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Biomedical subjects

H Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to H Ishida.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Milk basic protein increases bone mineral density and improves bone metabolism in healthy young women.

UNLABELLED: Effect of milk basic protein on bone metabolism in healthy young women. INTRODUCTION: Milk has more beneficial effects on bone health than other food sources. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that milk whey protein, especially its basic protein fraction (milk basic protein, MBP), contains several components capable of promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The object of this study was to examine the effect of MBP on the bone mineral density and bone metabolism of healthy young women. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy young women were randomly assigned to treatment with either placebo or MBP (40 mg per day) for 6 months. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 of each subject was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 0 and 6 months of treatment. Serum and urine indexes of bone metabolism were measured at 0, 3 and 6 months. All subjects completed the study in accordance with the protocol. RESULTS: The mean rate of gain of lumbar BMD in the MBP group (1.57%) was significantly higher than in the placebo group (0.13%, P=0.042). When compared with the placebo group, urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type-I collagen (NTx) were significantly decreased, and serum osteocalcin was significantly increased in the MBP group at 6 months. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that MBP supplementation was effective in increasing BMD in young women and that this increase in BMD may be primarily mediated through the promotion of bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption by MBP supplementation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Folate intakes and folate biomarker profiles of pregnant Japanese women in the first trimester.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the status of dietary folate intake, serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate, and related nutritional biomarkers in healthy Japanese women in early pregnancy. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: Pregnant women in the first trimester, at 7-15 weeks gestation (n=70), who were not consuming any folate supplements or folate fortified foods. METHODS: Three-day dietary records were obtained from each subject to assess dietary folate intake. Blood samples were collected for measurement of biomarkers. Biomarkers and nutrient intake were analyzed in two groups defined by their serum folate concentrations: the low folate group (serum folate < 9 ng/ml) and the high folate group (serum folate > or = 9 ng/ml). RESULT: Mean serum and RBC folate concentrations in all subjects were 10.3 and 519 ng/ml, respectively. These levels were remarkably higher than the reported values from many other countries despite our subjects receiving no folic acids supplements. However, mean folate intake by our subjects from natural foods was 289 microg/day, which is thought to be low according to the Japanese dietary recommendation specified for pregnant women. The intake of spinach and fruits was significantly greater in the high folate group than in the low folate group. CONCLUSION: Folate intake was thought to be adequate to maintain a desirable level of serum folate concentration in Japanese pregnant women in the first trimester, although the intake of folate from natural food was not high enough to meet the recommended daily intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hippocampal synapsin I, growth-associated protein-43, and microtubule-associated protein-2 immunoreactivity in learned helplessness rats and antidepressant-treated rats.

Learned helplessness rats are thought to be an animal model of depression. To study the role of synapse plasticity in depression, we examined the effects of learned helplessness and antidepressant treatments on synapsin I (a marker of presynaptic terminals), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43; a marker of growth cones), and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2; a marker of dendrites) in the hippocampus by immunolabeling. (1) Learned helplessness rats showed significant increases in the expression of synapsin I two days after the attainment of learned helplessness, and significant decreases in the protein expression eight days after the achievement of learned helplessness. Subchronic treatment of naïve rats with imipramine or fluvoxamine significantly decreased the expression of synapsin I. (2) Learned helplessness increased the expression of GAP-43 two days and eight days after learned helplessness training. Subchronic treatment of naïve rats with fluvoxamine but not imipramine showed a tendency to decrease the expression of synapsin I. (3) Learned helplessness rats showed increased expression of MAP-2 eight days after the attainment of learned helplessness. Naïve rats subchronically treated with imipramine showed a tendency toward increased expression of MAP-2, but those treated with fluvoxamine did not. These results indicate that the neuroplasticity-related proteins synapsin I, GAP-43, and MAP-2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanisms of antidepressants.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Portal systemic shunt through the renal vein.

