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Biomedical subjects

H J Lin

Publications and source records attributed to H J Lin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

CNS stem and progenitor cell differentiation into functional neuronal circuits in three-dimensional collagen gels.

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has little capacity for self-repair after injury, and neurons are not capable of proliferating. Therefore, neural tissue engineering that combines neural stem and progenitor cells and biologically derived polymer scaffolds may revolutionize the medical approach to the treatment of damaged CNS tissues. Neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from embryonic rat cortical or subcortical neuroepithelium were dispersed within type I collagen, and the cell-collagen constructs were cultured in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor. The collagen-entrapped stem and progenitors actively expanded and efficiently generated neurons, which developed neuronal polarity, neurotransmitters, ion channels/receptors, and excitability. Ca2+ imaging showed that differentiation from BrdU+/TuJ1- to BrdU-/TuJ1+ cells was accompanied by a shift in expression of functional receptors for neurotransmitters from cholinergic and purinergic to predominantly GABAergic and glutamatergic. Spontaneous postsynaptic currents were recorded by patch-clamping from precursor cell-derived neurons and these currents were partially blocked by 10-microM bicuculline, and completely blocked by additional 10 microM of the kainate receptor antagonist CNQX, indicating an appearance of both GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic activities. Staining with endocytotic marker FM1-43 demonstrated active synaptic vesicle recycling occurring among collagen-entrapped neurons. These results show that neural stem and progenitor cells cultured in 3D collagen gels recapitulate CNS stem cell development; this is the first demonstration of CNS stem and progenitor cell-derived functional synapse and neuronal network formation in a 3D matrix. The proliferative capacity and neuronal differentiating potential of neural progenitors in 3D collagen gels suggest their potential use in attempts to promote neuronal regeneration in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Endoscopic haemoclip versus heater probe thermocoagulation plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection for peptic ulcer bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Treating patients of bleeding peptic ulcers with heater probe thermocoagulation and haemoclip is considered to be safe and very effective. Yet, there is no report comparing the haemostatic effects of endoscopic haemoclip versus heater probe thermocoagulation plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection in these patients. AIM: To compare the clinical outcomes of both therapeutic modalities in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. METHODS: A total of 93 patients with active bleeding or non-bleeding visible vessels were randomised to receive either endoscopic haemoclip (n = 46) or heater probe thermocoagulation plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection (n = 47). Five patients from the haemoclip group were excluded because of the inability to place the haemoclip. RESULTS: Initial haemostasis was achieved in 39 patients (95.1%) of the haemoclip group and 47 patients (100%) of the heater probe group (P > 0.1). Rebleeding occurred in four patients (10.3%) of the haemoclip group and three patients (6.4%) of the heater probe group (P > 0.1). The volume of blood transfused after entry into the study, duration of hospital stay, number of patients requiring urgent surgery and the mortality rates were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: If the haemoclip can be applied properly, the clinical outcomes of the haemoclip group would be similar to those of the heater probe group in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. However, if the bleeders are located at the difficult-to-approach sites, heater probe plus hypertonic saline injection is the first choice therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ethanol blocks both basic fibroblast growth factor- and carbachol-mediated neuroepithelial cell expansion with differential effects on carbachol-activated signaling pathways.

We have expanded neuroepithelial cells dissociated from the embryonic rat telencephalon in serum-free defined medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in order to generate a model neuroepithelium to study the interaction of ethanol with both growth factor- and transmitter-stimulated proliferation. Ethanol blocked proliferation stimulated by bFGF and by carbachol, an agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ethanol attenuated autonomous expansion of neuroepithelial cells occurring following withdrawal of bFGF. The latter effect was associated with an increase in the number of apoptotic cells identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling labeling. We studied the effects of ethanol on carbachol-stimulated signaling pathways critical to its proliferative effects. Ethanol significantly reduced carbachol-stimulated Ca(2+) signaling, as well as Erk1/Erk2, Akt and cyclic AMP-response element-binding phosphorylations in a dose-dependent manner. Comparison of the potency of ethanol in attenuating carbachol-stimulated proliferation and signal transduction showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was less sensitive to ethanol than the other parameters. The results indicate that ethanol's suppression of proliferation induced by carbachol in this model neuroepithelium likely involves multiple signaling pathways. These effects in vitro may help to explain the devastating effects of prenatal ethanol exposure in vivo, which contribute to the fetal alcohol syndrome.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2002

Acute exposure of toluene transiently potentiates p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in cultured rat cortical astrocytes.

