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Biomedical subjects

H J Cornwell

Publications and source records attributed to H J Cornwell.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The serological response of the common seal (Phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) to phocine distemper virus as measured by a canine distemper virus neutralisation test.

The application of a canine distemper virus (CDV) neutralisation test revealed that antibody titres of up to 11,620 were present in the sera of common seals during the epizootic of phocine distemper in British waters. However, during the later stages of the epizootic and afterwards, a surprisingly high proportion of animals were still seronegative. Titres of from 90 to 183 were common in diseased animals and were probably indicative of partial immunosuppression. A few animals with proven phocine distemper had titres of less than 64, this being evidence of a more profound immunosuppression. Recovered animals tended to have moderate to high titres and in some cases these persisted for at least 6.5 months. By contrast, the administration of an inactivated CDV vaccine produced antibody which declined rapidly to very low levels within the same period. Infection also occurred in grey seals in 1988 but without severe mortality. Antibody titres in this species nearly always lay in the range 128-734 and persisted at or around this level for at least 12 months. In both common and grey seals, antibody was transferred by suckling from mother to pup but absorption by the pup seemed to take place more slowly than in domestic mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Distemper encephalitis in pups after vaccination of the dam.

A five-year-old labrador bitch which had whelped 10 pups three days previously was given booster vaccination against distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, parainfluenzavirus and leptospirosis. Eighteen days later, signs of central nervous system disease developed in some of the pups, five of which were ultimately euthanased. The cause of the nervous disease was found to be canine distemper, and serological studies showed that the infection was limited to some members of the litter, suggesting that the vaccinal rather than a field virus was more likely to have been responsible.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Serologic study of phocine distemper in a population of harbor seals in Scotland.

A serologic survey of the prevalence of morbillivirus antibodies was conducted in a population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from northeastern Scotland, where mortality was comparatively low during the 1988 phocine distemper virus outbreak. None of the 12 seals sampled before the epizootic were seropositive. Thirty-five (52%) of 68 seals sampled after the beginning of the epizootic were seropositive, although there were significant age-related differences in both the number of seropositive individuals and in antibody levels. Marking studies showed that most seropositive seals caught during the peak of the epizootic survived for several months. Thus, the low mortality observed in this population did not appear to result from a lack of contact with the virus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

A study of dogs with kennel cough.

A detailed study of a population of dogs with kennel cough was undertaken. Twenty-seven (77 per cent) of a total of 35 dogs had pathological evidence of respiratory disease in the form of tracheobronchitis with, in some animals, exudative pneumonia. A variety of viral and bacterial agents were isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs but Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus SV-5 appeared to be the most significant organisms recovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An immunopathologic study of interstitial nephritis associated with experimental canine adenovirus infection.

The localisation of canine adenovirus in the renal tubules induces a marked cellular response in the interstitium. A number of mechanisms appear to be involved in the genesis of the lesions. Direct lytic damage to tubular epithelial cells by the virus is probably augmented by immunological factors. The production of local anti-viral antibody by plasma cells in the vicinity of virus-containing cells may result in the formation of toxic antigen-antibody complexes while the accumulation of large populations of macrophages suggests that cell-mediated hypersensitivity is also operative.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1975

Determination of the buoyant density of canine distemper virus by radioassay.

Canine distemper virus was labelled with tritiated uridine and, following precipitation with saturated ammonium sulphate solution, was concentrated 66-fold by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. When this preparation was centrifuged to equilibrium in density gradients of potassium tartrate or sucrose, radioactivity was distributed over the density range 1.218 to 1.180 with a pronounced peak at around 1.195. This corresponded closely to the distribution of infectivity and also to that of virus particles revealed by electron microscopy. In density gradients of caesium chloride, a plateau of radioactivity was present over the density range 1.26 to 1.24 with a peak at around 1.240 but most of the infectivity was limited to the range of 1.24 to 1.22. Since the amount of infectious virus recovered from potassium tartrate was greater than that recovered from the other two materials and the radioactive peak occurred over a narrower density range, it was concluded that potassium tartrate was the material of choice for the isopycnic centrifugation of canine distemper virus.

Ammonium Sulfate↗