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Biomedical subjects

H Itabashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Itabashi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Thickening of basement membrane of muscle capillary in spontaneously diabetic KK mice.

In order to clarify the relationship between the thickening of muscle capillary basement membrane (MCBM) and diabetes mellitus, an experimental study was carried out using spontaneously diabetic KK mice. Glucose tolerance tests and the measurements of the width of MCBM were performed in KK mice and DD mice at the age of one week through 16 months. The KK mice, in general, revealed a less increase in body weight, compared with the control mice. Impaired glucose tolerance in the KK mice was observed at the age of 2 weeks and remained for 12 months. The width of MCBM increased in both KK and DD mice with the aging process until 6 months. Thereafter, however, the KK mice revealed a significant increase of the width of MCBM. In both KK mice and DD mice, significant correlations were observed between age and the width of MCBM. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between glucose intolerance figured out as the sum of blood glucose levels and the width of MCBM. The present study suggests that the thickening of MCBM in the KK mice may occur as an aging phenomenon on the one hand and may develop as the consequence of long-term carbohydrate derangement based on genetic disposition on the other hand.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Metachromatic leukodystrophy without arylsulfatase A deficiency.

Two siblings of consanguinous parents were noted to have a neurologic syndrome marked by developmental delay, regression of psychomotor performance, marked spasticity and progressive central nervous system degeneration. Markedly delayed nerve conduction times and a sural nerve biopsy which demonstrated changes typical of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) were evident. Impairment of sulfated glycolipid metabolism was documented by analysis of glycospingolipid in urinary sediment. In spite of these findings, activities of arylsulfatase A and cerebroside sulfatidase in white blood cells and cultured skin fibroblasts were near normal. However, when intact growing fibroblasts were loaded with 35SO4-sulfatide a clear defect in sulfatide cleavage, comparable to that seen in MLD patients, was observed. Thus, these patients represent a new form of sulfatide storage disease -- MLD characterized by intact enzyme activity in cell homogenates but defective sulfolipid metabolism in vivo and in intact fibroblasts.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Recurrent intracerebral blastomycotic granuloma: diagnosis and treatment.

We present a patient with a recurrent intracerebral blastomycotic granuloma. The computerized tomographic scan appearance of this lesion is illustrated. Of the 81 reported cases of intracranial blastomycosis, only 35 have represented solid intracerebral lesions; the other patients have had spinal lesions or meningitis. This patient represents the first reported recurrence of an intracerebral blastomycotic granuloma. The treatment utilized, surgical resection combined with intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin B, represents a unique approach to this problem. The diagnosis and currently advocated treatment of intracranial blastomycosis is reviewed, particularly in regard to the potential for recurrence of blastomycosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Insulin response to glucose or glucagon in subclinical diabetes previously injected with tolbutamide.

Thirty-one patients with subclinical diabetes, who showed diabetic or impaired glucose tolerance after treatment for diabetes, were investigated in order to clarify the abnormalities of insulin response in diabetes mellitus. These patients showed a delayed response of plasma insulin during oral glucose loading. In the tolbutamide-glucose test, in which glucose loading followed the intravenous tolbutamide injection at a 60-min interval, the insulin level at 90 min was significantly lowered in a group of 20 patients with subclinical diabetes. In the tolbutamide-glucagon test, in which 1 mg of glucagon was injected 60 min after tolbutamide injection, the maximal level of plasma insulin was significantly decreased in a group of 10 subclinical diabetes except for one patient. These results indicate that insulinogenesis and/or release of insulin were decreased even in subclinical diabetes, suggesting that such a defect in islet function might be one of the abnormalities in primary diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1977

Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin response in subclinical diabetes after treatment.

In this study, 121 patients who showed diabetic or decreased glucose tolerance and were treated with diet alone for one to fifteen years were investigated as subclinical diabetes. Glucose tolerance in these patients was improved or remained unchanged during the clinical course. Aggravation in glucose tolerance was observed in only seven cases. However, abnormalities in glucose tolerance were still found in 107 cases (88%) of the subclinical diabetes. Insulin response to oral glucose was investigated in 74 patients with subclinical diabetes. Delayed response and/or decreased response in the initial phase were demonstrated in 58 out of 74 patients (79%). No significant difference was observed in the insulinogenic index (ratio of insulin increment/glucose increment) at 30 min between the normal controls and either group with abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetic retinopathy, including microaneurysm, was detected in 25 out of 109 patients with diabetic glucose tolerance. Abnormal insulin response, delayed and/or decreased, was demonstrated in 13 of 16 patients with diabetic retinopathy (81%). These results indicate the possibility that subclinical diabetes in the present study is a mild type of primary diabetes. In addition, it is suggested that abnormal response of plasma insulin to glucose, delayed and/or decreased, might be one of the prominent findings in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Purification of canine gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) and its insulin releasing activity.

