Biomedical subjects

H K Goering

Publications and source records attributed to H K Goering.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Utilization of energy and nitrogen by yearling Holstein cattle fed direct-cut alfalfa or orchardgrass ensiled with formic acid plus formaldehyde.

First-growth orchardgrass and alfalfa were harvested at two stages of maturity, treated with formic acid plus formaldehyde, and ensiled as direct-cut silage during 1978 and 1979. The 1978 silages were fed to eight yearling Holstein heifers (average BW 273 kg), and the 1979 silages were fed to eight yearling Holstein steers (average BW 264 kg) in replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiments to measure total energy and N balance using the Beltsville open-circuit respiration calorimeters. Silage was offered daily at 70 g of DM/kg.75 BW, a rate that was essentially ad libitum for late-maturity orchardgrass, but restricted for the other three silages within each experiment. Cattle fed alfalfa used ME for growth with greater efficiency (55%) than did cattle fed orchardgrass (40%). Cattle fed orchardgrass achieved the same tissue N retention at a lower total N intake than did cattle fed alfalfa. Differences in tissue N retention were accounted for by differences in N intake insoluble in autoclaved ruminal fluid, but soluble in acid detergent, a fraction termed available N. At equal intake of ME and available N, cattle fed alfalfa gained more tissue energy than those fed orchardgrass and gained tissue protein similarly to cattle fed orchardgrass. Fractions composing digestible OM were different between forage types but similar within forage type between maturities at harvest. More efficient use of ME for growth by animals fed alfalfa compared with orchardgrass may be related to differences in digestible OM composition, load of digestive tract content, and composition of absorbed nutrients.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Composition of formaldehyde- and formic acid-treated alfalfa and orchardgrass silages harvested at two maturities and their effects on intake and growth by Holstein heifers.

Alfalfa and orchardgrass herbages were each harvested at two maturities (May 22 to 25 vs June 5 to 7) in primary growth and directly ensiled with 5 kg of a mixture of 30% formic acid and 25% formaldehyde per metric ton of fresh herbage in upright conventional silos. Alfalfa silage contained less NDF (71%) and more N (150%) and hot-water-insoluble N (117%) than orchardgrass silage did. Major differences between silages were that orchardgrass contained 20.4 percentage units more NDF and 1.10 percentage units less N than alfalfa. The NDF increased 104% and total N decreased to 86% with advancing maturity. Twenty-eight yearling Holstein heifers (223 kg BW) were given ad libitum access to the four silages with trace mineral salt, and growth rate was measured in a 119-d period. Daily DE intake was 297 kcal/kg.75 BW for heifers fed alfalfa silage compared with 202 kcal/kg.75 BW for heifers fed orchardgrass silage. Daily gain was 992 g for heifers fed alfalfa compared with 661 g for heifers fed orchardgrass. Gross efficiency, or gain per unit of DE, was similar for heifers fed orchardgrass and alfalfa. Rate of gain was primarily a function of ad libitum intake of DE. Heifers fed alfalfa had greater plasma essential amino acid concentrations (122%) than those fed orchardgrass did. Late alfalfa produced greater ADG than orchardgrass harvested 2 wk earlier.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1991

Voluntary intake, growth rate, and tissue retention by Holstein steers fed formaldehyde- and formic acid-treated alfalfa and orchardgrass silages.

Alfalfa and orchardgrass herbages of similar digestibility were harvested at early and late maturity from primary growth and conserved as direct-cut silage using formic acid and formaldehyde simultaneously. Major compositional differences between the silages were lower NDF (principally hemicellulose) and a greater N content in alfalfa than in orchardgrass. An initial group of eight steers was slaughtered with a mean BW of 222 kg, and each of the four silages was fed to comparable groups of eight Holstein steers. Ad libitum DMI per unit of metabolic BW for alfalfa silages was 128% of that for orchardgrass silages. The ADG of steers fed alfalfa silages was 132% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Despite greater ad libitum intake, total gut fill, as a percentage of BW, on alfalfa silages was 77% of that on orchardgrass silages. Daily empty BW gain of steers fed alfalfa silages was 158% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Daily energy retention of steers fed alfalfa silages was 180% of that of steers fed orchardgrass silages. Steers fed alfalfa silages retained 140% more protein than steers fed orchardgrass silages did, but steers fed alfalfa silages retained only 71% as much protein energy relative to their total energy retention compared with steers fed orchardgrass silages. Differences in composition of daily energy retained were almost totally a result of differences in the total daily energy retention. Late alfalfa silage produced a greater daily gain than orchardgrass silage cut 2 wk earlier because greater intake compensated for lower digestibility.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1977

Feeding polyunsaturated vegetable oils to lactating cows.

Holstein cows fed concentrate:hay diets also were fed for 14 days supplements of soybean oil plus casein, soybean oil protected from ruminal hydrogenation by encapsulation in a casein-formaldehyde matrix, cottonseed oil plus casein, or cottonseed oil protected with casein formaldehyde. The supplements were fed at rates to give a linoleic acid (18:2) intake of 225 g/day. Yields of milk and milk protein were not affected by treatment. Milk 18:2 was not increased by the unprotected soybean oil or cottonseed oil but was increased by protected soybean and cottonseed oil from a control of 2.3 to 5.7% of total milk fat. Milk 18:0 and 18:1 also increased. Compensatory declines were observed in milk 16:0 and 14:0 acids. In fecal fatty acids during the treatment periods, percentage of 18:2 of the total fat decreased and 18:0 markedly increased. These results indicate hydrogenation of the dietary oils in the alimentary tract or a differential absorption. Fecal 16:0 and 14:0 decreased.

Animals↗