Cadmium determination in human organs by Zeeman AAS. A postmortem investigation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H J Pesch
Publications and source records attributed to H J Pesch.
[Animal studies of the effects of distal occlusion on the TMJ].
In four adult monks of the "macaca fascicularis" genus we surgically shifted the mandible posteriorly by 5 mm in three animals and by 10 mm in one animal. After 83, 172, 273 and 354 experimental days, the animals were killed and the TM joints were prepared for patho-histological examination. Histomorphological changes could be observed above all in spongy and cortical bone situated close to the TMJ. There were no striking pathological findings, however, in condylar cartilage and the articular disk.
Animals↗
"Physiological osteoporosis" and "osteoblast insufficiency" in old age. Comparative radiological-morphometric and statistical studies on the spongy bone of lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies.
To investigate the expectation of general insufficiency of osteoblasts with increasing age, we studied autotopsy material from 105 deceased persons of both sexes who had died between 16 and 91 years and in whom clinically manifest diseases of the bone had been excluded. Quantitative morphometric examination of the structure of the spongy bone of the 3rd-5th lumbar vertebral bodies (LVBs) and of the 5th-7th cervical vertebral bodies (CVBs) was carried out in frontal and sagittal planes, the parameters analysed being volumetric density (Vv), surface density (Sv) and specific surface area (S/V), and the results were subjected to statistical evaluation. The results showed that in the three LVBs, Vv, Sv and S/V behave in a similar manner, Vv and Sv decreasing after the age of 50 years by more than one-third while S/V remains constant throughout life. The three lower CVBs had higher values than the LVBs for all three structural parameters. In the 7th CVB somewhat lower Vv and Sv values and higher S/V values were found than in the 5th and 6th. The age-related changes, by contrast, were very small. This differing behavior of the spongy bone in the two regions of the spinal column is an expression of the different characteristic loading forces in each regions: LVB loading is predominantly static, CVB loading mainly dynamic. Thus, from the functional point of view, what is known as "physiological osteoporosis due to ageing" is nothing more than adaptation by an ageing bone to physical activity, reflecting--like the bone of the young adult--the current loading of the cancellous bone by the actions of the musculoskeletal system. Since such physical activity is often age-related, the performance of the osteoblasts does not depend upon age per se, but merely on the remaining functional adaptive capacities of the ageing organism as whole.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
[Comparative structural analyses of the spongy bone of lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies. Radiological-morphometric and statistical studies].
To investigate the question as to a possible insufficiency of the osteoblasts with increasing age, autopsy material obtained from 105 deceased of both sexes at an age of 16 to 91 in whom clinically manifest bone diseases had been excluded, was studied. The structure of the spongy bone of the 3rd to 5th lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) and of the 5th to 7th cervical vertebral bodies (CVB) was examined quantitatively-morphometrically, and the results were submitted to a statistical evaluation. In the three LVB, Vv, Sv and S/V behave in a similar manner. Here, Vv and Sv decrease after the age of 50 by more than 1/3, while S/V remains constant throughout live. In all the structural parameters, the three lower CVB have higher values than do the LVB. The age-dependent changes, in contrast, are only very slight. This differing behaviour of the spongy bone in the two regions of the spinal column is an expression of the characteristic loading forces in the respective regions: LVB loading is predominantly static, CVB loading mainly dynamic. Thus, from this functional point of view, physiological osteoporosis due to aging, so-called, is merely an expression of an aging bone adapting - in the same way as the bone of a young adult - to the current loading forces acting upon it.
Adolescent↗
[Ossification of allogeneic solvent preserved ossicle transplants. Comparative histomorphologic studies in an animal experiment and human explants].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[Surgery of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland].
In literature opinion is divided, whether for treatment of pleomorphic adenoma in the parotid gland partial parotidectomy is adequate or complete parotidectomy is necessary. In a retrospective analysis of 123 complete parotidectomies in pleomorphic adenomas the macroscopic tumor extension was compared with the microscopic findings. Additionally 35 pleomorphic adenomas were examined in histological serial sections. The retrospective analysis showed in 6%, the serial sections in 11% microscopic tumor in the macroscopic tumorfree inner lobe. A clinical follow-up examination of 85 patients operated by complete parotidectomy because pleomorphic adenoma resulted in a relapse-quota of 3.5%. The function of the facial nerve was in most cases normal, in 8.2% a weakness of the mandibular branch was found. These results indicate that the risk to leave tumor can be reduced evidently by a complete parotidectomy.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
[Autoclaved bone grafts in prosthesis replacement of the hip].