It has been shown that the inhalation of toluene in rats can cause neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. However, the cellular and molecular effects of toluene directly on astrocytes are relatively unknown. We used primary cultures of astrocytes isolated from the neonatal rat cortex as a model to study the toluene effects on cell outcome and associated signal transduction pathways using immunostaining and Western blotting. We observed that acute toluene exposure significantly induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis and transiently stimulated the activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the primary astrocytes. Interestingly, the inhibition of the p42/44 MAPK signaling cascade by PD98059 in conjunction with the toluene treatment evoked more cellular apoptosis than toluene alone, suggesting that the toluene-induced transient MAPK activation may play a role in promoting cell survival during the toluene exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition of constitutively active Stat3 suppresses growth of human ovarian and breast cancer cells.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are transcription factors activated in response to cytokines and growth factors. Constitutively active Stat3 has been shown to mediate oncogenic transformation in cultured cells and induce tumor formation in mice. An increasing number of tumor-derived cell lines as well as samples from human cancer have been reported to express constitutively active Stat3 protein. We previously demonstrated that ovarian cancer cell lines express high levels of constitutively active Stat3. In this study, we show that inhibition of the Stat3 signaling pathway using the Janus Kinase-selective inhibitor, AG490, and a dominant negative Stat3 (Stat3beta) significantly suppresses the growth of ovarian and breast cancer cell lines harboring constitutively active Stat3. In the ovarian cancer cell lines, AG490 also diminished the phosphorylation of Stat3, Stat3 DNA binding activity, and the expression of Bcl-x(L). Further, AG490 induced significant apoptosis in ovarian and breast cancer cell lines expressing high levels of constitutively active Stat3 but had a less profound effect on normal cells lacking constitutively active Stat3. AG490 also enhanced apoptosis induced by cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells. These results suggest that inhibition of Stat3 signaling may provide a potential therapeutic approach for treating ovarian and breast cancers.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2001

Fluorescence lifetime characterization of novel low-pH probes.

The structures and functions of the cellular acidic compartments are strongly dependent on the pH gradients across vesicular membranes. Measurement and imaging of the vesicular pH require fluorophores with appropriate pK(a) values. In this report, we characterized the pH-dependent lifetime responses of a family of acidotropic probes, LysoSensors, to evaluate their usefulness to low-pH lifetime imaging. LysoSensors are cell-permeable weak bases that selectively accumulate in acidic vesicles after being protonated. They have higher quantum yields at lower pH ranges to allow visualization of the lysosomes. For LysoSensors DND-167, DND-189, and DND-153, raising the buffer pH increased the quenching effects of their basic side chains and substantially reduced their steady-state fluorescence and lifetimes. The apparent pK(a) values determined from their lifetime responses were shifted to near neutral values because of the dominant intensity contribution from their protonated species. One unique property of LysoSensor DND-189 is its nonmonotonic lifetime responses of the maxima occurring between pH 4 and 5. LysoSensor DND-192 did not show significant lifetime changes over a wide pH range. LysoSensor DND-160, which was the only excitation and emission ratiometric probe, showed significant pH-dependent lifetime changes as well as its spectral shifts. Its apparent pK(a) values determined from the lifetime responses were comparable to the lysosomal pH because of its bright basic form. Because of the pH-dependent absorption spectra, the apparent pK(a) values could be manipulated between 3 and 5 by changing the excitation and/or emission wavelengths. These results indicate that LysoSensor DND-160 is a promising probe for lifetime imaging to determine lysosomal pH.

Buffers↗
PubMed2001

Effect of coexisting HIV-1 infection on the diagnosis and evaluation of hepatitis C virus.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the test for antibodies to hepatitis C virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-HCV ELISA-2) in patients with and without HIV-1 infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: In all, 369 patients were tested and grouped by available serologic tests. HCV RNA was quantified in these 369 patients using an Amplicor HCV (and/or HIV-1) Monitor, v1.0 test. Among 110 patients who were anti-HCV negative by ELISA-2, 39 were HIV/HBV coinfected and 71 had HIV alone. One hundred twelve patients were HIV/HCV coinfected and 147 patients had HCV infection alone. RESULTS: Six of 110 (5.5%) ELISA-2 anti-HCV-negative, HIV-infected patients had circulating serum HCV RNA. Their median CD4 count was 36 cells/mm(3), which was significantly lower than that observed in the HIV/HBV group (median CD4 = 109, p <.001) or the HIV/HCV cohort (CD4 = 235; p <.0001). The positive predictive value of the ELISA-2 test for diagnosing ongoing HCV infection in HIV-infected patients was 91%, which is significantly better than that determined for the HCV group, 76% (p =.002) presumably because HCV is less likely to resolve in the HIV patients. Mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were similar in the HIV/HCV (133 IU/L) and HCV (130 IU/L) cohorts. Median HCV RNA levels were higher in the HIV/HCV group (6.53 log(10) copies/ml) compared with the patients with HCV infection (5.62 log(10) copies/ml; p <.00001). There was no significant correlation between HCV RNA levels and ALT values, CD4 counts, or HIV RNA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The predictive value of the anti-HCV ELISA-2 test is better in HIV-coinfected patients than in patients infected only with HCV. False negative results, usually associated with acute infection or with low CD4 counts, are uncommon. These patients may be diagnosed with the ELISA-3 assay or by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Compared with patients with only HCV infection, HIV/HCV patients display similar ALT profiles, but a higher proportion of detectable serum HCV RNA.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

