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Biomedical subjects

H Kabir

Publications and source records attributed to H Kabir.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Surgical maneuvers placing the sciatic nerve at risk during total hip arthroplasty as assessed by somatosensory evoked potential monitoring.

The sciatic nerve in 52 hip arthroplasties was evaluated using intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Twenty-nine of these cases involved the lateral transtrochanteric approach, and 23 involved the posterior approach. A total of 11 incidents of SSEP changes occurred in eight patients. Six episodes occurred during lateral retraction of the proximal femur, and three occurred during anterior retraction of the proximal femur. Tracings returned to baseline with prompt cessation of femoral retraction in each case. One SSEP change occurred in a revision following reduction of the prosthetic components, and this resolved with shortening of the prosthetic neck to less than anatomic length. One change occurred during tightening of cables securing strut allografts to the femur and this resolved spontaneously. No correlation was found between frequency of SSEP changes and age, sex, limb lengthening, or preoperative range of motion. It is concluded that routine lateral or anterior retraction may place the sciatic nerve at risk.

Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory↗
PubMed1993

Ontario gold miners with lung cancer. Occupational exposure assessment in establishing work-relatedness.

Because of inherent errors in exposure data as well as a requirement in the Workers' Compensation Act of Ontario that all claims must be considered on the merits and justice of the individual case, the criteria for assessing work-relatedness of Ontario gold miners who had primary lung cancer could not be based upon any strict occupational exposure criteria. However, a relationship between exposure to silica, arsenic, and radon progeny was derived from results of the epidemiologic studies. A retrospective occupational exposure assessment of silica dust, arsenic, and radon decay products was made in individual cases presented in this paper. The assessment results of 11 gold miners presented in this paper illustrate that the exposure parameters could provide persuasive evidence when the data were consistent with the key epidemiologic findings, eg, the miner's age at first exposure, length of dusty exposure, and latency.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Severe protein energy malnutrition in Lesotho, conditioning factors and death and survival in hospital.

Information was obtained on infants and children admitted for severe protein energy malnutrition (PEM) to Lesotho's central hospital in 1981 and 1982 as regards feeding pattern, socio-economic, environmental factors and vaccination status. Acute gastroenteritis (GE) appeared to be a major precipitating cause in the development of severe PEM. Of children 13-24 months of age only 13% was still breast fed. Compared to kwashiorkor significantly more children with marasmus or marasmic kwashiorkor had never been breast fed, or were early weaned and bottle fed. Above age nine months, children had a similar diet during the last three days before admission. Children of nevermarried single mothers appear to be more at risk for severe PEM. Absence of the father's support and a grandmother as caretaker may be other risk factors as well. The vaccination status was poor. In marasmus death was significantly (p less than 0.01) associated with bottle feeding and survival (p less than 0.05) with breast feeding. In kwashiorkor death was significantly (p less than 0.01) associated with an unprotected source of drinking water and survival (p less than 0.05) with consumption of green vegetables in the last three days before admission and employment of the mother. Data collection in hospital may provide a rationale for interventions in the development of severe PEM and identify those at risk to die from it.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1987

Lactose malabsorption and giardiasis in Basotho school children.

The prevalence of primary, adult-type, lactose malabsorption was assessed by means of the hydrogen breath test after intake of 360 ml of full cream milk (approximately 18 g lactose) in 96 randomly selected Basotho school children, aged 5-15 years. Of 86 children who did not have diarrhoea in the previous week 82 (85%) were lactose malabsorbers, while 4 (5%) could not be classified because of undetectable hydrogen excretion. Milk intolerance presenting as diarrhoea was significantly (p less than 0.01) more common in children who associated previous abdominal complaints with milk intake and/or did not like milk. A negative hydrogen breath test was significantly (p less than 0.05) more often observed in children who had diarrhoea in the previous week. Giardia was present in 18 (19%) of 93 children. The incidence of giardiasis did not correlate with the presence of lactose malabsorption in children without diarrhoea in the previous week. However, milk intolerance presenting as diarrhoea was significantly (p less than 0.05) more common in children with giardiasis. The findings support the use of physiological quantities of milk in Basotho school children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Incomplete lactose absorption from breast milk during acute gastroenteritis.

