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Biomedical subjects

H Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to H Köhler.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Occurrence of so-called spontaneous ruptures in the rectum of horses. 1. Pathologicoanatomic and experimental studies].

In the ampulla roof of the wave-like extending horse rectum the muscular coat is only weakly developed as a deltoid-shaped tuna muscularis area, thus forming a place of minor resistance. With regard to the degree of development of the muscular coat a rectal ampulla with a stable form and strong muscles can be distinguished from an ampulla with a labile form and weak muscles. The rupture of the intestinal wall in this region in the case of rupture-experiments as well as the frequent occurrence of diverticula reveals this area as being a place of minor resistance which requires extreme caution during rectal examination. The forensic judgement of a rectal perforation has to be based on detailed pathoanatomical investigations. If the rules of veterinary art had been neglected, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is being out of consideration. If all rules of veterinary art, however, had fully been observed during rectal exploration, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is very difficult to be obtained, when a perforation or a rupture has resulted. Only if the rupture is located in the dorsal part of the rectum, there exists the possibility, that it is a spontaneous one, if anatomical conditions, thickness of the muscular coat or the presence of diverticula do support this.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The problem with the occurrence of so-called spontaneous ruptures of the rectum in horses. 2: Forensic evaluation].

In the ampulla roof of the wave-like extending horse rectum the muscular coat is only weakly developed as a deltoid-shaped tunica muscularis area, thus forming a place of minor resistance. With regard to the degree of development of the muscular coat a rectal ampulla with a stable form and strong muscles can be distinguished from an ampulla with a labile form and weak muscles. The rupture of the intestinal wall in this region in the case of rupture-experiments as well as the frequent occurrence of diverticula reveals this area as being a place of minor resistance which requires extreme caution during rectal examination. The forensic judgement of a rectal perforation has to be based on detailed pathoanatomical investigations. If the rules of veterinary art had been neglected, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is being out of consideration. If all rules of veterinary art, however, had fully been observed during rectal exploration, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is very difficult to be obtained, when a perforation or a rupture has resulted. Only if the rupture is located in the dorsal part of the rectum, there exists the possibility, that it is a spontaneous one, if anatomical conditions, thickness of the muscular coat or the presence of diverticula do support this.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Alcohol and IgA in the kidney].

Patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease show an increase in serum IgA with a preferential elevation of polymeric IgA. Furthermore, immune complexes containing IgA can be demonstrated. These changes may be explained by an alcohol-induced increase in intestinal permeability to macromolecular antigens leading to an IgA response, and by a decreased hepatic clearance of polymeric IgA not dependent on a secretory component. The prevalence of glomerular IgA deposits amounts to 50% in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis examined at autopsy. Polymeric and monomeric IgA, partially as immune complexes can be detected. However, urinary symptoms very rarely occur. The factors leading to glomerulonephritis following IgA deposition are poorly understood.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1985

[Behavior of late ventricular potentials in acute experimental myocardial ischemia].

Locally retarded depolarizations of the ischaemic myocardium are regarded as frequent trigger mechanisms of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias. Up to now, however, there are scarcely systematic investigations concerning their concrete developmental conditions in man, since late potentials can be made evident only by means of expensive invasive methods or signal mediation techniques. Therefore, an animal model should be built, which is suitable for the control of new therapy conceptions with antiarrhythmic drugs. The investigations were performed on 22 pigs in whom under insufflation anaesthesia altogether 10 pressure, flow and contractility parameters as well as 6 epicardial ECG signals were continuously recorded. The episodes of ischaemia were caused by LAD occlusions of different duration and intensity. Typical late potentials could be registered in 5 animals who all had survived complete interruptions of the coronary blood flow of longer than 10 min. The mean duration of the late potentials was 20 +/- 9.2 ms, their amplitudes reached from 150 to 600 microV. Also with regard to time and cycle constancy, the delay of the late Q-potential and the morphology they corresponded to the homogeneous phenomenon, known from man. They always could be derived only from electrodes outside the immediate zone of ischaemia. Neither partial occlusions nor complete interruption of the coronary blood flow in intervals shorter than 10 minutes led to the development of a late potential. The animal model used altogether appears very suitable to investigate the medicamentous influencibility of arrhythmogenic areas of the myocardium under direct control of the dynamic behaviour of ventricular late potentials.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Rare association of herpes simplex virus IgM-specific antibodies and Guillain-Barré syndrome successfully treated with plasma exchange and immunosuppression.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been associated with various neurological disorders. In contrast, HSV infection is very rarely found in acute polyneuroradiculitis. In this report, a patient is described with a severe course of Guillain-Barr¿ syndrome (GBS). HSV IgM-specific antibodies and a rise of complement-fixation antibodies were detected. During the acute phase of neurologic syndrome, a nerve biopsy showed myelin damage and IgM deposits on the inner layer of the perineurium. Plasma exchange, in combination with immunosuppression, was successfully applied as a treatment in the relapsing course of GBS. Finally, after recovery, HSV-specific IgM antibodies disappeared.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Lipid peroxides and antioxidants in the blood of patients with arteriosclerotic circulatory disorders].

