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Biomedical subjects

H J Bochnik

Publications and source records attributed to H J Bochnik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

["Medical research confidentiality" could promote research and protect personal rights--conquering data protection related research deficits in Germany].

The workgroup of the German Medical Societies (AWMF) has asked for the introduction of a law ruling "Medical Research Secrets". The aim is to reduce the obstacles put on important medical research, especially in epidemiology, mainly caused by the legal protection of privacy of personal data. This aim could be reached by a legal protection of medical research data in adjunction to the legal status of the professional secrecy at present effective for physicians. The realization of the legal protection of specific research projects could be approved by local ethic-committees, they would bind the individual researchers to a closely protected secrecy and so enable the transfer of personal data from different sources without the obstacles of the present legal protection of privacy data and the legal professional secrecy effective for physicians. This is of importance for the combination of research support for the gain of future patients and protection of personal privacy for patients of today and would mean a correction of an erroneous German development of a legally perfectionized mistrust of physicians involved in research. It will be shown, that cancer registers are necessary, but that present laws ruling cancer registers are hostile to research and will depreciate the research location Germany.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1991

[Triage today: from treatment to nursing case (section 184 RVO). When clinical medicine capitulates prematurely].

It is assumed that it is necessary top distinguish between "nursing cases", patients home, and "hospital cases", patients needing professional medical treatment. As a result of improved medical treatment on the one hand and due to humanitarily-based decisions of the Federal Court of Social Jurisdiction on the other, it has become possible to turn "classical nursing-care cases" into "hospital cases" with successful therapeutic outcomes. Many of the ill are not able to benefit from the possibility of an alleviation of suffering, prevention of a worsening of their condition or the prospect of a lengthier life due to the fact that they have been labeled "nursing cases". The expansion of more promising therapies for the chronically ill or the old is blocked by medical insurances, which disclaim the necessity of hospital treatment; by doctors, who still adhere to antiquated therapeutic concepts (treatment of symptoms instead of treating the ill by diminishing afflictions and improving compensatory abilities) and due to an acute lack of hospital beds. The scarcity of hospital bedding and the restriction of medical interest in focusing on the acute ill often leads to a sorting out of patients, similar to a triage, by which chronically ill patients, capable of being treated, are allocated to the considerably lower level of care in nursing homes and in the home. As a consequence there is an increase in suffering, an aggravation of the illness and a shortening of life.2+ in addition to organic sciences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Phasic and process psychoses: a polydiagnostic comparison among the Frankfurt Classification System, DSM III, RDC, Feighner criteria and ICD-9.

The classification of endogenous psychoses is a controversial sector of psychiatry. Differences with regard to the evaluation of course and outcome contribute to this controversy. The course and outcome of a psychiatric illness are basic to the Frankfurt Classification System (FC) of endogenous psychoses. The main groups are process and phasic psychoses (typical and atypical). A third group, encompassing cases which could not be definitely classified at the time of examination, is entitled 'nonclassified endogenous psychoses'. This system was outlined according to the AMDP system and SANS using the cases of 100 patients admitted to the hospital (aged 18-86 years; 57 men, 43 women) and compared with four classifications (ICD-9, RDC, DSM III and Feighner). The listed definitions do not state whether or not a defective symptomatology is absolutely irreversible. Most of the atypic-phasic psychoses of the FC (50-78%) were schizoaffective psychoses according to the other classifications (Feighner, RDC, ICD-9) and most of the process psychoses (85-97%) were schizophrenias according to Feighner, ICD-9, RDC and DSM III. The major reason for the great correspondence (97%) between process psychoses (FC) and DSM III schizophrenias appears to be that 85% of the sample consisted of chronic and not subchronic schizophrenic disorders according to DSM III. On the other hand, about 45% of the ICD-9 and RDC schizophrenias (principally acute and subacute) were not diagnosed as process psychoses according to the FC. In the case of the typic-phasic psychoses, there was almost complete agreement with the other diagnostic systems. Most of the cases in which classification into the group 'process' or 'phasic psychosis' was unclear were diagnosed as schizophreniform disorders according to DSM III (70%) or into nearly equivalent groups according to RDC or ICD-9. Nonetheless, complete equivalency among these similar groups was not possible. In the context of some research aims (e.g. definitions of phenomenological or biological parameters), a classification system based on clearly-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria of such concepts as phasic and process psychoses (in shifts or insidious) is methodologically useful. The FC is suggested as a step in this direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Incorporation of 14C-arachidonic acid into platelet phospholipids of untreated patients with schizophreniform or schizophrenic disorders.