Bone defects of the acetabulum caused by loosening of the socket of a total hip prosthesis can be filled in with autoclaved homologous cancellous bone grafts. Five months after surgery a radiological change in the bony structure is visible. Histological examination shows that new bone is formed around the autoclaved bone.
Acetabulum↗
Sedaghatian congenital lethal metaphyseal chondrodysplasia--observations in a second Iranian family and histopathological studies.
In 1980, Sedaghatian described in two brothers and one sister a neonatally lethal disorder associated with slight rhizomelic limb shortness, mild platyspondyly, and severe metaphyseal dysplasia. Here data are presented on another Iranian infant with the Sedaghatian syndrome who died on day 4 and was found to have histologic evidence of severe epimetaphyseal dysplasia. The occurrence in children of both sexes in one instance, born to normal parents who were first cousins, and currently apparent confinement of the disorder to Iranians suggests that the Sedaghatian syndrome is an autosomal recessive trait with high gene frequency in Iranians. This may be a more complexly pleiotropic syndrome than suggested by the roentgenograms, since one of Sedaghatian's patients also had "microphthalmia, asymmetry of ears, depressed nasal bridge, broad nose, short neck, prominent sternum, and short lower extremities."
Bone and Bones↗
Heterogeneity of osteogenesis imperfecta. Biochemical and morphological findings in a case of type III according to Sillence.
A male infant with pale-blue sclerae, who died at the age of 6 weeks through the aspiration of food, presented multiple fractures and deformation of the long tubular bones. The clinical and radiological findings and the course indicated osteogenesis imperfecta, type III, according to Sillence's classification. The family history was unremarkable. Light and electron microscopic studies of iliac crest bone obtained postmortem, showed an abrupt interruption of endochondral ossification, with an active periosteal ossification. In the region of the fractures, a mixed desmochondral callus was seen. The endoplasmic reticulum of the osteoblasts was markedly dilated, the mitochondria were swollen. The osteoid was reduced in quantity. A postmortem analysis of the collagen types I, II and III obtained from skin, cartilage and bone yielded chromatographically normal collagen constituents. An analysis of the amino acids of the collagen alpha-chains showed an increased hydroxylysine content. The radiological findings and the clinical course both indicated type III osteogenesis imperfecta: identical biochemical findings have been described only for type II. The morphological and biochemical findings described here may be a manifestation of a variable expressivity of type III osteogenesis imperfecta. On the other hand, heterogeneity of type II osteogenesis imperfecta cannot be ruled out.
Amino Acids↗
Structural changes of collagen fibrils in skeletal dysplasias. Ultrastructural findings in the iliac crest.
The skeletal dysplasias are constitutional, generalized or localized disorders of the skeletal system involving a disturbance of growth and/or bone density; their genetic transmission varies. Pathomorphologically, a combined functional-structural disturbance of the cartilaginous and/or bone tissue is present. Clinically, the result is varying degrees of dwarfism. Within the framework of a systematic examination of skeletal dysplasias, a total of 84 iliac crest specimens/biopsies obtained from stillborn infants and patients varying in age from a few days to 40 years, were investigated in the electron microscope. The sections prepared extended from the perichondrium through the proximal resting zone to the primary mineralization zone. The structure of the collagen fibrils was studied in diastrophic dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, the WOLCOTT-RALLISON syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. In diastrophic dysplasia, pseudoachondroplasia and idiopathic osteoporosis, the cartilaginous ground substance contains collagen fibrils that can vary considerably in length, structure and diameter. In one case of WOLCOTT-RALLISON syndrome, the lacunae of the chondrocytes are found to contain very wide amianthoid-like and inadequately aggregated collagen fibrils. In numerous cases, osteogenesis imperfecta reveals very fine and also irregularly structured collagen fibrils with scarcely discernible cross-striation in the region of the osteoid, which is of varying width. In some of the cases, catechin has a favourable effect on the formation of collagen fibrils, resulting in broader and more densely packed fibrils. In addition, the conditions are associated with considerable intracellular changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus and the mitochondria. The varying collagen fibril findings in the cartilage and bone tissue also represent a morphological marker of the combined functional-structural disorder of chondrocytes and/or osteoblasts, and an expression of the differing aetiopathogenesis.