In order to clarify the nature of the biological action of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI), GLI was extracted from the mucosa of the canine intestine and purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography. 1500 gm of the mucosa yielded approximately 7 gm of crude extract of GLI. This crude extract was applied to a column packed with Sephadex G-50 or Bio-Gel P-10 and two peaks were obtained, Peak I and II. Each peak was purified with affinity chromatography, bound to gamma-globulin of anti-glucagon rabbit-serum. In this step, the GLI was purified approximately 80 times in comparison with the crude extract. Peak I or Peak II, as well as pancreatic glucagon, was infused successively into the pancreaticoduodenal artery of the anesthetized dogs. When buffer solution or the Peak I GLI was infused, the plasma immunoreactive insulin in the pancreatic vein did not change significantly. In contrast, both the Peak II and pancreatic glucagon promoted insulin secretion from the pancreas. The results obtained in this experiment demonstrate the promotion of insulin release from the pancreas and suggest an important role of gut GLI in the absorption and metabolic processing of nutrients.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Chronic progressive panencephalitis due to rubella virus simulating subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Late-onset chronic progressive panencephalitis developed in a 12-year-old boy with congenital rubella syndrome from whose brain rubella virus was isolated. Progressive dementia began at eight, and ataxia, choreiform movements, myoclonic seizures, and fine perimacular pigmentation appeared at 11 years of age. The cerebrospinal fluid was minimally pleocytotic and had a total protein of 156 mg per deciliter, of which 52 per cent was gamma globulin. Electroencephalography demonstrated generalized medium and occasional high-voltage slowing without burst suppression. The antibody titer to rubella virus (hemagglutination inhibition) was 1:8192 in serum and 1:256 in cerebrospinal fluid. Antibody titer to measles virus (complement fixation) was less than 1:8 in serum. Microscopical study of biopsied brain tissue at the age of 11 disclosed panencephalitis similar to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, but with perivascular deposits and without inclusion bodies. Rubella virus was isolated from the brain by cocultivation with CV-1 cells.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Large optic nerve glioma with normal vision.

When the diagnosis of optic glioma is made, the visual loss is most often mildly or profoundly impaired. We report the details of the unusual situation where central visual acuity, visual fields, and color vision were normal at the time a large optic nerve glioma was demonstrated in a young boy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report containing ophthalmologic, neuroradiologic, surgical, and histologic details illustrating the rare association of normal vision and an optic glioma.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Plasma glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in dogs.

Gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) was extracted from plasma of dogs and was compared for its molecular size and insulin releasing activity with GLI present in the intestine. Plasma was obtained from the portal vein of dogs, of which the pancreas was removed as rapidly as possible during the glucose administration into the intestine. Plasma GLI of intestinal origin was extracted by a modification of Kenny's method. The amount of GLI extractable from plasma in each dog ranged from 4.30 to 25.74 ng. The extract of plasma during glucose absorption was observed to have two peaks on gel filtration, corresponding to Peak I and Peak II of GLI extracted from the gastrointestinal tract. The intrapancreatic infusion of the Peak II GLI extractable from plasma promoted remarkable insulin release in dogs, like pancreatic glucagon. In contrast, the Peak I GLI from plasma caused an equivocal rise of insulin in the pancreatic vein. It is concluded from the experiment that gut GLI extracted from plasma shows the same elution pattern on gel filtration and the same insulin releasing activity as GLI extractable from the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Diagnostic value of intravenous glucagon test in insulinoma.

The intravenous glucagon test was performed in 11 patients with insulinoma and the diagnostic significance of the test was studied in comparison with the glucose test, the tolbutamide test and the arginine test. The curves of plasma insulin following the intravenous administration of glucagon were markedly different and strange in those patients with insulinoma compared with the normal controls. The maximal levels of plasma insulin ranged from 85 to 400 muU/ml, exceeding the normal range in 10 out of 11 patients, or 91%. Increased levels in the maximal plasma insulin were observed in 63%, 100% and 56% through the glucose test, the tolbutamide test and the arginine test, respectively. The distribution of the insulin areas, calculated from the insulin curves during these tests, was shown to be similar to that of the maximal levels of plasma insulin. There was no significant correlations between the maximal levels of plasma insulin in the glucagon test and the glucose test, the tolbutamide test or the arginine test. The present experiment demonstrated that the intravenous glucagon test, next to the tolbutamide test, caused a large increase in plasma insulin, and therefore, that this test is one of the most useful tools among the provocation tests, for the diagnosis of insulinoma.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