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Biomedical subjects

H Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to H Köhler.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Allogeneic transplantation of isolated islands of Langerhans into the liver of diabetic dogs with reference to its immunologic aspects].

By means of collagenase digestion and Ficoll gradient separation technique, viable islets of Langerhans were isolated from canine pancreases. These islets were transplanted into the liver of diabetic dogs. An experimental diabetes was induced by subtotal pancreatectomy and an application of 25 mg streptocotocin/kg bodyweight done twice. We performed the islet transplantation in several groups: 5 dogs differed from the donors by a strong histoincompatibility (EM-Test more than 15%). 5 dogs with a weak histoincompatibility and immunosuppression by Imuran and anti-thymocyte serum. The best results after transplantation were reached in the group with immunosuppression. There was an ameliorate effect on the hyperglycemia over a period of one year and we found significant differences in the glucose tolerance tests and in the immunoreactive insulin concentrations in contrast to the diabetic control dogs. No signs of portal hypertension and disturbance of the liver function were observed over the whole time of observations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ultrasonic findings in analgesic nephropathy.

Thirty-four patients with analgesic nephropathy (AN) were investigated by realtime ultrasonography. In 11 of 14 dialysis patients and in 16 of 20 patients with renal insufficiency calcified renal papillae were documented surrounding the internal echo in a typical garland pattern. Incomplete garland pattern of papillary calcifications or development of hydronephrosis occurred in patients with a history of renal colic due to detachment of necrotic papillae. Moreover, AN was assumed in 10 patients with renal insufficiency of unknown origin after detection of typical ultrasonic signs of AN and confirmed by a hitherto unknown history of analgesic abuse.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Pathophysiology of gravidity.

Regulating processes during embryonal and fetal growth are discussed (genes, hormones). Due to viral infections there can be disorder of fetal life (resorption, mumification, abortion and malformations). Mucosal Disease is hold up as an example to describe that it depends on the moment of infection, on the development of immunologic competence and on the qualities of the virus, what happens after infection. The development of immunologic competence is considered carefully. An infection with Mucosal Disease-virus can find expression in disorders of intrauterine development, malformations, manifest nerval symptoms and death because of viral reproduction in the fetus. Pathogenesis of the disturbance of the development of the central nervous system and of the skin are discussed in detail. Infection with Mucosal Disease-virus and infection with Blue Tongue-virus are compared. Different to the development of these viruses is the IBR-virus, with propagates mainly in trophoblasts. This virus causes fetal death because of anoxia or brings about necrosis in the fetus. Similar to this virus is the virus of Aujeszky's Disease, different to this virus is the Hog Cholera-virus. Except of abortion and still-birth, after infection with this virus suckling pigs can be born, which show hypoplasia of the cerebellum or dysmyelogenesis. Furthermore they can be immunologically tolerant. In conclusion there is a comment on the Parvovirus infection, which results in the SMEDI-Syndrome (stillbirth, mumification, embryonic-death, infertility): effect of infection of gametes via sperm is infertility, because there is no decomposition of corpus luteum graviditatis, the sow acts as if she is pregnant. The economical loss is extremely high.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The garland type of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: morphological characteristics and follow-up studies.

Among 44 patients with acute post-infectious GN, we found 11 cases (10 male, 1 female) displaying an immunohistologically and electron microscopically characteristic "garland pattern". Numerous sub-epithelial deposits of the "hump" type with characteristic patchiness correspond in the electron micrograph to densely packed deposits (IgG, always combined with C3, more rarely also with IgM) demonstrable immunohistologically on the peripheral loops. On the other hand, sub-endothelial, mesangial and intramembranous deposits are less prominent. Clinically, the patients have a strikingly high proteinuria. Follow-up studies have revealed that in a proportion of the patients both the clinical and the morphological findings can regress after a month long course. These are mainly younger patients. On the other hand, in another group of cases (mainly older patients) both the clinical and the morphological findings persist even after months. Within acute post-infectious GN, the "garland type" appears to form a particular group in which a large proteinuria (with or without nephrotic syndrome) and a tendency to chronicity or at least to a protracted course is present in a relatively high percentage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Interaction of metoprolol, propranolol and atenolol with concurrent administration of cimetidine.

Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, propranolol, and atenolol were investigated in six healthy volunteers following 7 days of oral monotherapy with these drugs, and after 7 days concurrent administration of each of these betareceptor antagonists with cimetidine. Application of cimetidine did not lead to any interaction with atenolol, whereas mean peak plasma levels of metoprolol were increased by 70%, and those of propranolol by 95% due to concurrent administration of cimetidine (P less than 0.05). The plasma level time curve (AUC) of the two above-mentioned beta blockers behaved similarly (P less than 0.05). Other kinetic parameters of these two drugs were not influenced to a statistically significant extent by cimetidine, despite the tendency for the elimination half-life of metoprolol and propranolol to be prolonged when cimetidine is added. Measurement of exercise-induced tachycardia on the sixth day of administration showed no differences between monotherapy with the beta blockers and combined treatment with each of them together with cimetidine. Apart from one volunteer who complained of anxiety, weakness, and sweating on the sixth day of cimetidine/metoprolol administration, no adverse effects could be observed during the combination therapy with cimetidine and the beta blockers, nor during monotherapy with beta blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Trace elements and lipid parameters in arteriosclerotic circulatory disorders by polyene fatty acids].

In 106 patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic obturating disease low values of serum magnesium as well as an increase of the relation of vasoaggressive to vasoprotective lipoproteins could be established. Under a polyene fatty acid diet (40 ml sunflower oil or linseed oil a day) the serum copper values significantly decreased, whereas of the indices of arteriosclerosis only in the linseed oil group of apolipoprotein-B/A-quotient, in the sunflower oil group the triglyceride level decreased statistically significantly. Therefore the favourable influences of physical conditioning as well as of pharmacotherapy on the disturbed lipoprotein metabolism of patients with vascular diseases should additionally be used.

Arteriosclerosis Obliterans↗
PubMed1982

Regulatory idiotypes. T helper cells recognize a shared VH idiotope on phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies.

Priming of BALB/c mice with phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin (PC-Hy) induces T helper cells that are detected in splenic fragment cultures responding to immunization with trinitrophenylated PC-binding myeloma proteins, TEPC 15 (TNP-T15) and MOPC 167 (TNP-M167). Trinitrophenylation did not alter the binding site, idiotype, or isotype of the antibodies as demonstrated by binding studies. To assay idiotype-recognizing helper cells, Ly-2.2-depleted T cells from PC-Hy-primed donor mice were transferred to syngeneic athymic mice. Splenic anti-trinitrophenol fragment cultures were prepared from the nude recipients, and the response to TNP-T15 and TNP-M167 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of responding fragments is dependent on the number of transferred primed T cells. The homing efficiency of 51Cr-labeled helper cells into the spleen of nude recipients was determined. The frequencies of T helper cells taken from PC-Hy-primed donors required for a B cell response to TNP-T15 or TNP-M167 were indistinguishable. The fine specificity of the anti-PC idiotype-recognizing T helper cells was studied by adding hapten (PC) or unconjugated myeloma proteins to fragment cultures as inhibitors at the time of immunization. PC and PC-bovine serum albumin, as well as T15 and M167, inhibited the helper function in vitro. Furthermore, free heavy chains of T15 and M167 partially inhibited T help, but free light chains of both idiotypes had no effect. These findings collectively show that T helper cells, induced by priming with antigen, recognize a shared idiotypic determination on T15 and M167 that is part of the PC binding site. The heavy chains of T15 and M167 appears to be the major structural component of this determinant. Evidently, T helper cells can recognize a shared determinant that is present on idiotypically different myeloma proteins. This determinant appears to be conserved throughout evolutionary and somatic mutations. The role of this shared, binding site-related idiotypic determinant as a regulatory idiotype in T-B cell interaction is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[The elimination of hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5, dextran 40 and oxypolygelatine (author's transl)].