Achondroplasia↗
Changes in serum transaminases, SDH and liver morphology after treatment with trypanocidal diamidines in mice.
The effects of 2 recently developed trypanocidal agents, Diamidinophenylindol (DAPI) and Diimidazolinophenylindol (DIPI) at doses of 10-30 micrograms/g intraperitoneally (i.p.) on serum GOT, GPT and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and on liver morphology have been investigated in mice. Pentamidine served as reference drug. Both agents caused dose-dependent increases in serum transaminases and SDH, and discrete morphological changes of the liver, e.g., fatty degenerations, azinoperipheral vacuolisation and alterations of the nuclei, at least at the higher dosage.
Alanine Transaminase↗
[Relevance of predamage in fibulotalar ligament rupture. Clinical and histological studies].
In 31 patients with a recent rupture of the fibulotalar ligament, the aetiology and the significance of prior traumatization were investigated clinically and histologically. History. All the patients reported that they had twisted the injured foot either once or on a number of occasions. Only five patients were able to identify a concrete accident. Intraoperatively, the anterior fibulotalar ligament showed scarring in addition to fresh rupture. Histologically, excisional biopsies (EB) obtained during surgery, also revealed fresh lesions affecting the collagenous tissue as well as granulation and/or scar tissue of varying age. Pre-traumatization of the fibulotalar ligament occurs as a result of simple twisting of the foot. This apparently insignificant trauma leads to microlesions which although they induce reparative processes that can be demonstrated histologically, produce a relevant diminishment of the resistance of the ligament to rupture. Thus, ligament rupture can readily be explained by the interaction of prior traumatization and a violent force. In comparison, prior degenerative lesions have no relevance. In the individual case, therefore, in addition to prior history, the nature of any accident and intraoperative findings, a histological examination should also be performed for an epicritical assessment of the aetiopathogenesis.
Adolescent↗
On the pathogenesis of spondylosis deformans and arthrosis uncovertebralis: comparative form-analytical radiological and statistical studies on lumbar and cervical vertebral bodies.
To investigate the etiopathogenesis of the common clinical symptoms of the lower lumbar spine (LS) and cervical spine (CS) (lower back pain and local cervical spine syndrome), the dimensions of the third to fifth lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) and the fifth to seventh cervical vertebral bodies (CVB) were studied quantitatively and morphometrically in frontal and sagittal planes, as a function of sex and age, in 105 human cadavers of both sexes aged between 16 and 91 years. The evaluation was done in X-ray pictures of 100-micron-thick polished bone sections with the aid of the Macro Facility of the Leitz Texture Analysis System. In each case, the maximum and minimum heights and widths and depths and the computed differences in heights, widths, and depths were determined. The results were evaluated statistically and compared within and between the two regions of the spine, using regression-correlation analyses. The heights, widths, and depths of the VB are all greater in men than in women; their behavior during ageing is, however, identical for both sexes. The heights of all the VB examined remain constant throughout life after termination of growth. The maximum widths and the width differences reveal an increase in both LVB and CVB in old age. All depth parameters reveal constancy in the case of the LVB but an increase in the case of the CVB in old age. The correlation coefficients of the maximum width of the VB within the spinal regions are very high in the LVB, but lower in the CVB. Between the two regions, in contrast, they are very low. This behavior suggests a superordinate action principle within each of the spinal regions which is based on characteristic anatomical construction and functional stressing. The static stressing of the LVB leads, laterally to disc protrusions. As a result of this, traction forces acting on the weak lateral elements of the anterior longitudinal ligament, stimulate the accretion of spondylotic osteophytes at the point of insertion of the ligament on the vertebral body. Anteriorly, in contrast, the particular strong anterior longitudinal ligament prevents such a remodelling process. Posteriorly, the longitudinal ligament is attached to the intervertebral discs, and can thus not stimulate the vertebral body to produce osteophytes. The dynamic stressing of the CVB leads laterally to friction between the VB in the region of the uncovertebral joints and to the formation of arthrotic osteophytes. Anteriorly, owing to the weak configuration of the anterior longitudinal ligament in this aspect, disc protrusion occur and, subsequently, spondylotic osteophytes accrete.