The incidence and degree of incomplete lactose absorption was investigated in breast fed infants and children up to two years of age during acute gastroenteritis (GE). Lactose absorption was assessed in 50 patients by means of the hydrogen breath test (HBT), approximately 5.5 days after the admission to hospital. HBT detected incomplete lactose absorption of marked (lactose malabsorption) and probably mild degree in 8 and 6 patients respectively. Incomplete lactose absorption appeared to be transient in all 5 patients retested after discharge. HBT failed to identify 8 cases of lactose intolerance which were detected by investigation of the stools. In 31 breast fed controls of a similar age range incomplete lactose absorption of only mild degree was probably present in 2 and lactose intolerance in 1, which too was only detected by investigation of stools. During acute GE the use of HBT is appropriate to detect milder forms of incomplete lactose absorption than lactose intolerance. For the detection of lactose intolerance the measurement of pH and reducing substances in the stools remains the method of choice. The findings are in favour of the continuation of breast feeding during acute GE.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Severe protein energy malnutrition in Lesotho, death and survival in hospital, clinical findings.

In Lesotho's central hospital 55 (25%) of 218 admissions for severe PEM died during 1981 and 1982. Most deaths (62%) occurred in the first week. The most important causes of death were acute GE and pneumonia in marasmus and kwashiorkor, respectively. The cause of death remained obscure in 16 children, however. In marasmus a poor prognosis was significantly associated with the finding on admission of a temperature less than 36.5 degrees C (P less than 0.05), apathy (P less than 0.01) and a depigmented skin (P less than 0.05), while in marasmic kwashiorkor only the finding of the latter was significantly (P less than 0.05) associated with death. In non-survivors with kwashiorkor the following characteristics were observed significantly more often: complaints of diarrhoea and/or vomiting on admission (P less than 0.05), the finding of apathy, pallor, skin defects and hepatomegaly on admission (P less than 0.01), and the finding of a low serum albumen, Na+ and K+ in the first days (P less than 0.05). Irritability was significantly (P less than 0.05) more common in survivors with kwashiorkor. Xerophthalmia was observed only once. Infections were diagnosed in 86% of all and giardiasis in 28% of 146 children. Twenty-eight children contracted measles of whom 5 died. Severe PEM still carries a high mortality despite hospitalisation. The findings confirm the need for intensive management of severe PEM.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Carbohydrate malabsorption in children with severe protein energy malnutrition.

To determine the incidence of carbohydrate malabsorption, particularly lactose malabsorption in Basotho children with severe PEM during treatment with a dry skim milk (DSM)-sucrose-oil mixture, 105 children with PEM were submitted to a Hydrogen Breath Test (HBT) after administration of the mixture. Carbohydrate malabsorption occurred more frequently in children with kwashiorkor (28/58) than in those with marasmus (5/33), marasmic kwashiorkor (3/15) and healthy controls (8/34). The positive HBT appeared to be due to lactose malabsorption in at least two thirds of the children with kwashiorkor as it turned negative when the challenge was repeated with a lactosefree mixture. In controls malabsorption of carbohydrate (usually lactose) appeared at the age of 22 months, nearly a year later than in PEM. Diarrhoea occurred in 23 children with PEM and particularly in those with carbohydrate malabsorption. In 20 children Giardia was found in the stools without any observable effect on carbohydrate malabsorption, however. The findings support the cautious use of physiological doses of lactose in the treatment of severe PEM.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparative vitamin B-6 bioavailability from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter in humans.

Relative bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter was investigated in eight men. The study was divided into a 10-day adjustment and three, 14-day experimental periods in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Vitamin B-6 intake was set at 1.6 mg/day, with 50% of the intake coming from one of the three experimental foods and 50% from a basal diet. Daily complete urine and fecal collections were made. Urine was analyzed for 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) and vitamin B-6, fecal samples for vitamin B-6 and plasma (sampled every 5 days) for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Mean values +/- SD for the adjustment, tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter periods were: 5.65 +/- 1.76, 4.89 +/- 1.10, 3.62 +/- 0.66 and 2.80 +/- 0.50 mumol/day for 4-pyridoxic acid; 0.98 +/- 0.34, 1.05 +/- 0.20, 0.76 +/- 0.09 and 0.68 +/- 0.19 mumol/day for urinary vitamin B-6; 2.72 +/- 0.94, 3.08 +/- 0.73, 3.80 +/- 0.78 and 4.42 +/- 1.03 mumol/day for fecal vitamin B-6 and 65.0 +/- 23.30, 64.8 +/- 29.80, 49.3 +/- 14.40 and 48.4 +/- 20.20 nM for plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, respectively. 4PA and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) higher in the tuna period than in either the whole wheat bread or peanut butter periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