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Biomedical subjects

H K Cho

Publications and source records attributed to H K Cho.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by multiple herbal agents in a pharmacist.

BACKGROUND: Herb agents have been widely used for centuries in the Orient and they have been cultivated throughout Asia. There have been a few cases of occupational allergy caused by herb materials. We report a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by six herb materials in a pharmacist working at a pharmacy. OBJECTIVE: We sought the role of immediate hypersensitivity in herbal agent-induced asthma in a pharmacist. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patient had strong positive responses on skin prick test to extracts of six herb materials: Chunkung (Cnidii rhizoma), Banha (Pinellia ternata), Sanyak (Dioscorea radix), Kangwhal (Ostericum koreanum), Danggui (Angelica radix), and Kunkang (Zingiberis rhizoma). Bronchoprovocation tests showed an early asthmatic response to Danggui extract. Serum specific IgE antibodies to Chunkung, Banha, and Sanyak were detected by ELISA with no specific IgE bindings to Kangwhal, Danggui, and Kunkang extracts. Twelve percent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and IgE immunoblotting revealed one IgE binding component (60 kD) within Chunkung extract, two (10, 25 kD) in Banha, and four (33, 34, 65, 98 kD) in Sanyak. Basophil histamine release test revealed that Danggui extract could release a greater amount of histamine from basophils in the patient than in a healthy control. CONCLUSIONS: Chunkung, Banha, and Sanyak may induce IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in an exposed worker, and Danggui can cause bronchoconstriction by direct histamine-releasing effect from mast cells in a sensitized patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bone densitometry in assessment of bone mineral density.

Osteoporosis is a serious disease characterized by low bone mineral density. Osteoporosis affects 24 million people annually and may be responsible for devastating hip, wrist and spinal fractures. Bone mineral density is considered the best predictor for osteoporotic fracture. Progress has been made toward noninvasive assessment of bone mineral density to provide early diagnosis of osteoporosis. A variety of methods are used to assess bone mineral density. These methods are presented and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is discussed in detail.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1999

Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin administered by continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) to patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis.

The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin administered by continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) was characterized in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cisplatin was added into the perfusate with escalating doses from 100 mg/m2 to 400 mg/m2. The hyperthermic perfusion was maintained for 90 minutes with a flow rate of 1.5 L/min and a target peritoneal temperature of 42.5 degrees C after a tumor debulking procedure. Samples of both the perfusate and blood were obtained during the perfusion and 30 minutes after the perfusion. Cisplatin plasma and perfusate concentrations were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry with a lower limit of detection of 2 ng/ml and a coefficient of variation (CV) < 10%. Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the study. The mean (+/- SD) percentage of cisplatin present in the perfusate at the completion of perfusion was 27.8% +/- 20% of the total dose. The maximum cisplatin concentrations in the perfusate were 10 times higher than those in plasma. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the perfusate was 13 times higher than the AUC of plasma. A two-compartment model with an additional peritoneal cavity compartment fits to the data best based on the Akaike information criterion. However, the interpatient variability was considerably high (CV < 100%). In conclusion, cisplatin administered by hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion resulted in a pharmacological advantage by obtaining higher and direct drug exposure to the tumor in the peritoneal cavity while limiting systemic absorption and toxicity. Using a complex two-compartment model, the authors were able to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin given intraperitoneally via this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A Phase II study of high-dose tamoxifen in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Micromolar concentrations of tamoxifen inhibit the activity of protein kinase C and were recently shown to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in preclinical studies. Because micromolar concentrations can be attained with high-dose therapy, the clinical activity of high-dose tamoxifen was evaluated in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Between December 1993 and February 1997, 30 patients with hormone-refractory metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate were continuously administered tamoxifen at 160 mg/m2/day. Therapy was continued until disease progression. All study patients had failed prior treatment with combined androgen blockade, had castrate levels of testosterone, and were heavily pretreated, having received a median of three prior regimens. The average steady-state plasma concentration of tamoxifen was 2.96+/-1.32 microM (mean +/- SD). Grade 3 neurotoxicity was observed in 29% of patients and was rapidly reversible and readily managed with dose modification. Otherwise, grade 3 toxicities were rare. One partial response (80% decline in prostate-specific antigen) was observed (3.3%), whereas disease stabilization was observed in six patients (20%), for a combined partial response/stable disease response rate of 23%. Median time to progression was 2.1 months, and median survival time was 10.5 months. High-dose tamoxifen therapy was well tolerated and associated with micromolar concentrations of tamoxifen in human plasma, and it demonstrated activity, albeit limited, in a heavily pretreated patient cohort with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. These findings suggest that further investigation of the role of protein kinase C modulation in prostate cancer is warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Substrate transport and cocaine binding of human dopamine transporter is reduced by substitution of carboxyl tail with that of bovine dopamine transporter.

