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H J Holroyd

Publications and source records attributed to H J Holroyd.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a double-strength acellular pertussis vaccine.

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a double-strength acellular pertussis vaccine were evaluated after administration to 16 4-6-year-old children. The vaccine contained toxoided lymphocytosis-promoting factor (6.0 micrograms/dose), filamentous haemagglutinin (70 micrograms/dose), agglutinogens (1.4 micrograms/dose) and the 69 kDa protein (approximately 8.0 micrograms/dose). The vaccine was extremely well tolerated with few minor side effects following immunization. Significant increases in antibodies to all pertussis vaccine components were noted. In summary, this double-strength acellular pertussis vaccine, containing a very high dose of filamentous haemagglutinin, had minimal reactogenicity and was immunogenic. These findings, as well as other studies with this vaccine, indicate that filamentous haemagglutinin is not a major determinant of vaccine reactogenicity.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

A double-blind study comparing an acellular pertussis-component DTP vaccine with a whole-cell pertussis-component DTP vaccine in 18-month-old children.

An acellular pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (AC-DTP) vaccine was compared with a currently licensed, whole-cell pertussis-component DTP (WC-DTP) vaccine for reactogenicity and immunogenicity when given as the fourth DTP immunization in sixty 18- to 24-month-old children. Reactions over the first 48 hours were significantly less common in the AC-DTP vaccine recipients, as follows (WC-DTP/AC-DTP): fever, 85%/5%; redness, 70%/12.5%; tenderness, 100%/22.5%; swelling, 35%/10%; fretfulness, 70%/12.5%; anorexia, 35%/2.5%; and vomiting, 10%/0%. Antibody responses to pertussis antigens (agglutinogens, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, and filamentous hemagglutinin), diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid in AC-DTP vaccine recipients were comparable with those in WC-DTP vaccine recipients. The AC-DTP vaccine evaluated in this trial seems to be as immunogenic as WC-DTP vaccine while being markedly less reactogenic.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1985

An open study evaluating the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a DTP vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component in four to six year old children.

Acellular pertussis vaccines have been used for mass immunization of children in Japan since the fall of 1981, but until recently they have not been evaluated in the United States. We report a trial with a DTP vaccine containing an acellular pertussis component in 36 four to six year old children who had previously received four doses of United States DTP licensed vaccine with a whole cell pertussis vaccine component. The study vaccine contained diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and 300 HA units of Takeda acellular pertussis component. The principle immunizing antigens in the pertussis component of the vaccine were lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). Local and systemic reactions were monitored during the first 48 hours after vaccination, and pre-immunization and one month post-immunization serum specimens were obtained for antibody assay. The following reaction rates were noted: redness 50%, tenderness 50%, swelling 41%, fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) 3%, drowsiness 17%, fretfulness 14%, anorexia 11%, and vomiting 6%. Pertussis antibody values (preimmunization/postimmunization) were as follows: agglutinin GMT, 1:21/1:100; FHA mean ELISA u, 28 +/- 6/greater than or equal to 229 +/- 47; LPF mean ELISA u, 176 +/- 59/1732 +/- 280. The pertussis component of the study vaccine would appear to be less reactogenic than United States whole cell pertussis vaccines but still immunogenic when given as a booster immunization to four to six year old children. Further studies are needed to assess reactions and immunogenicity in younger and previously unimmunized children.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1982

Rubella immunity in older children, teenagers, and young adults: a comparison of immunity in those previously immunized with those unimmunized.

Because rubella continues to be a common illness in adolescents and young adults and because it has been suggested that booster rubella immunizations should be performed, we studied antibody prevalence in 459 predominantly adolescent patients in a pediatric group practice. Rubella antibody (PHA titer greater than or equal to 1:13.5) in previously immunized patients (89.6% of 385) was significantly more common than antibody in unimmunized patients and patients with a questionable history of immunization (70.3% of 74) (P less than 0.005). Twenty-three seronegative patients with a documented history of prior immunization were reimmunized and 22 had an IgG (secondary) antibody response and only one an IgM (primary) antibody response. Since all but one of our patients with previous immunization had a secondary immune response following revaccination, it seems likely that the level of protection in previously vaccinated individuals is considerably greater than 90%. Attention today should be directed at finding and immunizing unvaccinated teenagers and young adults and not in major booster vaccine programs.

Adolescent↗