Adolescent↗
Investigation into the combined hepatotoxicity of rolitetracycline and ethinyloestradiol.
The effect of rolitetracycline (50 micrograms/g i.v.) alone or in combination with ethinylestradiol (0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/g s.c. once daily for 4 days) on liver function (BSP retention, serum GPT and SDH) and histomorphology was investigated in mice. Rolitetracycline alone increased liver weight, BSP-retention and serum GPT levels. Ethinylestradiol at the lower dose tended to enhance the BSP retention and the morphological changes of the liver produced by rolitetracycline but had no additional effect on the serum GPT and on liver weight. In contrast, hepatotoxic effects of the higher dose of ethinylestradiol were not further enhanced by rolitetracycline.
Animals↗
[Relevance of computed tomography to the fine-structure analysis of bone. A comparative radiological study].
Computed tomography, a relatively young X-ray imaging modality, has so far been mainly employed for the differentiation and densitometry of soft tissues. By modification of the image reconstruction algorithm spatial resolution was improved significantly such that imaging of fine structures and of high contrast boundaries became possible. The image characteristics of the high-resolution computed tomograms were investigated on petrous bones and lumbar vertebral bodies. In the petrous bone, an exact anatomic reconstruction of the bony structures of the inner ear is achieved. In vertebral bodies, imaging of spongiosa structures with 2 mm slice thickness and thereby an early diagnosis of osteoporosis are possible.
Bone and Bones↗
[Iliac crest biopsy as an indicator in the diagnosis of rare diseases].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Ossification principle of the laryngeal skeleton of the human and mammals. Comparative anatomic studies].
In 3 oxen, 24 deer, 40 common hares and 27 rabbits, the laryngeal cartilages, freed from soft tissue, were examined roentgenologically for ossification, and compared with the well-known ossification pattern of the human thyroid cartilage. In the human, the thyroid cartilage ossifies in four preferential directions: horizontal-caudal, vertical-lateral, vertical-median, and obliquely tongue-shaped; in cattle ossification in the three directions: horizontal-caudal, vertical-median, and vertical-lateral; and in the deer in two directions: median-concentric and vertical-lateral. The cricoid cartilage in cattle and deer ossifies at the lamina and the upper border of the arch, the arytenoid cartilages ossify at the muscular process. In the common hare the thyroid cartilage ossifies only rarely, the other cartilages, in common with the entire laryngeal skeleton of the rabbit, never. The cause of ossification of the laryngeal cartilages is their deformation by the muscles of the larynx. The differences in the ossification patterns in humans, cattle and deer are due to the species-specific mechanical stress determined by the respective anatomy. The absence of ossification in the common hare and rabbit, on the other hand, is an expression of too small a deformational stress of their laryngeal skeleton. Ossification and nonossification are examples of the same principle, the self-regulating adaptation of connective and supportive tissues to mechanical stresses.
Age Factors↗
Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: diabetes mellitus and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
In 1972, Wolcott and Rallison described three siblings with a combination of infancy-onset diabetes mellitus and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. We have observed a brother and sister with the same disorder. The chondro-osseous lesions are those of a spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. The diabetes mellitus is relatively mild. Histologic and electron microscopic studies of chondro-osseous tissue show findings similar to those in other epiphyseal and spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasias. In addition, however, atypical collagen-like fibres are found inside and outside chondrocytes. Collagen production seems to be normal in cultured fibroblasts. From the available data it appears that the association of characteristic chondro-osseous and endocrine abnormalities is non-random and that the lesions are independent manifestations of a pleiotropic gene. We propose to call this disorder the Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome.
Biopsy↗