BACKGROUND: Despite the semi-routine use of color Doppler sonography for evaluating portal circulation abnormalities, there is a relative paucity of detailed color Doppler findings of portal systemic (P-S) shunt through the renal vein (P-SR shunt). METHODS: We reviewed the color Doppler findings of 18 patients with P-SR shunt to determine its clinical significance and appropriate scanning techniques for diagnosing accurately P-SR shunt. RESULTS: The splenorenal shunt was imaged as a highly tortuous vessel at the splenic hilum, which then coursed backward behind the spleen. Splenic vein flow was reversed or very slow. The gastrorenal shunt originated from the splenic vein, coursed backward, and joined the left renal vein. Flow direction in the splenic vein was always hepatopetal. The P-S shunt through the right renal vein originated from duodenal or jejunal varices, coursed posterolaterally, and joined the right renal vein at the renal hilum. CONCLUSION: Familiarity with these color Doppler findings will help increase the diagnostic confidence of P-SR shunt by color Doppler sonography.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after isolated central nervous system relapse: our experiences and review of the literature.

The prognosis of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and central nervous system (CNS) relapse has historically been very poor. Although chemo-radiotherapy has improved outcomes, some patients still have a poor prognosis after CNS relapse. Therefore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) has recently become an option for treatment of CNS leukemia; however, information, particularly on the long-term outcome of transplant recipients, is limited. We performed allo-SCT in eight pediatric patients with ALL (n=7) or T-cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n=1), who had isolated CNS relapse. All patients survived for a median of 70.5 (range, 13-153) months after SCT. Sequelae developed late in some patients: mental retardation (IQ=47) in one patient, severe alopecia in two patients, limited chronic graft-versus-host-disease in three patients, and amenorrhea and/or hypothyroidism in three patients. Except for a pre-school child with post transplant CNS relapse, six out of seven patients show normal school/social performance. Our results clearly indicate a high cure rate of isolated CNS relapse by allo-SCT in pediatric lymphoid malignancies; however, there needs to be further studies to determine which are the appropriate candidates for transplantation and what is the best transplant regimen to achieve high cure rate and maintain good quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Electromyographic activity of selected trunk muscles during bicycle ergometer exercise and walking.

Recently, active treatment such as exercise has been increasingly advocated for CLBP (chronic low back pain). Specially, exercise to improve fitness has been recommended for the prevention of back injuries. The bicycle ergometer or walking have often been used to improve the fitness of CLBP patients. However, little is known about the activity levels of the trunk muscles during such exercise. In this study, the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the trunk muscles during bicycle ergometer exercises and walking were compared and the load level on these muscles during such exercises was investigated. The present study provides basic information concerning fitness exercise in CLBP patients. Eleven healthy male volunteers (21.7 +/- 2.5 years old) without low back pain participated in the study. Bipolar surface electrodes were attached to the right side of the rectus abdominis, the obliquus externus abdominis and lower back extensor muscles (L3). EMG signals were continuously recorded while walking and during gradual loading exercises and normalized to maximal voluntary contractions (% MVC). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the % MVC from each exercise and walking for each of the three trunk muscle sites (p < 0.05). The rectus abdominis muscle showed activity of about 6% MVC during any grade of exercise and walking and no significant differences were found between these forms of exercise. The obliquus externus abdominis muscle showed about 30% MVC during any grade of exercise and walking, but no significant difference was found between them. The low back muscles showed activity of about 12% MVC while walking, whereas activity level increased as the exercise load using the bicycle ergometer increased. More significant low back muscles activity was observed while walking than during exercises of 25 w and 50 w. The results of this study indicated that exercise using the bicycle ergometer should be useful for maintaining or improving fitness in CLBP patients, because it results in less load on the trunk muscles and relatively more oxygen uptake than walking.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2005

Effect of dynamical coulomb correlations on the fermi surface of Na0.3CoO2.

The t(2g) quasiparticle spectra of Na(0.3)CoO(2) are calculated within the dynamical mean field theory. It is shown that as a result of dynamical Coulomb correlations charge is transferred from the nearly filled e(g(')) subbands to the a(1g) band, thereby reducing orbital polarization among Co t(2g) states. Dynamical correlations therefore stabilize the small e(g(')) Fermi surface pockets, in contrast to angle-resolved photoemission data, which do not reveal these pockets.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone administration in neonatal rats alters the immunoreactivity of hippocampal synapsin I, neuropeptide Y and glial fibrillary acidic protein at post-puberty.

