[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. 174 cases].
Nutritional assistance was given by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to 174 patients with neurological diseases (80 cases), tumours of the ear, nose and throat (ENT) region (70 cases) or malnutrition (24 elderly people). These patients had either deglutition disorders with inhalation or severe malnutrition, or could not tolerate a nasogastric tube. The endoscopic catheter (Bioser) was installed by the pull technique under general anaesthesia (26 percent), neuroleptanalgesia (16 percent), premedication (14 percent) or without sedation (44 percent). Installation was possible in 98 percent of the cases. Twenty-nine percent of the patients were treated in an outpatient clinic. The problems encountered (21 percent) were mainly due to blockade of the flange and rupture of the thread. Transoperative accidents, such as dyspnoea, bleeding or cardiac arrest, all without sequelae, were noted in 5 percent of the cases. The catheter remained in situ for a mean period of 3.9 +/- 0.3 months (range: 0.1 to 20 months). The following complications were observed: short-term (15 percent), hyperthermia (5), local infection (6), abscess of the abdominal wall (3), meteorism (9), pneumoperitoneum (1), subocclusion (2); long-term (25 percent), inflammatory reactions (13), leakage (19), catheter displacement (8) and catheter rupture (3). Local infections were more frequent in patients with ENT tumours than in the others. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a fast and reliable technique preferable to surgical gastrostomy. Complications are frequent (46 percent) but usually minor (42 percent). Contra-indications must be respected, and the catheter must be introduced with the utmost care.