Malondialdehyde, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase and selenium were analysed in the blood of 96 male patients with arteriosclerotic obstructive disease in the region of the leg. Of these 32 patients additionally had manifestations of a coronary or cerebral arteriosclerosis. In the parameters mentioned no significant differences were found between patients with general arteriosclerosis and isolated arteriosclerosis of the leg. Patients with arteriosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinaemia revealed higher values of malondialdehyde than patients without hyperlipoproteinaemia. No correlations were found between malondialdehyde and total cholesterol, triglycerides, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase as well as selenium.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1985

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in human sera: detection by a modified micro-ELISA.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to human glomerular basement membrane has been developed. Special emphasis has been put on the choice of microtiter plates which were coated with a collagenase digest of human glomerular basement membrane. Results differed markedly between the different microtiter plates. Best results were obtained with a flexible polyvinylchloride microtiter plate with flat wells (Dynatec). This plate exhibited the highest positive/negative ratio and the lowest intraassay standard deviation. Optimal conditions for each step in the ELISA have been determined. The assay proved to be specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Circulating antibodies in each of 11 patients with active antiglomerular basement membrane disease were detected by the ELISA, while sera from patients with various renal and nonrenal diseases were negative by the test.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonic findings in analgesic nephropathy.

34 patients with analgesic nephropathy (AN) were investigated by real-time ultrasonography. In 11 out of 14 patients on maintenance dialysis and in 16 out of 20 patients with renal insufficiency calcified renal papillae were documented surrounding the central sinus in a typical garland pattern. Moreover, by surveying a group of patients with renal insufficiency of unknown origin, AN was assumed in 10 patients and was then confirmed by a hitherto unknown history of analgesic abuse as well as by laboratory findings. In 37 patients radiologic or autopsy data were additionally available. A close correlation to the scanning pattern was found in 31 of these patients. In 30 healthy volunteers and 56 patients with renal insufficiency due to chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 24) or diabetic nephropathy (n = 32) calcified renal papillae were found only in 1 case. 5 out of 20 patients on maintenance dialysis due to other diseases than AN showed renal calcifications forming an approximate garland arrangement. In these patients sonography may therefore indicate AN only in very characteristic cases. We believe that renal papillary calcifications surrounding the central sinus in a garland pattern may indicate AN in most cases and thus may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of AN.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in IgA/IgG cryoglobulinemia.

Mixed IgA/IgG cryoglobulins were found in the serum of a 48-year-old man suffering from rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) with crescent formation. The type-II cryoglobulins were composed of monoclonal IgA1-kappa and polyclonal IgG, with the IgA possessing antibody activity against the IgG. The RPGN was of the immune complex type with granular deposits of IgA, IgG, and C3 on immunofluorescence microscopy and preponderant subendothelial deposits on electron microscopy. Occluding protein thrombi could be demonstrated in several glomerular capillary loops. Removal of the cryoglobulins from the patient's serum by plasmapheresis and immunosuppression was paralleled by a remarkable improvement in renal function with fall of serum creatinine values from 13.6 mg/dl (1,202.2 mumol/l) to 2.8 mg/dl (247.5 mumol/l), a resolution of the glomerular lesions, and clinical improvement as well. Our observations suggest that the crescentic glomerulonephritis may be due to an immune complex-like deposition of the cryoproteins. We conclude that crescentic glomerulonephritis in IgA/IgG cryoglobulinemia has to be considered as an autoimmune form of RPGN.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Idiotype regulation: a model for B cell tolerance.

Immunological tolerance represents an individual's nonresponsiveness to self-antigens or foreign antigens. Inasmuch as the mechanism of self-nonself discrimination tolerance is unknown, it remains an area of active investigation because of its implied involvement in certain immune disorders. In this paper we discuss neonatal idiotype suppression and internal idiotope vaccination as models for B cell tolerance. The results demonstrate opposite aspects of idiotope regulation. Neonatal idiotype suppression represents an anti-idiotype-induced establishment of tolerance, whereas an internal antigen vaccine overcomes an established tolerance to self-antigens. New views on the functional importance of idiotype self-tolerance are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinico-experimental studies of therapy optimization in kidney tuberculosis].

The use of antituberculotic short-term chemotherapeutic methods did not yet make its way on a larger scale in the treatment of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis on account of supposed peculiarities of the terrain. Therefore, the present clinical and experimental study had the aim to investigate the distribution of INH and RMP in the kidney and the radiometrical determination of their concentration directly in the tuberculous focus of the kidney. For this purpose the tritium labelling of the two basis antituberculotics mentioned was carried out. Apart from the description of the applied working and measuring technique, questions of the distribution of medicaments are discussed. The results made evident that also in kidneys widely destroyed by tuberculosis both INH after an intravenous application of 300 mg and RMP after oral application of 600 mg even in large tuberculous caverns achieve antimycobacterially effective concentrations. Indeed, there are considerable differences, however, the values were always far above the minimum inhibition concentration. Thus there are no terrain-caused peculiarities for the tuberculous kidney and also no restrictions as to the use of an optimized antituberculotic chemotherapy. The same is probably also applied to all other forms of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The newly developed method distinguishes itself by a high measuring exactness and could analogously be used in questions of the chemotherapy of malignant tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Electrically activated blood].

By means of direct current electrically activated blood (EAB) is an endogenous thrombogenic substance. One vessel is occluded permanently by an agglutinative thrombus after injecting such blood. So the thrombosis can be simulated in experiment. In face of the endogenous fibrinolysis EAB proved more resistant than spontaneously coagulated blood and also after adding thrombus in vitro. An iodinated X-ray contrast medium (Visotrast 370) prevents the thrombosis of an artery by EAB.

Animals↗