Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Joshi.
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185 isolates of Plasmodium vivax were collected from patients visiting the malaria clinic run by the National Malaria Eradication Programme, Delhi, India. Percoll gradient centrifugation was used to concentrate P. vivax parasites from 0.4 to 0.5 ml of blood collected by finger prick. The parasite concentrate from each isolate was electrophoretically analysed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Variations were observed in GPI, GDH and ADA systems. Four electrophoretic forms of GPI and 5 each of GDH and ADA were observed. Electrophoretic mobilities of the different isoenzymic forms in P. vivax were identical to those reported for P. falciparum, indicating that the 2 species cannot be differentiated on the basis of electrophoretic patterns of the 4 enzyme systems studied.
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Variations in the allelic composition of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme systems of Plasmodium vivax were observed in isolates of Indian origin in 1985-1993. No significant difference was observed in allelic frequencies in different years. The data indicated random distribution of GPI, GDH and ADA alleles among the isolates, suggesting that loci for these enzymes were not linked. A high proportion of the isolates comprised at least 2 genetically distinct clones, the mean number of clones per isolate being 1.4. There was no significant difference in the number of oocysts in Anopheles stephensi fed on uniclonal and multiclonal isolates. No difference was observed in the proportions of uniclonal and multiclonal isolates during low and high transmission periods.
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Phagocytic, germ tube inducing and candidacidal activities were investigated in monolayers of peritoneal macrophages of rats. The phagocytic activities observed in macrophages of the healthy rats in the presence of normal serum, those in the presence of immune serum and of immunized rats in the presence of normal serum were 40%, 45.3% and 44.8% respectively. The percent of macrophages in which intracellular Candida formed germ tubes in the above three situations were 10, 9.59 and 10.19, respectively and the percent of intracellular Candida that formed germ tubes were 6.6, 3.7 and 4.1, respectively. The candidacidal activity observed in the above three sets of macrophages were 5.33%, 22.66% and 19.88%, respectively. Induction of germ tube in C. albicans in supplemented tissue culture medium containing normal serum was 15 per cent. These observations indicate that immunisation/sensitisation of individuals with C. albicans organisms does provide some degree of cell mediated immunity by activating macrophages. This may partly be due to the appearance of specific antibodies. It is likely that this type of immunity can be produced by subclinical infections during invasion by the commensal organism thus preventing further invasion establishment of infection and keeping the organism (C. albicans) in a state of commensalism. However, the degree of immunity so produced is so low that predisposing factors suppress it and allow establishment of infection.