It is well documented that neurosteroids administered during the neonatal period influence the development of several brain systems. In our previous study, pregnenolone administered to rats during the neonatal period altered adenosinergic and dopaminergic functions in the striatum and cerebral cortex. The present study examined the effects of the treatment with pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from the postnatal day (P) 3-P7 on synapsin I (a marker for presynaptic terminals) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP: a marker for astroglia) levels in the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats at 3 and 7 weeks of age. In addition, neuropeptide Y and dynorphin A immunoreactivity was measured. The administration of pregnenolone and DHEA to neonatal rats significantly altered the expression of synapsin I in the dentate gyrus and CA3 region at post-puberty but not at pre-puberty. A significantly greater expression of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes or processes was demonstrated in the pregnenolone- and DHEA-treated groups at both pre-puberty and post-puberty. A significant increase in the number and size of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes and in the extension of arborization was seen in the overall hippocampus. The number of neuropeptide Y-positive cells in the hilus region was also significantly increased in the neurosteroid-treated group at post-puberty. No differences were detected in dynorphin A immunoreactivity among the experimental groups. These results of this study suggest that pregnenolone and DHEA play an important role in the development of hippocampus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A prospective randomized trial of either famotidine or omeprazole for the prevention of bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection and the healing of endoscopic mucosal resection-induced ulceration.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that inhibitors of gastric acid secretion prevent bleeding after endoscopic mucosal resection for mucosal gastric neoplasm. However, uncertain whether an histamine2-receptor antagonist or proton-pump inhibitor is more effective. AIM: To evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of famotidine or omeprazole for ulcer management after endoscopic mucosal resection. METHODS: From July 2003 to October 2004, 57 patients were randomly assigned to famotidine or omeprazole for the management of endoscopic mucosal resection. Both drugs were given intravenously for the first 2 days, thereafter by mouth. The bleeding rates after endoscopic mucosal resection, the effects on the healing of endoscopic mucosal resection-induced ulceration, and cost-benefits were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients received famotidine and 29 received omeprazole. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in patient characteristics. The bleeding rates after endoscopic mucosal resection were not significantly different (18% vs. 14%) between the groups. Similarly, no differences were seen in the size of the endoscopic mucosal resection-induced ulceration at 1, 30 and 60 days after resection between groups. The total costs of anti-secretory agents demonstrated a significant cost-benefit to those treated with famotidine (10,420 yen vs. 17,782 yen). CONCLUSIONS: Famotidine is suggested as a better alternative to omeprazole for the management of endoscopic mucosal resection, as it showed a clear cost-benefit, and the healing results after endoscopic mucosal resection were similar for the two treatment strategies.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Antibiotic selection patterns in acutely febrile new outpatients with or without immediate testing for C reactive protein and leucocyte count.

BACKGROUND: Excessive use of broad spectrum antibiotics is related to the spread of drug resistant bacterial strains in the community. AIM/METHODS: The effects of immediate testing for C reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) on physicians' choices of antibiotic was investigated in patients with acute infection. Acutely febrile new outpatients were randomised into two groups: group 1 (147 patients) underwent CRP and WBC testing before initial consultation (advance testing). Prescriptions were compared with those in group 2 (no advance testing; 154 patients). RESULTS: In non-pneumonic acute respiratory tract infections, 61 (58%) and 122 (91%) of group 1 and 2 patients were prescribed antibiotics, respectively. Cefcapene pivoxil (third generation cephalosporin) and amoxicillin were the most frequently chosen drugs for group 1 and 2, respectively. Total prescriptions of newer, extended spectrum antibiotics (cefcapene pivoxil and clarithromycin (advanced macrolide)) were reduced by 25% in group 1, although they increased in rate (41 (67%) v 55 (45%) prescriptions) because of the decreased prescription of amoxicillin. In group 1, cefcapene pivoxil was preferentially selected when WBC values were greater than 9 x 10(9)/litre. Prescription shifted to macrolides (mainly clarithromycin) in patients without leucocytosis. Patient treatment outcome did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of CRP and WBC data during initial consultation greatly reduced prescription of amoxicillin, but had a lesser effect on newer, potent, broad spectrum antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Minilaparotomy approach for colonic cancer: initial experience of 54 cases.

