CEPs ). The antibacterial activity of CAZ was compared with those of CER, CEZ, CMZ and CPZ against clinical isolates of S. aureus. S. pyogenes. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, and with those of GM and CFS against P. aeruginosa. Against S. aureus, the antibacterial activity of CER was highest, followed by that of CEZ. The peak MIC after inoculation of 100-fold dilution was 0.10 microgram/ml with CER and 0.78 microgram/ml with CEZ. But in view of the peak MIC of 6.25 micrograms/ml, the antibacterial activity of CAZ was inferior to that of CPZ by about 2 tubes. This was not surprising, because CAZ was one of the antibiotics in the fifth group of CEPs . The CEPs in the fifth group naturally show high antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. CAZ , as expected, inhibited the growth of all the strains at the concentration of 0.10 microgram/ml at the inoculation of 100-fold dilution. In the gut bacterial flora such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, CAZ showed the results almost equal to those of other CEPs in the fifth group; the peak MICs of CAZ were 0.20 approximately 0.39, 0.20 approximately 0.39, 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively, at the inoculation of 100-fold dilution, which was good results. In P. mirabilis with the undiluted inoculation, the result of CAZ was slightly inferior to those of the other CEPs in the fifth group previously reported; however, CAZ was prone to be affected by inoculum size, and with the inoculation of 100-fold dilution, MIC of CAZ turned to be as low as 0.10 microgram/ml. Against P. aeruginosa, CAZ showed the activity comparable to that of CFS, the antibiotic considered to have the highest antibacterial activity of all CEPs used in Japan. This finding is in accordance with the findings reported by other authors. The peak MICs of CAZ were 3.13, 12.5 microgram/ml at the inoculation of undiluted solution, and from 1.56 to 3.13 microgram/ml at the inoculation of 100-fold dilution, which were the results equal to, or even better than those of GM. The change in blood levels of CAZ was studied by one shot intravenous injection and 1 hour intravenous drip infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Laboratory and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new 7 alpha-methoxycephem antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied, and the following results were obtained. The antibacterial activities of T-1982 against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa were determined in comparison with those of CER, CEZ, CMZ and CTT. Against S. aureus, CER and CEZ exhibited excellent activity, whereas T-1982 was less active with the peak MIC of 12.5 micrograms/ml even with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The activity of T-1982 was equal to that of CTT and by far superior to that of CER, CEZ and CMZ against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, the peak MICs with the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml being less than or equal to 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml, less than or equal to 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml and 0.2-0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. Against S. marcescens, T-1982 was superior to CMZ and CTT and 48% of the strains were inhibited by 3.13 micrograms/ml or less, whereas all the strains were resistant to CER and CEZ. The MIC of T-1982 against most strains of P. aeruginosa was more than 100 micrograms/ml. 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of T-1982 was administered by one shot intravenous injection or 1 hour drip infusion to 23 pediatric patients to measure serum levels and urinary recovery. At 30 minutes after one shot injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the highest serum levels of 22.0-38.8 micrograms/ml and 52.4-80 micrograms/ml were observed, the half-lives being 1.32 hours and 1.76 hours. When given by 1 hour drip infusion, the serum levels attained the peaks of 29.2-42.6 micrograms/ml and 49.0-75.6 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, the half-lives being 1.24 hours and 1.19 hours. The urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 74.2-92.5% and 50.2-66.5% by one shot injection and 63.4-84.2% and 53.9-79.0% by drip infusion. T-1982 was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of T-1982 in the cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after administration were 4.8-6.7 micrograms/ml with the CSF/serum ratios of 4.4-8.4%. A total of 36 pediatric patients (21 cases of respiratory tract infection, 9 cases of urinary tract infection and each 1 case of purulent cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, purulent meningitis, acute colitis, peritonitis and sinusitis) was treated with 40-80 mg/kg/day of T-1982 (252.6 mg/kg/day in purulent meningitis). The response was excellent in 27 patients and good in 7 patients, the efficacy rate being 94.4%. Diarrhea or eruption were observed in each 1 case. No abnormal laboratory findings were noted in any cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpiramide (CPM), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin were performed and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of CPM was investigated in comparison with those of CTT, CPZ, CEZ, LMOX and CFS. Against clinical isolates of S. aureus, CPM was superior to CTT and LMOX, but almost similar to CPZ and inferior to CEZ. Against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens, CPM showed the activity almost similar to that of CEZ, but inferior to those of the others. On the contrary, the activity of CPM against P. aeruginosa was satisfactory and was superior to those of CTT, CPZ and LMOX, but slightly inferior to that of CFS. Blood level and urinary recovery Twenty mg/kg of CPM was given intravenously at one shot to 3 patients. The mean serum levels of CPM were 116.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 90.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 71.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 55.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 24.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 19.3 micrograms/ml at 9 hours and 12.1 micrograms/ml at 12 hours after administration, respectively. The mean half-life was very long and the value was 3.85 hours. The urinary recovery rates in 2 cases were 18.31 and 21.47% respectively up to 12 hours after administration. Clinical results and side effects CPM was given intravenously to 30 diseases including 11 cases of bronchopneumonia, 3 cases of bronchopneumonia and pleurisy, 2 cases of bronchitis, 4 cases of purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of pyelonephritis and each one case of pyothorax, parotitis, cellulitis, otitis media and salmonellosis. CPM was effective in 29 out of 30 cases, and the effective rate was 96.7%. As side effects, 2 cases of fever and 1 case of cough were observed, but no abnormality in clinical laboratory findings was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Anti-allergic activities of the beta-adrenoceptor stimulant formoterol (BD 40A).

