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Biomedical subjects

H Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to H Köhler.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immune response to phosphorylcholine. I. Characterization of the epitope-specific antibody.

The antibodies to phosphorylcholine induced in BALB/c mice were isolated and studied with a variety of biochemical and immunochemical methods. Analysis of the idiotype and the hapten-binding specificities showed no differences to the phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma protein TEPC 15, indicating a high degree of homogeneity. However, disc electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid composition data indicated large differences in the structure of anti-phosphorylcholine antibody and TEPC 15. By these criteria the anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies from BALB/c mice are of oligoclonal origin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

The linoleic acid depression (LAD) test for multiple sclerosis using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test.

With the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test of Field & Caspary, lymphocyte sensitization to thyroid antigen (F1-fraction) is demonstrable in all subjects--multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, those with other (destructive) neurological diseases (OND) and normals. The MEM-LAD test enables a further differentiation to be made in neurological patients compared ot normals: Linoleic acid inhibits the positive result by about 95 per cent in the case of MS, 58 per cent in normals and 45 per cent in OND. The high reduction appears to be a characteristic of MS. It is seen at all stages and in all forms of the disease and is not materially influenced by moderate immunosuppressive therapy. The mothers of MS patients show an intermediate result of about 78 per cent, suggesting a familial (genetic) background to the metabolic phenomenon described here; there is, however, evidence of an added exogenic factor for the development of the disease. The theoretical basis of the LAD test suggests further therapeutic trials of linoleic acid in treatment of MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Lymphokines which influence electrophoretic mobility of macrophages.

Supernatants of blood lymphocytes from immunized guinea pigs after incubation with purified protein derivative (PPD) were fractionated on Sephadex G-75. The fractions were tested for activity to change the electrophoretic mobility of macrophages. Dependent on incubation time, three different regions of activity with an average molecular weight of 13 000, 40 000 and more than 100 000 were estimated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The use of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test for the diagnosis of eye diseases.

The MEM test by FIELD and CASPARY has been investigated for its importance in analyzing the cell-mediated immunity in ophthalmology. Sensitized lymphocytes of patients are incubated in vitro either with basic encephalitogenic protein for investigating malignoma or with various eye antigens for investigating chronic ocular diseases. The eye antigens have been fractionated by gel chromatography and identified by various immune sera. The sensitized lymphocytes are released in vitro by incubation with antigen a factor which reduces the electrophoretic mobility of guinea pig macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Influence of diazepam and phenytoin on penicillin-induced cerebral convulsions (author's transl)].

The effects of diazepam and phenytoin on penicillin-induced EEG changes and convulsions were studied in 32 rabbits. EEG changes and convulsions were elicited by 2.4 g/kg benzylpenicillin i.v. over 50 min. The dosages of the anticonvulsants were 1, 5 and 10 mg of diazepam and 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg of phenytoin. The qualitative and semiquantitative evaluation of the electroencephalograms revealed no reduction of spike frequency or spike amplitude for either of the two drugs. However, in contrast to phenytoin, diazepam was highly effective in preventing the development of generalized convulsions. None of the 12 diazepam-treated animals developed a convulsion, whereas in most of the phenytoin treated animals and in most of the controls generalized convulsions appeared. The results suggest that diazepam should be used in the treatment of penicillin-encephalopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Immunochemical investigations on the protein of the "pregnancy zone". X. Demonstration of immunosuppressive activities of the pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (pregnancy zone protein) by means of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test (author's transl)].

By means of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test the supposed immunosuppressive activity of the pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein (pregnancy zone protein) could be demonstrated significantly. Pregnancy sera and sera of nonpregnant women with hormonal contraception containing this pregnancy protein showed an immunosuppresive activity, too. On the contrary, serum of male donors with the blood group AB and human serum albumin had no inhibitory effects. The results suggest that the pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein rather influences the afferent limb of the immune response and does not interfere with the activity of the mediator (migration inhibiting factor).

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

[Sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis: a hitherto undescribed entity (author's transl)].