The incorporation rate of 14C-labeled arachidonic acid (14C-AA) into membrane phospholipids was measured in a group of untreated (greater than 6 months) psychiatric patients (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 31). Platelets from controls and from patients with schizophrenia (n = 10), schizophreniform disorder (n = 11), schizoaffective disorder (n = 6), major depression (n = 2), or an atypical psychosis (n = 4), diagnosed according to DSM-III, were incubated with 14C-AA. Platelets from patients with a schizophreniform and a schizoaffective disorder incorporated greater than 50% less 14C-AA than the platelets from controls. The incorporation rates of platelets from schizophrenic patients were slightly (18%), but not significantly, reduced compared to controls. Characterization of variables affecting arachidonic acid and phospholipid metabolism may be helpful in studies focused on the assessment of first-episode psychotic patients and in long-term outcome studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Contribution to the classification of endogenous psychoses].

The authors intend to describe the main points in endogenous psychoses classification according to H.J. Bochnik's criteria. The chief aspect thereby is the prognosis in terms of orientation of a certain symptomatology--either "phasic" or "process"--forming course. On the other hand phasic schizo-affective psychoses are called atypic-phasic psychoses and are incorporated in the group of phasic psychoses. In all cases a separate consideration is recommended as far as psychiatric research is concerned.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Correlation of platelet MAO activity with introversion: a study on a German rural population.

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and personality characteristics were correlated in a sample of 52 men (37 +/- SD 13 years) and 54 women (37 +/- SD 15 years) from a rural community. Personality characteristics were measured by using the Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar (FPI-A). In males, weak but significant linear correlations (Pearson product-moment and Spearman rank correlations) were found between platelet MAO activity (p-tyramine and benzylamine as substrates) and the extraversion/introversion dimension. In the females, however, there were no consistent significant correlations between MAO activity and FPI test scores. Comparing the top and bottom 25% of the platelet MAO distribution resulted in a significant difference for the second order factor extraversion in the group of men but not in the group of women. The significant correlation between MAO and introversion could not be attributed to cigarette smoking, food consumption, alcohol, or drugs. In accord with previous biochemical-behavior research, it is suggested that reduced platelet MAO activity may, to some extent, reflect an impulsive personality type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Low platelet MAO activity in psychiatric patients and plasma factors: no evidence for inhibitory influences on MAO in the circulating platelet population.

The influence of plasma and low and high molecular weight plasma fraction on MAO activity in platelets from controls were studied. Plasmas were obtained from patients with decreased platelet MAO activity and suffering from chronic schizophrenia of different syndrome subtypes, unipolar depressions, and alcoholism. Up to 50% inhibition and activation of MAO activity alterations were not different between the plasmas from schizophrenic, depressive, and alcoholic patients. Plasmas from schizophrenic patients without medication or on neuroleptics showed similar inhibition and/or activation of MAO activity in platelets from controls. The results indicate, in accordance with recent findings, that a number of low and high molecular weight substances can trigger platelet MAO activity changes. These plasma factors do not appear to be characteristic of schizophrenic patients with low platelet MAO activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Patterns: release and restriction. Phenomenologic analysis of the tendency to maintain drives and affects in mental patients and healthy subjects].

The following article concerns the 'maintenance' of drive and affects in normal and psychopathological cases. It will be demonstrated how the 'maintenance' of single mental though contents modifies the flux of consciousness and thus has a bearing on several cognitive functions. Another aspect of our study is pointed towards the use of patterns of behavior, which, on the one hand, can facilitate personal decisions and thus cause a widening of the individual's personal scope of freedom or, on the other hand, especially if strongly emotion-bound, can reduce the mental manoeuverability up to the point where the individual has lost his autonomy to these patterns as described above.

Affect↗