X-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations on oxidized Ni/Au contacts to p-GaN.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate the electronic structure of as-deposited and oxidized Ni/Au contacts to p-GaN and to elucidate the mechanism responsible for low impedance. X-ray absorption near edge spectra of Ni K- and L3,2-edges clearly indicate formation of NiO on the sample surface after annealing. The reason for low impedance may be attributed to increase in hole concentration and existence of p-NiO layer on the surface.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Functional mutation in the promoter region of thrombomodulin gene in relation to carotid atherosclerosis.

Thrombomodulin is an important endothelial anticoagulant protein that decreases thrombin activity and activates protein C. Our recent study has shown that the G-33A promoter mutation of thrombomodulin gene is associated with coronary artery disease. This study was conducted to determine whether the G-33A mutation in the promoter region of thrombomodulin gene is a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke or carotid atherosclerosis. The functional significance of this mutation was also evaluated. We recruited 333 patients (mean age 64 years, 59% male) with ischemic stroke and 257 age- and sex-matched controls. In all study participants, carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by Duplex scanning, and thrombomodulin G-33A promoter mutation was detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to assess the influence of this mutation on thrombomodulin promoter activity. There was no significant difference in the thrombomodulin G-33A mutation frequency (GA+AA genotypes) between the stroke and the control groups (18.3 vs. 24. 1%, P=0.105). The G-33A mutation frequency was also similar between the study participants with and without carotid atherosclerosis (22.2 vs. 19.8%, P=0.550). When only younger subjects (age </=60 years) were included in the analysis, however, we found the mutation occurred more frequently in participants with carotid atherosclerosis (33.3 vs. 17.3%, odds ratio [OR]=2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.16-4.90, P=0.027). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that only diabetes mellitus (OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.33-7.30, P=0.009) and G-33A mutation (OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.14-5.29, P=0.021) were associated independently with carotid atherosclerosis in younger subjects. As assessed by luciferase reporter gene assays, the contructs bearing the G-33A mutation showed a significant decrease (36+/-12%) in transcriptional activity in comparison with the wild type constructs. Our findings suggest that G-33A mutation reduces the thrombomodulin promoter activity and is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in younger subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Molecular evidence for transmission of viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses and human immunodeficiency virus.

Securing molecular evidence for transmission of RNA viruses is critically dependent on the time elapsed after infection. To establish HCV transmission by blood transfusions from specific donors, we deduced the sequence of amino acids 329 to 410 of HCV in 30 transfusion recipients and 120 of their blood donors. Phylogenetic analyses of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and genotyping furnished proof of transmission. Linear regression analysis showed no differences between HVR1 sequences from the recipient and the implicated donor up to 7.9 weeks post-transfusion, but donor and recipient sequences diverged subsequently (r=0.690). The choice of viral genomic region is also important. We compared four genomic regions in HIV-1 encoding variable regions V1, V2 and V3 in the env gene and p2 in the gag gene in documented cases of mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission. The less variable regions of V3 and p2 provided positive evidence for virus transmission, in contrast to results obtained on highly variable regions V1 and V2 (p<0.05). Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis B virus, a DNA virus, could be demonstrated on the molecular level by sequencing of a 100-nucleotide region of the viral genomes from 96 Chinese children and their parents. In 28 of the 30 mothers and 6 of 8 fathers, sequences were identical to those of their offspring (p<0.00005).