Persistent pulling pain in the sternum, clavicles and both first ribs, especially during cold and wet weather, necessitated medical investigations and treatment in 3 patients. Externally a cylindrical or spindle-shaped swelling of the clavicles was noticeable and two patients had signs of superior caval obstruction in addition. X-rays showed hyperostosis of the sternal and middle part of the clavicle, synostosis of the sternoclavicular joints with involvement of the two first ribs as well as a thickening and increase in breadth of the sternum. In one patient there were additional swellings of the first to fourth ribs bilaterally. During the period of observation there was no radiological progression of the bone disease. Apart from a consistently raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate blood chemistry was normal. The sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis led to bilateral occlusion of the subclavian veins with resulting upper venous congestion in two patients. Histology of the biopsy samples showed a characteristic hyperostotic spongiosclerosis in all three cases. The cause of this sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis is unknown. Clinical, radiological and histological findings indicate that it is a uniform disease which has not previously been described.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1975

[Dosage and elimination of Dextran 40 in patients on hemodialysis (author's transl)].

In 24 patients on regular hemodialysis the serum levels and the half-life of dextran 40 were determined after single or repeated infusion of dextran 40 (Rheomacrodex¿). One group of hemodialysis trainees had a dextran 40 half-life of 2237 +/- 447 min. In contrast, a second group, consisting of hospital dialysis patients, had a dextran 40 half-life of 4283 +/- 510 min, whereas patients with normal renal function had a half-life of 573 +/- 183 min. The difference in dextran half-life between the two groups of hemodialysis patients may be explained by the better residual renal function of our hemodialysis trainees. During hemodialysis no change in serum dextran levels could be observed. Intermitten hemodialysis, also, had no influence on the exponential elimination of dextran over a period of 6.25 days. Since hemodialysis by itself has no effect upon dextran elimination, the dosage fo dextran 40 has to be adjucted to the prolonged elimination time only, disregarding dialysis. After the fourth infusion of 50 g dextran 40 (twice a week 500 ml of 10% dextran 40) serum dextran levels exceeding 50 g/l and cutaneous bleeding were observed. To avoid these complications an initial saturation dose is suggested, followed by a maintenance dose adjusted to the impaired renal function.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1975

[Demonstration of hepatitis B (surface) antigen. A comparison of different serological methods (author's transl)].

Four third generation tests for the demonstration of hepatitis B (surface) antigen were assessed (Hepamosticon test from Organon-Teknika, Auscell test, Ausria I 125 test and Ausria II 125 test from Abbott) and the results compared with those of immunodiffusion and counter-current electrophoresis (1st and 2nd generation). The results show that the Ausria II 125 test comes very close to the ideal of an optimal test for demonstrating hepatitis B (surface) antigen (HBs antigen). It is clearly superior to both other tests from Abbott and in particular to the Hepanosticon test and the tests of the 1st and 2nd generation. The Ausria I 125 test can be considered as a precursor of the Ausria II 125 test and is less satisfactory as regards sensitivity and practicability and approximately equally good as regards specificity. It should not be considered in the choice of a sensitive test for demonstrating HBs antigen as it has been replaced by the Ausria II 125 test. The Auscell test resembles the Ausria I 125 test as regards sensitivity, its specificity is considerably lower. There are also definite disadvantages in the practicability. The Hepanosticon test is considerably less sensitive than the three tests from Abbott while it is easy to carry out. Its specificity is worse than that of radio-immunoassay and better than that of the Auscell test. In any case it is necessary to test the specificity in all passive haemagglutination tests. Due to poor sensitivity use of both tests of 1st and 2nd generations must be discouraged.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1975

[Use of the macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility test in the diagnosis of tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility (MEM) tests of Field and Caspary demonstrates the macrophage-slowing factor (MSF) produced by specifically sentised blood lymphocytes after incubation with the homologous antigen. Besides other diseases with a cellular immune reaction like multiple sclerosis malignant tumours show a reduction of the macrophage mobility in the cell electrophoresis. A significant inhibition in the MEM- test was found in 30 out of 33 tumours of the CNS. Glioblastomas, astrocytomas, spongioblastomas, ependymomas, neurinomas, meningiomas, and a myxofibroma showed a positive result (more than 10% inhibition). The results in ectodermal tumours (pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma) differed; secondary brain tumours showed the greatest inhibition.

Adolescent↗