After withdrawal of 400 ml whole blood and subsequent infusion of 500 ml of a colloidal plasma substituent, the intravascular and renal colloid elimination was investigated in 40 test subjects. The individual colloidal solutions could no longer be demonstrated in the intravascular space after the following times: 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (anthrone method) after six weeks, 10% dextran 40 (anthrone method) after two weeks, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (anthrone method) after four weeks and 5.5% oxypolygelatine (hydroxyproline method) after two days. Colloidal plasma substitutes are polydisperse solutions with various molecular weights and degree of hydroxyethylation and therefore, also have a large number of different elimination constants. With repeated application, the intravascular colloid concentration shifts in favour of the molecules with a longer half life which are difficult to eliminate. The elimination of the clinically employed dextran 40 and oxypolygelatine solution could be best described with an open two-compartment model. As a result of its greater heterogeneity, the elimination of the moderately high molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 could only be characterized approximately even assuming three elimination constants. In the first four days, the hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 was more rapidly eliminated compared to dextran 40. However, subsequently a very much lower elimination from the intravascular space was found for about 3% of the administered hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5. Oxypolygelatine was eliminated especially rapidly. Accordingly, the greatest renal clearance was found for oxypolygelatine, which showed a close relation to the molecular weight. On the other hand, a rapid elimination simultaneously is followed by a correspondingly lower volume effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[The effects of 500 ml 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 and 10% dextran 40 on blood volume, colloid osmotic pressure and renal function in human volunteers (author's transl)].

The effects of administration of a new, middle-molecular 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HAES-steril) were compared to 10% dextran 40 (Rheomacrodex) in 20 hypovolaemic volunteers after withdrawal of 400 ml blood. The total increase of blood volume after 500 ml of 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 was 10.19 +/- 1.1 ml/kg (754 ml), after 500 ml of 10% dextran 40 14.10 +/- 1.1 ml/kg (1032 ml), which was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) and in correspondence with the known volume expanding properties of 10% dextran 40. The volume effect after administration of both substances was stable, as demonstrated by the ability to compensate the loss of 400 ml blood for more than 8 hours. The maximal increase of the colloid osmotoc pressure after 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 was 5.3 +/- 0.2 mm Hg, after 10% dextran 40 7.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg and paralleled the increase of the blood volume. After 10% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 an increase of serum amylase was observed. This hyperamylasemia is caused by the formation of a high molecular hydroxyethyl starch-amylase complex, which cannot be eliminated easily. Urinary volume and endogenous creatinine clearance were increased by administration of both colloids. After dextran 40 a pronounced increase of the urinary viscosity occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immune response to phosphorylcholine. IX. Characterization of hybridoma anti-TEPC15 antibodies.

Hybridoma antibodies against the PC-binding T15 BALB/c myeloma protein were raised by cell fusion with anti-T15 A/He immune cells. The idiotype specificity of these monoclonal anti-T15 antibodies was determined with a panel of different myeloma and hybridoma immunoglobulins. Two types of anti-T15 antibodies are seen. One reacts with a number of different IgA myeloma proteins and with serum IgA of certain strains of mice; this reactivity most likely is due to allotypy. The other group consists of anti-T15 antibodies that are specific for the T15 idiotype and are therefore termed anti-idiotypic. The bindings of the anti-idiotype antibodies to T15 were specifically inhibited by T15 (F(ab')2 but not by other PC-binding myeloma proteins of different idiotypes. The relationship of the idiotype-specific anti-T15 antibodies to the PC-binding site of the T15 idiotype was analyzed by hapten inhibition of anti-idiotypic binding and by inhibition of BALB/c anti-PC splenic hemolytic plaque formation. Anti-T15 antibodies, for which the T15 binding is inhibited by PC or PC-BSA, also specifically inhibit anti-PC plaque formation. These antibodies are labeled site and near-site anti-idiotypic antibodies. Site and near-site-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize different idiotopes on the T15 molecules. The possible differential biologic activities of these anti-idiotopes in idiotype network regulation is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Immunologic after-care after organ transplantation using the electrophoretic mobility test].

55 of 113 receivers of cadaver donor kidney transplants could be control-examined and analysed postoperatively immunologically with the electrophoresis mobility test (EM test). A high coincidence appears in the group with clinical rejection symptoms and a rejections hint in the EM test (28 of 29) and also in the group with the rejection clinically not conceivable and with a negative test result (20 of 26). The EM test appears suitable for an additional support of the diagnosis "acute rejection". More cases should confirm this assertion.

Cell Movement↗