A chimeric dopamine transporter (DAT) cDNA encoding mutant human DAT (hDAT) protein in which the intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail is replaced by that of the bovine dopamine transporter (bDAT) was constructed. The chimeric hDAT cDNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, and [3H]dopamine and [3H]MPP+ uptake and [3H]CFT binding capacities were assessed. Substrate transport and ligand binding of bDAT were reduced by 32-43% as a result of substitution of the carboxyl tail in hDAT, suggesting that the functional characteristics of bDAT arise from differences in the carboxyl tail between human and bovine DAT. Thus, it appears that the sequences encoded within the carboxyl terminal of DAT would be one of the important determinants for its functions.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗
PubMed1997

Neuroleptic drugs alter the dopamine transporter-mediated uptake and release of dopamine: a possible mechanism for drug-induced tardive dyskinesia.

A bovine dopamine transporter (bDAT) cDNA was transfected into CV-1 cells, a cell line that lacks vesicular storage and release mechanisms. Using this cell line, the effects of neuroleptic drugs on DAT-mediated uptake and release of dopamine (DA) were examined. All of the neuroleptic drugs tested, inhibited DA uptakes in DAT expressing cells, and most of them were shown to promote spontaneous release of DA at the same time. These results imply that neuroleptic drugs would cause an overflow of DA in the synaptic cleft of extrapyramidal dopaminergic neurons, which could be one of the possible mechanisms of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

False lateralization of seizure perceived by a patient with infarction of the right parietal lobe who showed the neglect syndrome.

A 66-year-old right-handed man developed seizures characterized by an electric sensation and convulsive movements involving the left arm, which sometimes secondarily generalized. The patient, however, reported that the seizures occurred in his right arm. Neurological examination showed many features of left hemineglect, including allesthesia, secondary to acute infarction of the right parietal lobe. Although allesthetic response was not documented during the seizure, it is likely that sensory symptoms of the seizures were localized inappropriately or that he had false memory for lateralization of seizures. In this case, the neglect syndrome caused by infarction of the right parietal lobe extended to symptoms of the seizure itself.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of photocoagulation lesions produced by transpupillary diode laser in the rabbit retina.

Transpupillary retinal photocoagulations were performed on ten eyes of five pigmented rabbits using a diode laser (Nidek Co., LTD, Aichi, Japan) emitting infrared radiation at 800 nm wavelength. A histological and an ultrastructural study on the treated eyes were done at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after retinal photocoagulations. The purpose of this study was to observe the sequential changes in the retina and the choroid following transpupillary diode laser retinal photocoagulations at the parameters of laser power which produced a grayish white retinal discoloration with distinct white center. It seemed that the lesion was grade 3 retinal photocoagulation by Tso et al's classification. It appeared that the parameters necessary to produce grade 3 photocoagulation lesions were 160 mW power, and 0.2 second duration at 200 microns size. In general, with an agreement to other reports, histologic study of the diode laser lesions showed that the outer retina was damaged more severely than the inner retina. However, on day 1 after laser treatment, the alterations were more profound in the inner retina than in the outer retina and an occasional swelling of the axons in the nerve fiber layer was observed on the ultrastructural study. The results observed have not been found in other previous studies and suggest that the inner retina might be injured directly by 800 nm wavelength diode laser radiations. Thus we could conclude that 800 nm wavelength diode radiation might be absorbed by melanin pigment and also by other chromophores contained in inner retinal tissues. Further studies must follow to verify the laser-tissue interactions in diode laser retinal photocoagulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Collagen shields and intraocular drug delivery: concentration of gentamicin in the aqueous and vitreous of a rabbit eye after lensectomy and vitrectomy.