BACKGROUND: The early outcomes of minilaparotomy for resection of colonic cancer were evaluated. METHODS: In this study, 54 patients (34 Dukes' A, 15 Dukes' B, and 5 Dukes' C) successfully underwent curative resection of colonic cancer via minilaparotomy (skin incision, > or = 7 cm). The major exclusion criteria for this approach required a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2, a tumor size exceeding 7 cm, a preoperative ileus, and tumor invading the adjacent organs. Patients (n = 54) who had undergone conventional open surgery before the introduction of this technique served as the control group by matching several clinicopathologic factors including body mass index. RESULTS: The passage of flatus (p < 0.01) and the beginning of oral intake (p = 0.02) were earlier, analgesic requirements were lower (p < 0.01), and postoperative serum C-reactive protein levels were lower in the minilaparotomy group (p < 0.01). The blood loss and frequency of postoperative complications did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: A minilaparotomy approach is a feasible, minimally invasive, and attractive alternative to conventional laparotomy for selected patients with colonic cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Influence of different pneumoperitoneal pressures on tumor cell distribution in rats.

BACKGROUND: The effect of different pneumoperitoneal pressures on tumor cell distribution was investigated. METHODS: Donryu rats were allocated to receive carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum at 5, 10, or 15 mmHg for 60 min or to serve as a control. During the procedure, each rat was inoculated with radiolabeled ascites hepatoma cells via the portal vein (experiment 1) or femoral vein (experiment 2). In both experiments, the rats were killed 30, 60, 90, or 120 min after tumor cell inoculation, and the liver and lungs were extirpated for radioactivity count (n = 5 or 6 for each time point in each group). RESULTS: In experiment 1, the percentage of injected dose (% ID) for the liver was greater than for the other three groups 120 min after tumor cell inoculation. There were no significant differences in the %IDs of the lungs at any time point among the groups. In experiment 2, there were no significant differences in the %IDs of the liver and lungs at any time point among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an elevated insufflation pressure facilitates the location of intraportally injected tumor cells in the liver, and that pulmonary location of the tumor cells may not depend on insufflation pressures in this animal model.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Transplantation of pediatric cadaveric kidneys into adult or pediatric recipients.

In Japan, nationwide cadaveric organ sharing for kidney transplantation by the Japan Organ Transplant Network (JOTN) has operated since April 1995. This study retrospectively analyzed the long-term results of single pediatric donor kidneys transplanted into adult or pediatric recipients at a single center. From March 1983 to December 2002, 281 cadaveric renal allografts were transplanted at our center, including, 17 recipients of cadaveric kidneys from donors aged less than 16 years. We divided these 17 recipients into two groups: 10 adult recipients (group 1; G1) and seven pediatric recipients (group 2; G2). HLA-AB, -DR mismatches were 1.3 +/- 1.3, 0.7 +/- 0.5 in G1 and 2.6 +/- 1.3, 1.4 +/- 0.8 in G2, respectively (P < .05 for both). The end of the observation of this study was March 2003. Among G1, two recipients died with functioning grafts and one died after graft loss. Among G2, no recipients died. Patient survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 90% and 80% in G1 and 100% and 100% in G2, respectively. At the end of the observation in this study, five recipients among G1 and six recipients among G2 had functioning grafts. Graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 90% and 80% in G1 and 85.7% and 85.7% in G2, respectively. Our results demonstrate that transplantation of pediatric cadaveric kidneys into pediatric recipients was excellent compared to adult recipients in terms of survival. Priority to pediatric patients should be given especially in cases of pediatric donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impact of fluvastatin on hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease with hyperlipidemia. Many recipients have preexisting cardiovascular disease at the time of transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy may aggravate existing risk factors or promote development of new risk factors, notably hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Fluvastatin is one of the statins, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, which has been shown to be effective in lowering cholesterol levels. We treated hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation with Fluvastatin for more than 6 months. We attempted to clarify the efficacy of fluvastatin on hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients. MATERIALS: Forty-five renal transplant recipients with hyperlipidemia were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 44.2 years, with 23 men and 22 women. Thirty-seven transplantations were from a living related donors and eight from cadaveric donors. Thirty-three recipients were ABO-compatible, seven recipients had minor mismatches, and five recipients were ABO-incompatible. The dose of fluvastatin was 20 mg per day. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), serum creatinine (s-Cr), ALT, ALP, uric acid (UA), hematocrit (Ht), CPK, and blood pressure were examined in all recipients before treatment as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after Fluvastatin administration. RESULTS: The mean levels of TC and TG were significantly reduced from 256, to 224 and 215 mg/dL, and from 188 to 170 and 147 mg/dL at 1 and 6 months after treatment, respectively. The mean levels of HDL-C were 72 mg/dL before treatment, 81 mg/dL at 1 month, and 80 mg/dL at 6 months after treatment. The mean levels of LDL-C were 153 mg/dL before treatment, 145 mg/dL at 1 month, and 145 mg/dL at 6 months after treatment. Fluvastatin significantly produced a reduction rate in TC of 16%, TG of 22%, and LDL-C of 5% after 6 months of treatment, respectively. The mean levels of HDL-C of were increased 10% after 6 months of treatment. The serum creatinine and CPK were not significantly different. There were no clinically significant differences in other factors. No significant adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Fluvastatin seemed to be safe and highly effective to control TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C in renal transplant recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of IgM anti-blood type antibody monitoring by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after renal transplantation across the blood barrier: high-dose immunoglobulin administration blocks IgM rather than IgG anti-blood type antibodies.

