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Biomedical subjects

H J Daniel

Publications and source records attributed to H J Daniel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Microscopic characteristics of hacking trauma.

The purpose of this study was to determine if it is possible to associate machetes, axes, and cleavers with the microscopic parallel striations they leave on the cut surfaces of the bone. Hacking trauma was experimentally inflicted on pig bones using machetes, axes, and cleavers. Negative impressions of both the cut surfaces of the bone and the weapon blades were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to correlate a class of hacking weapons to trauma inflicted on bone by these weapons.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Nutraceuticals.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed1999

Production of sophorolipids from whey: development of a two-stage process with Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 and Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 using deproteinized whey concentrates as substrates.

In order to produce sophorolipids from whey, thereby lowering the lactose content and biological oxygen demand, a two-step batch cultivation process was developed including medium sterilization by filtration. In the first step, whey was sterilized by a combination of crossflow and sterile filtration. Because the sophorolipid-producing yeast Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 was not able to use lactose as a carbon source directly, the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 was grown on deproteinized whey concentrates (DWC). With 1:1 diluted DWC-20, lactose was consumed as the carbon source and biomass (24 g/l dry weight content) as well as single-cell oil (SCO, 10 g/l) were produced. The cultivation broth was disrupted with a glass bead mill and it served as medium for growth (29 g cell dry mass/l) and sophorolipid production (12 g/l) of the yeast C. bombicola.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1999

Production of sophorolipids from whey. II. Product composition, surface active properties, cytotoxicity and stability against hydrolases by enzymatic treatment.

Sophorolipids, obtained by a two-stage process starting from deproteinized whey concentrate using Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 and Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, were compared to products from one-stage processes, using different lipidic compounds as substrates. Results showed that above all carbon source and not cultivation conditions had a distinct influence on the composition of the crude product mixture and therefore on the physicochemical and biological properties of the sophorolipids, such as, for example, surface activity, cytotoxicity and stability against hydrolases. The results were completed by corresponding data for purified mono- and diacetylated (17-hydroxyoctadecenoic)-1',4"-lactonized sophorolipids. Crude sophorolipid mixtures showed moderate to good surface active properties (SFTmin 39 mN m-1, CMC 130 mg l-1), water solubilities (2-3 g l-1) and low cytotoxicities (LC50 300-700 mg l-1). In contrast, purified sophorolipids were more surface active (SFTmin 36 mN m-1, CMC 10 mg l-1), less water soluble (max. 70 mg l-1) and showed stronger cytotoxic effects (LC50 15 mg l-1). Incubation of crude sophorolipid mixtures with different hydrolases demonstrated that treatment with commercially available lipases such as from Candida rugosa and Mucor miehei distinctly reduced the surface active properties of the sophorolipids, while treatment with porcine liver esterase and glycosidases had no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A community-based nursing approach to the prevention of otitis media.

Otitis media (OM), a disease of the middle ear, is one of the most common diseases of childhood. Although the medical and surgical treatment of the disease by physicians is covered at length in the literature, information about the role of nurses in dealing with OM is scant. The purpose of this article is to propose a community-based nursing prevention plan for OM based on what is known about its prevalence and pathogenesis.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Gender differences in laterality patterns for speaking and singing.

This study examined behaviors reflecting cerebral organization of speaking and singing in normal college students. The investigation focused on whether differences existed in the laterality patterns of two singing tasks and one speaking task in males and females. Performance was measured on a verbal/manual time-sharing paradigm, coupling finger tapping with three vocal tasks (speaking, singing a rote song, singing up and down a diatonic five note scale). Females exhibited less variation than males in mean tapping rates and laterality scores across all three vocal tasks, thus indicating that gender most likely influences lateralization of vocal tasks. Bilateral integration was indicated for both males and females during singing up/down the aforementioned scale. These findings suggest differential involvement of both hemispheres in processing musical functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Aging and otitis media as sources of variance in the rat auditory brainstem response.

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) latencies were examined in normal female Sprague-Dawley rats at 6 months of age and in 10-12 month old animals which tested positive for Mycoplasma pulmonis, a frequently implicated pathogen in otitis media. Significant differences in the peak latencies of Waves I, II and IIIn were found between the two age groups. A significant age by intensity interaction effect was also identified for Waves II and IIIn. Since the age-related effects observed in Wave I were similarly reflected in Waves II and IIIn, it was concluded that the group differences were due to alterations of the auditory periphery and not to changes in the central auditory system.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

[Manner of birth and otitis media].

BACKGROUND: There are many risk factors associated with the occurrence of otitis media; cesarean section could be one of them. REPORT: Two hundred and eighty four children were treated during the first three years of life by the same pediatric service. 47% of these children were treated for otitis media and 53% were not. 41% were delivered by cesarean section, and 59% were vaginal births. The incidence of otitis media in the cesarean section group was 0.504, versus 0.449 in the vaginal birth group. RESULTS: These data indicate that the fraction of risk of having otitis media that is attributable to cesarean section is 11%; the relative risk is 1.12. CONCLUSION: The observed effect is not large enough to confirm that cesarean section is a risk factor, but suggests that a carefully controlled prospective study should be conducted.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1982

Experimental otitis media in gerbils and chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

To ascertain the usefulness of Mongolian gerbils as an inbred model for otitis media, 52 Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus, strain MONT/Tum) were compared with 26 chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) for susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Haemophilus influenzae type b, and a polymicrobic culture including anaerobes (Streptococcus intermedius, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium sp.). Organisms were inoculated percutaneously into the superior chamber of the middle ear bulla. The gerbils and chinchillas shared similar susceptibilities and responses to the inoculated organisms as determined by X-ray, otoscopic, histopathological, and microbiological determinations at 5 to 7 days. Koch's postulate studies proved the role of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in the pathology found in both animal models. The animals were also susceptible to the polymicrobic culture, although the relative virulence of the individual members of this mixture was low, suggesting that these species potentiated as a polymicrobic mixture. The Corynebacterium sp. appeared to elicit the greatest histopathological response in chronic (8-week) studies in gerbils. The gerbils were found to be useful as an alternative animal model for the study of otitis media of bacterial etiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Indigenous nasopharyngeal, auditory canal, and middle ear bacterial flora of gerbils: animal model for otitis media.

The indigenous microbial flora of the middle ear cavity of Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, was isolated, characterized, and identified, showing it to be sparse and transitory. Organisms, when found in the middle ear cavity, were most likely to be Staphylococcus epidermidis-like organisms. Cerumen from the external auditory canal of these animals yielded mostly staphylococci, coryneforms, and other gram-positive rods, including some anaerobic species. The nasopharynx supported a flora consisting mainly of staphylococci, lactobacilli, and coryneforms, with a smaller incidence and numbers of many other species. No mycoplasmas were cultured or seen in scanning electron microscope studies. None of the major pathogens of human otitis media were found; therefore, Mongolian gerbils are microbiologically acceptable candidates as a model for induced otitis media, using organisms isolated from human otitic infections.

Animals↗