Female↗
PubMed2001

Contact stress on polyethylene components of a new rotating hinge with a spherical contact surface.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nonlinear contact stress of a new rotating hinge of our knee prosthesis at various rotation angles. DESIGN: The contact surface between the metal tibial bearing and the ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene plate of a conventional rotating hinge is of cylindrical design. We have designed a new type of rotating hinge with a congruous spherical contact surface. BACKGROUND: The endoprosthesis for reconstruction of limb after wide resection of malignant tumor around knee usually incorporates a rotating hinge. Our new rotating hinge with a spherical contact surface incorporates the benefits of an increased contact surface and potentially increased rotational stability during axial loading. METHODS: We utilized the ABAQUS finite element program to assess the nonlinear contact stress of this new rotating hinge at rotation angles of 0 degrees, 4 degrees and 8 degrees, based on a contact force of about 2800 N. RESULTS: The results show that von Mises stress for the finite element model of the polyethylene component of this rotating hinge ranges from 4.90 x 10(-6) to 8.22 MPa at the aforementioned rotational angles. The von Mises stress is about 1.31--1.82 MPa on the major parts of the ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene plate, including both flanks. There is a mild stress concentration on the outer edge of polyethylene component, especially at 4 degrees and 8 degrees of rotation. The maximum values of von Mises stress at the contact surface at 0 degrees, 4 degrees and 8 degrees of rotation are 5.92, 7.49 and 8.22 MPa, respectively. These contact stresses are within the safety range of the ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (compressive yield strength, 14 MPa). CONCLUSIONS: This new rotating hinge has an evenly distributed contact stress during axial load because of congruous contact design.

Finite Element Analysis↗
PubMed2001

The use of GABA(A) receptors expressed in neural precursor cells for cell-based assays.

GABA(A) receptors are known targets for certain classes of environmental neurotoxins and pharmaceutical compounds. Since few neural cell lines express functional GABA(A) receptors, the capacity to rapidly screen for compounds that affect GABA(A) receptor function is presently limited. Previous work has demonstrated that rat neural precursor cells express functional GABA(A) receptors that can be monitored via Ca(2+) imaging. This study examined GABA(A) receptor subunit expression to determine whether GABA(A) receptor function and its interactions with neurotoxins is preserved after passaging. Neural precursor cells isolated from embryonic day 13 rat brain were expanded in serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor and passaged three times. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated early expression of abundant mRNAs encoding various GABA(A) receptor subunits. Ca(2+) imaging showed that the highly proliferating precursor cells in passaged cultures maintained expression of functional GABA(A) receptors. In addition, we showed that trimethylolpropane phosphate, a neurotoxin generated during partial pyrolysis of a synthetic ester turbine engine lubricant, potently inhibited muscimol (GABA(A) receptor agonist) but not depolarization-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. The findings of this study suggest that neural precursor cells may be well suited for the evaluation of certain environmental neurotoxins with convulsant activity. The potential use of neural precursor cells in high-throughput screens for compounds acting on GABA(A) receptors is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The heterogeneity in risk factors of lung cancer and the difference of histologic distribution between genders in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: The difference in histologic patterns of lung cancer between men and women in Taiwan may be associated with the heterogeneity in causal factors of lung cancer between the sexes. A sex- and age-matched case-control study was designed to investigate such a relationship. METHODS: Cases consisted of 236 male and 291 female incident cases with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed primary carcinoma of the lung, and were compared to one or two individually matched controls. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking, occupations, and previous tuberculosis history were found to independently correlate with an elevated risk of squamous/small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma for male patients. However, there was little difference in the effect of these risk factors except smoking. The use of fume extractors in the kitchen, and the habit of waiting to fry after the fumes were emitted, separately explained the majority of the attributable fraction of female squamous/small cell carcinoma (28.2%) and adenocarcinoma (47.7%). With the exception of a kitchen with fume extractors and a clinical history of tuberculosis, the environmental causal factors of lung cancer were heterogeneous between these two histologic cell groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the causal factors of lung cancer might be specific for the type of tumor concerned. The gender-specific risk factors of lung cancer could partly explain the difference in cell-type distribution between men and women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Frequency-domain fluorescence microscopy with the LED as a light source.

We describe a frequency-domain lifetime fluorometer based on a microscope and a modulated light-emitting diode (LED) excitation source (370/460 nm), which operates in the frequency range 120 Hz--250 MHz. We collected multifrequency phase and modulation fluorescence responses from cellular areas as small as 10--15 microm in diameter. We also collected fluorescence lifetime data from cells stained by a lipophilic coumarin sensitized europium fluorophore, Coum-Eu, with a millisecond lifetime, and Ru(bpy)(2)phe-C(12),with microsecond lifetime. Nanosecond lifetimes from native nuclei stained with SYTO 14 and SYTO 16 probes were measured as well. We demonstrate that a simple LED excitation source can, for many applications, successfully replace complex and expensive laser systems, which have been used for cellular frequency-domain lifetime measurements. As the LEDs are very stable with low noise, it will be possible to image even smaller sample areas using brighter LEDs. With availability of modulated LEDs emitting at several wavelengths covering almost the entire visible spectrum it is easy to assemble a system for the fluorophore of choice. The ability to select an excitation source for a given fluorophore and low price make such an excitation source even more practical.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

Long-term mortality and morbidity of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B, and type C hepatitis: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute collaborative study.