The effects of formoterol (BD 40A) on the rat and guinea-pig hypersensitivity reactions and on mouse IgE antibody formation was investigated. The inhibitory effect of intravenously (i.v.) and perorally (p.o.) administered formoterol on (mouse) IgE-mediated 24-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats was 6.3 and 33 times, respectively, more potent than that of salbutamol. This action was antagonized by pretreatment with propranolol. Formoterol at the dose exhibiting considerable PCA inhibition had no effect on histamine- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced skin reactions. Formoterol, administered i.v. or p.o., inhibited (guinea-pig) IgE-mediated 8-day PCA in guinea-pigs. In the isolated guinea-pig lung, both formoterol and salbutamol exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release. However, in the isolated rat mesenterium these two drugs showed only partial inhibition of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation, whereas disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) manifested dose-dependent inhibition. Neither formoterol nor salbutamol affected the hapten-specific IgE antibody response in female BDF1 mice.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

[General pharmacology of (alpha RS)-3-formamido-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[(alpha RS)-p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl]amino]methyl] benzyl alcohol fumarate dihydrate (BD 40A), a new bronchodilator agent (author's transl)].

General pharmacological properties of BD 40A, a new bronchodilator agent, were investigated and the following results were obtained. BD 40A showed no effect on the central nervous system, and little effect on the autonomic nervous system. BD 40A produced an increase in heart and respiration rates, a decrease in blood pressure, and change in ECG in both anesthetized dogs and conscious animals. These effects of BD 40A were inhibited by propranolol (beta-blocker) administration. BD 40A potentiated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Beagle dogs. The pharmacological profile of BD 40A was similar to that of hexoprenaline which was used as the reference compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cardiorespiratory activitirs of 3-formylamino-4-hydroxy-alpha-(n-1-methyl-2-p-methoxyphenethylaminomethyl)-benzylalcohol-hemifumarate(BD 40A) and some other beta-adrenoceptor stimulants in conscious guinea pigs.

The beta-stimulant activity of 3-formylamino-4-hydroxy-alpha-(N-1-methoxyphenethylaminomethyl)-benzylalcohol-hemifumarate (BD 40A) was compared with those of isoproterenol, orciprenaline, trimetoquinol and salbutamol in conscious guinea pigs. Bronchodilator effects of BD 40A were most potent among five agonists by s.c., oral and aerosol administration, and were lasting by oral and aerosol administration. BD 40A was similar to isoproterenol, more potent than trimetoquinol, orciprenaline and salbutamol in increasing heart rate by s.c. route. The cardiostimulating effect of BD 40A was more potent than that of isoproterenol, trimetoquinol and salbutamol orally. However, the order of bronchoselectivity (ratio between ED30 beats/min vs. ED50) in conscious guinea pigs was salbutamol greater than BD 40A = trimetoquinol greater than orciprenaline greater than isoproterenol by s.c. administration, and by oral administration the order was BD 40A = salbutamol greater than trimetoquinol = isoproterenol. Orciprenaline showed no beta-stimulating effect in guinea pigs orally. In guinea pigs, BD 40A, like salbutamol, seems to be a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of the action of BD 40 A and some other beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on the isolated trachea and atria of the guinea pig.

3-Formylamino-4-hydroxy-a-(N-1-methyl-2-p-methoxyphenethyl-aminomethyl)-benzylalcohol hemifumarate (BD 40A) was compared with isoproterenol, orciprenaline, trimetoquinol and salbutamol for its beta-adrenergic activity and selectivity in vitro. On trachea, the maximum relaxing responses to five agonists were similar, but the order of potency was BD 40A greater than trimetoquinol greater than isoproterenol greater than or equal to salbutamol greater than orciprenaline. On atria, the maximum chronotropic and inotropic responses to isoproterenol were greater than those to BD 40A, orciprenaline and trimetoquinol, and salbutamol caused the weakest cardiac stimulating effect. Namely, the latter four drugs appeared to be partial agonists on atria. Salbutamol showed the high selectivity for trachea, whereas orciprenaline and trimetoquinol were equipotent on trachea and atria. Isoproterenol was more potent on atria than on trachea. BD 40A had the highest bronchoselectivity among five agonists and seemed to act on the beta-adrenergic receptor directly.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1976

Antitussive activity and other related pharmacological properties of d-3-methyl-N-methylmorphinan (AT-17).

Antitussive activity and some other related pharmacological properties of d-3-methyl-N-methylmorphinan were studied. Toxic symptoms in mice and dogs were due to the CNS excitation. Acute toxicity of (AT-17) in mice was slightly (s.c.) or far (p.o.) weaker than that of codeine, but it was three times as toxic as codeine in dogs (i.v.). Antitussive efficacy was about 40% of that of codeine in dogs, whereas 77% as potent as codeine in cats. It showed no relaxing effect on the bronchial muscle of guinea pigs in either normal tone or histamine-induced spasms. It had analgesic effect 1/3 as potent as codeine in mice but it was not antagonized by levallorphan. The prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time by AT-17 was similar extent to that by codeine. Anti-electroshock effect was half as potent as that of phenobarbital. The inhibitory effect on the transportation of intestinal contents in mice was far weaker than that of codeine. Effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems were also investigated.

Analgesia↗