We used an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the presence of subtypes of anti-blood-type antibodies in patients with biopsy-proven humoral rejection after ABO-incompatible renal transplantation. High agglutinin IgG and IgM anti-blood type antibodies from 12 ABO-incompatible recipients with vascular rejection were separately assessed using an ELISA. Patients who exhibited excellent renal function despite high agglutinin titers of anti-blood-type antibodies(n = 8) were also examined. All 12 rejection patients exhibited highly elevated titers of IgG and IgM, while the eight stable patients exhibited only slightly elevated IgG titers, but not IgM. IgG and IgM titers did not change after plasmapheresis and steroid pulse therapy, whereas IVIg treatment significantly blocked both IgG and IgM, with IgM being blocked to a larger extent than IgG. Blocking of IgM seems to play an important role in improving ABO-incompatible grafts.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed2004

Impact of positive PRA on the results of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the continuing shortage of cadaveric donors in Japan, ABO-incompatible living kidney transplantation (LKT) is being performed. It is well known that highly sensitized patients with positive panel reactive antibodies (PRA) often present with acute rejection. Therefore, we examined the impact of a positive PRA on the results of ABO-incompatible LKT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven recipients underwent ABO-incompatible LKT between January 1989 and March 2003. Of these patients, 37 who had been examined for PRA before transplantation were included in this study. There were 25 men and 12 women of mean age 37.3 years. Plasmapheresis was performed to remove anti-ABO antibodies before transplantation. During the induction phase, methylprednisolone, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine or tacrolimus were used for immunosuppression. Splenectomy was performed at the time of kidney transplantation in all patients. PRA was measured using FlowPRA by flow cytometer. RESULTS: Eight of the 37 patients had a positive PRA before transplantation (class I, 5; class II, 1; class I and class II, 2). The incidence of acute rejection was 37.9% in the patients with a negative PRA and 37.5% in patients with a positive PRA. One patient with a negative PRA and one patient with a positive PRA lost grafts due to acute rejection. CONCLUSIONS: Positive PRA may not increase the incidence of acute rejection in ABO-incompatible LKT because plasmapheresis and splenectomy are performed to eliminate anti-ABO antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of cause of death with a functioning graft: a single-center experience.

INTRODUCTION: After the introduction of new immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, we have achieved excellent results for kidney transplantation with a low acute rejection rate. Currently, nonimmunological factors are considered to be the main cause of graft loss for long-term transplant patients. In this study, we analyzed the cause of death with a functioning graft. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed 1375 cases of living kidney transplantation (LKT) and 219 cases of cadaveric kidney transplantation (CKT) between January 1983 and December 2002. Of these patients, 86 LKT patients and 19 CKT patients died with a functioning graft. RESULTS: The mean duration of graft function was 4.8 +/- 4.5 years. The incidence of the causes of death were: infection, 24%; stroke, 17%; cardiovascular disease, 16%; malignant disease, 15%; hepatic failure, 11%; gastric ulcer, 4%; and accident/suicide 2%. Five- and 10-year graft survivals for LKT were 80.2 and 62.0%, respectively. The corresponding values for patients (with the exception of the patients who died with a functioning graft) was 83.0% and 66.1%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year graft survival rates for cadaveric kidney transplants were 70.8% and 48.9%, respectively. The corresponding values for patients (with the exception of the patients who died with a functioning graft) were 75.3% and 52.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: To prevent death with a functioning graft, management of vascular disorders such as stroke and cardiovascular disease, malignant disease, and infectious disease is crucial for kidney transplant patients.

Adult↗