Cine CT technique for dynamic airway studies.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cineradiography↗
Biomedical subjects
H Jolles
Publications and source records attributed to H Jolles.
The effect of lobar collapse on the distribution of free intrapleural air.
In patients with pneumothorax, the normal lung tends to maintain its original shape because its retractility is more or less uniform. Lobar collapse leads to a localized increase in the force of retraction and a greater tendency of air to collect in the overlying pleural space, sometimes leading to an unusual distribution of pleural air. Four cases of pneumothorax in supine patients with lobar collapse are presented. Knowledge of the factors governing the distribution of free pleural air is of value in the early detection of pneumothorax. In the presence of lobar collapse, and probably any degree of atelectasis secondary to airway obstruction, an unusual distribution of air should be expected.
Adolescent↗
Respiratory failure after endotoxin infusion in sheep: lung mechanics and lung fluid balance.
Infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (0.12-1.5 micrograms/kg) into unanesthetized sheep causes transient pulmonary hypertension and several hours of increased lung vascular permeability, after which sheep recover. To produce enough lung injury to result in pulmonary edema with respiratory failure, we infused larger doses of E. coli endotoxin (2.0-5.0 micrograms/kg) into 11 chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep and continuously measured pulmonary arterial, left atrial and aortic pressures, dynamic lung compliance, lung resistance, and lung lymph flow. We intermittently measured arterial blood gas tensions and pH, made interval chest radiographs, and calculated postmortem extravascular bloodless lung water-to-dry lung weight ratio (EVLW/DLW). Of 11 sheep 8 developed respiratory failure; 7 died spontaneously 6.3 +/- 1.1 h, and one was killed 10 h after endotoxin infusion. All sheep that had a premortem room air alveolar-arterial gradient in partial pressure of O2 (PAo2-Pao2) greater than 42 Torr (58 +/- 5 (SE) Torr) died. Of eight sheep that had radiographs made, six developed radiographically evident interstitial or interstitial and alveolar edema. Pulmonary artery pressure rose from base line 22 +/- 2 to 73 +/- 3 cmH2O and remained elevated above baseline levels until death. There was an initial fourfold decrease in dynamic compliance and sixfold increase in pulmonary resistance; both variables remained abnormal until death. EVLW/DLW increased with increasing survival time after endotoxin infusion, suggesting that pulmonary edema accumulated at the same rate in all fatally injured sheep, regardless of other variables. The best predictor of death was a high PAo2-Pao2. The marked increase in pulmonary resistance and decrease in dynamic compliance occurred too early after endotoxin infusion (15-30 min) to be due to pulmonary edema. The response to high-dose endotoxin in sheep closely resembles acute respiratory failure in humans following gram-negative septicemia. Respiratory failure and death in this model were not due to pulmonary edema alone.
Animals↗
The scapula companion shadow.
Eight examples of a scapula companion shadow are reported, and the ability of these shadows to simulate disease is discussed. They are seen on erect chest radiographs and their occurrence is favored by the loss of soft-tissue thickness. They result from an unusual position of the scapula and may simulate pleural or soft-tissue lesions.
Adolescent↗
Bladder calcification in the prune-belly syndrome.
Calcification of the bladder wall is described in two neonates with the prune-belly syndrome. The radiological and pathological findings are discussed and four additional cases are reviewed.
Abdominal Muscles↗
CT of ascites: differential diagnosis.
Forty-three patients with ascites were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). Neoplasm accounted for 72% of the cases; the remainder included inflammatory processes (10%), cirrhosis (8%), trauma (2%), renal transplant (2%), congestive heart failure (2%), and unknown (4%). An accuracy of 93% was achieved in correctly predicting the presence of ascites alone or together with a mass. The potential for diagnostic error when mass lesions coexist with ascites is discussed and parameters are described to help avoid such errors. These include: (1) knowledge of the normal anatomy of the fluid-filled intraperitoneal space and fluid flow patterns; (2) inspection of the intra-/extraperitoneal interface; and (3) evaluation of the bowel-mesentery pattern.
Ascites↗