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H KOPROWSKI

Publications and source records attributed to H KOPROWSKI.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1961

Vaccination with the CHAT strain of type 1 attenuated poliomyelitis virus in Leopoldville, Congo. 3. Safety and efficacy during the first 21 months of study.

Between August 1958 and April 1960 nearly all children less than five years old in Léopoldville were orally vaccinated with the CHAT, type 1, attenuated poliovirus strain of Koprowski. In a previous report, the first nine months of the campaign were reviewed and tentative conclusions were drawn concerning the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. The present paper is a report on a further twelve-month period of observation. Additional epidemiological data and virological studies, including the use of virus markers for assessing the safety of the attenuated strain, lend added support to the earlier conclusions. Of particular interest were the results of virus isolations from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis, there being an apparent shift in the predominant causative agent from type 1 to type 3 poliovirus concomitant with the completion of the type 1 vaccination campaign.

Child↗
PubMed1961

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons. 3.

This study is the third in a series on virus-neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of antirabies serum and vaccines in previously non-exposed persons. Three types of vaccine were studied-phenolized (Semple), duck embryo and high-egg-passage (HEP) chicken embryo. Reduced schedules of vaccine, consisting of 2-7 inoculations given at various intervals, did not give results comparable in efficacy (time of appearance, level and persistence of antibody) with schedules comprising at least 14 daily inoculations of vaccine as determined in previous trials. The effectiveness of a booster dose in previously sensitized individuals was confirmed with a demonstration that a rise in serum antibody appears between 4 and 8 days after the booster inoculation. Effective sensitization appears to be as much a function of spacing of inoculations as of total dosage of vaccine antigen. Interference by immune serum with the antigenicity of subsequently administered vaccine, noted previously by the present authors and by other workers, was again confirmed. This interference could be overcome by the administration of a sufficient amount of vaccine.

Antibodies, Neutralizing↗
PubMed1960

Genetic markers and serological identity of wild and attenuated strains of type-1 poliovirus, with special emphasis on strains isolated from patients during an epidemic in the Belgian Congo.

An epidemic of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in Léopoldville at a time when both virulent and attenuated type 1 polioviruses were present in the population. The attenuated virus was of the CHAT strain, then being given extensive field trials as a vaccine in the Belgian Congo. It was thought that intratypic identification of "wild" and vaccine strains might give information on the hypothetical possibility of a reversion to virulence of attenuated strains. Viruses were isolated from the stools of patients with paralytic poliomyelitis, both those who had not been vaccinated and those who had previously been fed the CHAT attenuated vaccine. Other viruses studied were CHAT virus itself and strains obtained from first, second and third human passages; Mahoney, a virulent strain; W 1063, a "naturally attenuated" strain; and Sickle, a strain, which, in mixture with Mahoney strain, constituted the initial inoculum from which CHAT had been derived. Serologically, the strains were tested for growth in the presence of an agar overlay containing CHAT immune serum. Genetically, the strains were characterized by a study of genetic markers relating to growth under agar of low bicarbonate content (d character), comparative growth in a fresh versus the MS established line of monkey kidney tissue culture, and temperature susceptibility at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The Léopoldville strains and Mahoney were able to produce plaques when grown under overlay containing CHAT immune serum, and they had d+, MS+ and "hot" characters. CHAT and its derivatives were d, MS and "cold"-in other words, exactly opposite in all respects studied. Sickle and W 1063 were intermediate.Evidence is given that CHAT is genetically stable through several human passages, that the poliomyelitis cases in vaccinees were not caused by vaccination, and that the hypothesis of a return to virulence of attenuated strains has not been substantiated.

Democratic Republic of the Congo↗