Five albino New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral lensectomy and vitrectomy. All left eyes were fitted with a collagen shield that had been soaked for 5 min in 2.0 mL of gentamicin solution (40 mg/mL for IV use). Right eyes were treated with fortified gentamicin drops (13.6 mg/mL) every 30 min for 12 hrs. Aqueous and vitreous specimens were obtained at the following time intervals: 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hrs. We found the gentamicin concentrations to be higher in the aqueous of all eyes treated with fortified gentamicin drops. Only those eyes treated with fortified gentamicin drops attained a therapeutic drug level (4 micrograms-9 micrograms/mL) in the aqueous. Therapeutic drug levels were not attained in the vitreous of either treatment group.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Microphthalmos with cyst--case presentation.

The author has experienced a case of microphthalmos with large orbital cyst in a 4 months old female, that was found at the time of birth. To facilitate fitting a cosmetic prosthesis, the microphthalmos with cyst was removed surgically. On serial section I could find an area of discontinuation of the sclera that was suspected to be the defective closure of the embryonic cleft. Some aberrant retinal tissue was found in the wall of the cyst, and markedly disorganized ocular tissue forming a tumor-like mass filled the microphthalmic eyeball. In view of these histopathologic findings I could draw the conclusion that developmental failure of the embryonic eyeball and consequential proliferation of the embryonic neuroepithelial cells occurred at an early developmental stage causing the formation of microphthalmos with cyst.

Cysts↗
PubMed1991

A case of intrapericardial extralobar pulmonary sequestration--first case in Korea.

Extralobar pulmonary sequestration, known as accessory lung, is a rare congenital anomaly and intrapericardial lung sequestration is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only four reported cases were intrapericardial. We report a case with intrapericardial extralobar pulmonary sequestration confirmed by operation and morphologic basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of aminoguanidine on the blood-retinal barrier in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG) on the blood-retinal barrier was studied in rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes. Half of the rats were given AG (100 mg/kg/day) while the remainder received no treatment. Vitreous fluorophotometry was performed on all rats before STZ injection and 2 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus. Two weeks after STZ injection the mean 60-minute vitreous fluorescein concentration following dye injection had increased more in the nontreated group than in the AG-treated group, suggesting that AG may have some beneficial effect on the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Edrophonium responsiveness not necessarily diagnostic of myasthenia gravis.

Uneqivocally positive edrophonium tests, both clinically and electrophysiologically, were observed in a classic case of the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. A review of the literature revealed that a positive edrophonium response has been reported in a majority of cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) and overlap myasthenic syndrome and in some cases of the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, botulism, congenital myasthenic syndrome, drug-induced myasthenic syndrome, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. From this, we conclude that an unequivocally positive edrophonium test alone is not necessarily diagnostic of MG and that the diagnosis of MG should be based on the clinical features together with edrophonium-responsiveness and other laboratory findings.

Edrophonium↗
PubMed1989

Posterior antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy: case report.

We are reporting the first case of posterior antebrachial cutaneous (PABC) neuropathy which was confirmed by the sensory nerve conduction test. PABC neuropathy and radial nerve palsy developed after an intramuscular injection in this case. Sensory nerve conduction study of the PABC nerve showed slow nerve conduction velocity but normal amplitude of compound nerve action potential (CNAP). Follow-up testing revealed an increase in the CNAP amplitude and normalization of nerve conduction velocity in the PABC nerve. Our study demonstrates that PABC neuropathy can be confirmed by the sensory nerve conduction test.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dextropreponderance of corpus luteum rupture. A clinical study.

A retrospective study of 55 consecutive patients with cystic corpora lutea, corpus luteum cysts or hematomas was undertaken to verify the observation of a right-side predominance in the incidence of rupture. Thirty-nine patients had a ruptured corpus luteum diagnosed surgically and confirmed histologically. No difference was observed in the overall distribution, the volume of hemorrhage or the size of the cysts between the two sides. A statistically significantly higher incidence of rupture was found on the right side (81.25%) as compared to the left (56.52%). We propose a working hypothesis of a difference in the ovarian venous architecture that causes a higher intraluminal pressure in the right corpus luteum and the dextropreponderance of ruptures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Atypical presentation of female genital tract tuberculosis.

Three patients with atypical presentation of female genital tract tuberculosis are reported. Tuberculous hydrosalpinx with abdominal peritonitis, concomitant ectopic gestation with active salpingitis and tuberculous endometritis presenting as postmenopausal vaginal discharge are uncommon clinical manifestations. The age distribution, the importance of careful histological examination and the available methods for follow-up are discussed in the appropriate cases.

Adult↗