Persons with non-A, non-B hepatitis (cases) identified in 5 transfusion studies in the early 1970s have been followed ever since and compared for outcome with matched, transfused, non-hepatitis controls from the same studies. Previously, we reported no difference in all-cause mortality but slightly increased liver-related mortality between these cohorts after 18 years follow-up. We now present mortality and morbidity data after approximately 25 years of follow-up, restricted to the 3 studies with archived original sera. All-cause mortality was 67% among 222 hepatitis C-related cases and 65% among 377 controls (P = NS). Liver-related mortality was 4.1% and 1.3%, respectively (P =.05). Of 129 living persons with previously diagnosed transfusion-associated hepatitis (TAH), 90 (70%) had proven TAH-C, and 39 (30%), non-A-G hepatitis. Follow-up of the 90 TAH-C cases revealed viremia with chronic hepatitis in 38%, viremia without chronic hepatitis in 39%, anti-HCV without viremia in 17%, and no residual HCV markers in 7%. Thirty-five percent of 20 TAH-C patients biopsied for biochemically defined chronic hepatitis displayed cirrhosis, representing 17% of all those originally HCV-infected. Clinically evident liver disease was observed in 86% with cirrhosis but in only 23% with chronic hepatitis alone. Thirty percent of non-A, non-B hepatitis cases were unrelated to hepatitis viruses A,B,C, and G, suggesting another unidentified agent. In conclusion, all-cause mortality approximately 25 years after acute TAH-C is high but is no different between cases and controls. Liver-related mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C, though low (<3%), is significantly higher among the cases. Among living patients originally HCV-infected, 23% have spontaneously lost HCV RNA.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence of identical hypervariable region 1 sequences of hepatitis C virus in transfusion recipients and their respective blood donors: divergence over time.

A total of 240 stored serum specimens from 30 transfusion recipients and 120 blood donors from the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS) were evaluated with the objective of establishing transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by specific blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) and HCV genotyping were performed on the genomic region encoding amino acids 329 to 410. Amino acid distances between HVR1 sequences were calculated by the Kimura formula. Bootstrap analysis of HVR1 sequences provided support for linking recipients to specific donors. Linear regression analysis showed no differences between donor and recipient HVR1 sequences 7.9 weeks posttransfusion, but donor and recipient sequences diverged thereafter (r = 0.690). The initial lag phase in the evolution of HVR1 in the infected recipient was attributed to the time required to mount host immunologic defenses against the virus. Within-recipient divergence in HVR1 was determined from analyses of serial specimens collected within 2 weeks after the alanine transaminase peak, at the end of the original study (1974-1979), and in the follow-up study (1987-present). HVR1 remained invariant over a period of 6.7 to 9.5 days (95% CI) during acute infection. Within-patient divergence in HVR1 increased over a period of 11 to 15 years (r = 0.771), reaching the degree of divergence observed between unlinked subjects. In cases in which transfusion involved more than one HCV subtype, only one of the HCV subtypes established infection in the recipient. Subtype-specific differences in HVR1 were shown.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) interacts with dengue virus core protein.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a component of hnRNP particles, is involved in several steps of gene expression regulation. Dengue (DEN) virus, a member of the Flaviviridae, is the primary cause of illnesses such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. In mature DEN virus particles, the core protein is a structural protein that forms a nucleocapsid complex with genomic RNA. Very little of its biologic functions is known. Here, using an in vitro binding assay and coimmunoprecipitation analysis, we report a protein-protein interaction between the DEN virus core protein and hnRNP K. The C-terminal hydrophilic region of the DEN virus core protein, spanning amino acid residues 73 to 100, is required for such interaction. Results of glutathione-S transferase binding assays indicated that the core protein-hnRNP K interaction might be abolished in the presence of hnRNP K cognate nucleic acids. Furthermore, in a cotransfection experiment, the repressive effect of hnRNP K on C/EBPbeta-mediated transcription activation could be reversed by full-length DEN virus core protein but not by a truncated form containing amino acids 1-72. Our results suggest that, on DEN virus infection, the multiple functions of cellular hnRNP K may be affected by the virus core protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