Biomedical subjects

H Itzhaky

Publications and source records attributed to H Itzhaky.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Child sexual abuse and incest: community-based intervention.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this article is to determine the effectiveness of community intervention in the case of child sexual abuse. The article describes and analyses an actual case in a small urban community in Israel. METHOD: After several incidents of child sexual abuse, much of it incestuous, were brought to light in the community, they were discussed openly, contained, and punished. A community campaign, in which community activists as well as all the service providers were involved, was organized by community social workers. Individual, group, and community interventions were used. RESULTS: The continuation of the abuse has been checked, and, so far, there is no evidence to suggest its resurgence. Community apathy to child sexual abuse seems to have been halted and reversed. The involvement of community residents, particularly the activists, has increased, and this appears to be the major factor in changed community norms toward child sexual abuse. CONCLUSION: Implications of the individual, group, and community interventions are discussed. An integrated program of intervention practices is advocated to contain and prevent the incidence of child sexual abuse and incest.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1999

The role of the supervisor in training social workers treating HIV infected persons in a hospital.

The role of social workers working with HIV infected persons in hospitals is complex and laden with sources of professional stress, including those related to the hospital framework and environment and personal stress related to patients, their families, and the workers themselves. The paper identifies these factors of stress and discusses the functions of the supervision in avoiding or reducing them. The article is based on experience in Israel, but the analysis may be applicable elsewhere, as well.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1998

Empowering the disabled: a multidimensional approach.

This article explores empowerment among the disabled as a crucial element in promoting change among families and individuals who are at risk. Individuals with disabilities in Israel who provided volunteer work in organizations for the disabled were surveyed in relation to three components of empowerment: (a) family, (b) services, and (c) community. Three organizational factors (patterns of activity in organization, representation of the disabled and participation in decision-making) and two personal factors (self-esteem and mastery) affect at least one of the empowerment components.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

An exploratory profile of the Anti-Drug Authority coordinator in Israel.

During the past decade, there has been a proliferation of alcohol and other drug use in Israel. In order to combat this problem, the Israeli government, in 1988, created the National Anti-Drug Authority, a government agency whose responsibilities include the coordination of all prevention, treatment, and research activities that are directed towards the goal of fighting the war against drugs. As part of its mandate, the National Anti-Drug Authority created local anti-drug authority coordinators to fulfill its goals. The study described in this paper presents a preliminary picture of the role profile of the anti-drug authority coordinator worker in Israel. Five major direct practice role categories were revealed in the study with the community assessment and social broker role identified as the most active practice component followed by the community coordinator role, supervision and consultation, planning and conducting anti-drug prevention services, and assisting in community intervention the least active role component. In order to understand the findings, the role categories are classified according to their frequency of practice by the anti-drug coordinators along with the goals, focal systems, and the major tasks toward which each role category is directed. Finally, the study showed a high level of social work involvement as anti-drug authority coordinators.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Asymmetric organic synthesis with catalytic antibodies.

The science of catalytic antibodies has undergone a rapid maturation process within its first nine years of existence. From initial 'proof of concept' and demonstration of fundamental, enzyme-like characteristics, antibodies have been shown to catalyze a remarkably broad scope of organic transformations, including difficult and unfavorable chemical reactions. Yet, the ultimate testing ground for new concepts in organic chemistry has always been the synthesis of natural products. Here we focus on several issues related to the applicability of antibody catalysis in organic synthesis. We show that (a) in the hydrophobic environment of the antibody active site, short-lived intermediates can be formed and reacted in a controlled way, thus allowing antibodies to catalyze reactions that are normally incompatible with aqueous media, (b) the intrinsic order of reactivity (chemoselectivity) in a series of structurally related enol ethers and ketals can be inverted from 1:10 in the uncatalyzed hydrolysis reaction to 1000:1 under antibody catalysis, and (c) an efficient total synthesis of alpha-multistriatin, an important, biologically active natural product can be achieved via antibody catalysis.

Antibodies, Catalytic↗

PubMed1995

Antibody catalysis of a reaction otherwise strongly disfavoured in water.

Several examples have been reported recently of antibody catalysis of reactions that are strongly disfavoured because of the high free energy of the transition state. Here we show that catalytic antibodies can be used to promote a particularly useful kind of reaction from a synthetic point of view: one involving an intermediate that is highly unstable in water. We show that an antibody elicited against the quaternary ammonium ion 4a (Fig. 1) catalyses the protonation of the enol ether 1 to form, with complete enantioselectivity, an oxocarbonium intermediate. This species is highly reactive in water, and would normally react with a water molecule to give the corresponding ketone 2. But the antibody provides a hydrophobic environment that allows the oxocarbonium ion instead to undergo an intramolecular reaction to form an enantiomerically pure ketal 3. This result shows that catalytic antibodies can exclude solvent molecules entirely from crucial steps on the reaction pathway.

Antibodies, Catalytic↗