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Biomedical subjects

H Kamo

Publications and source records attributed to H Kamo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, body mass index, and alcohol drinking among workers with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase.

METHODS: We conducted a case-control study on liver diseases among Japanese workers to examine associations between elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (alanine aminotransferase value > or = 50 IU/liter) and selected factors such as hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis C virus antibody positive, body mass index, and alcohol drinking. Out of 3,738 workers (1,477 males and 2,261 females) in a supermarket chain, 91 workers with an elevated serum alanine aminotransferase value (> or = 50 IU/liter) were classified as cases and 182 workers with normal serum alanine aminotransferase value and without an episode of blood transfusion were randomly selected as controls. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of hepatitis B surface antigen positive and hepatitis C virus antibody positive were 4.4 and 23.1% among the overall cases, 2.9 and 11.8% among the cases with 100 > alanine aminotransferase value > or = 50, and 8.7 and 56.5% among the cases with alanine aminotransferase value > or = 100. A logistic regression analysis was conducted. Odds ratios were 4.94 for hepatitis B surface antigen positive (P < 0.05) and 77.19 for hepatitis C virus antibody positive (P < 0.001). Odds ratios for body mass index increased with increasing body mass index values; 3.32 for 26 > body mass index > or = 24 (P < 0.01) and 5.03 for body mass index > or = 26 (P < 0.001). No increased risk was observed among regular drinkers of less than 27 g/day of ethanol (odds ratio is 0.23) or of 27-53 g/day of ethanol (odds ratio is 0.47). A slightly increased odds ratio of 1.35 was observed among regular drinkers of 54-81 g/day of ethanol, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that hepatitis C virus and high body mass index are predominant factors in elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels among Japanese workers, while alcohol drinking is a minor factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Differential localization of lectin binding sites and neuropeptides in human dorsal root ganglia.

The subpopulations were compared of neurons in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG), as substance P, identified by somatostatin, Glycine max lectin (SBA) specific to terminal N-acetylgalactosamine, and Ulex europaeus I agglutinin (UEA-I) specific to L-fucose. The lectins and neuropeptides all bound to neurons of small diameter. Furthermore, the majority of the SBA binding neurons or somatostatin positive neurons were also UEA-I binding neurons. However, SBA binding neurons were not colocalized with somatostatin or substance P. Less than 20% of substance P positive neurons showed colocalization with L-fucosyl residues, and approximately 10% of L-fucosyl residues showed colocalization with substance P. Our results suggest that both L-fucose and terminal N-acetylgalactosamine containing neurons in the human DRG are subjected to different subpopulations from substance P or somatostatin positive neurons.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1993

Ulex europaeus I and glycine max bind to the human olfactory bulb.

The distribution of binding sites for the fucose-selective lectin Ulex europaeus I and the terminal N-acetylgalactosamine-selective lectin glycine max in the human olfactory bulb were studied. These lectins bound to primary olfactory axons in the olfactory nerve layer and the glomerular layer. They also bound to fibers located in the deeper layers such as the external plexiform layer and the granular layer. Furthermore they projected to the olfactory stalk but not in the cerebrum. The deeper projections of the lectin binding fibers may affect the function of the olfactory bulb in humans.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Cycloheximide downsynthesizes inhibitory molecules for neurite outgrowth in neural transplantation.

Rat fetal substantia nigra treated with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, were implanted to adult rat striatum. After 4 weeks, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactive (-LI) fibers of host striatum penetrated grafts, and TH-LI neurites in the grafts elongated and mingled with the host striatal neurites. Astrocytes proliferated in the grafts without glial scar between the graft-host border. A few chondroitin sulfate- or tenascin-LI glial cells were found in the grafts, while in transplants without cycloheximide, glial scar expressed strong immunoreactivity for these molecules. Downsynthesis of these inhibitory molecules may alter the glial character and permit neurites traversing the border.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Induction of c-Fos-like protein in the lateral habenular nucleus by persistent noxious peripheral stimulation.

Persistent noxious peripheral stimulation by formalin injection into the unilateral hindpad of anaesthetized rats induced c-Fos-like protein immunoreactivity (c-Fos-LI) in neurons within the lateral habenular nucleus (LHb) bilaterally. Formalin injection after the transection of spinal cords also induced c-Fos-LI in many neurons within the LHb, though the number of labeled cells changed depending on the post-transection period. These results suggest that the LHb modulates nociceptive information, but that it receives nociceptive information via extraspinal pathways as well as intraspinal ascending noxious pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Soybean agglutinin binds commonly to a subpopulation of small-diameter neurons in dorsal root ganglion, vascular endothelium and microglia in human spinal cord.

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) was used to identify the location of N-acetylgalactosaminyl glycoconjugates in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord. SBA bound to a subpopulation of small-diameter neurons in DRG and their central projections. It also bound to microglia and vascular endothelium. Vascular endothelium, DRG neurons and microglia do not originate from the neural tube, but penetrate into the neural tube in the embryonic stage and thereafter are located in the spinal cord. SBA binding glycoconjugates may be responsible for cell-cell interaction between these three cell types and tissues in human spinal cord.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1991

[A case of retrosplenial amnesia].

A case of retrosplenial amnesia was reported. The patient was an 81-year-old right-handed male. He developed amnesic syndrome following cerebral infarction situated left retrosplenial region. His immediate memory was preserved. Recent memory for both verbal and nonverbal modalities was disturbed. He also showed retrograde amnesia for 2 years. The is the first report of retrosplenial amnesia in Japan. We should take into account of the retrosplenial region as a causative site of amnesic syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Correlations of regional postmortem enzyme activities with premortem local glucose metabolic rates in Alzheimer's disease.

Correlations were sought between local cerebral metabolic rates (LCMRs) for glucose in various regions of the cortex, determined in premortem PET scans, with the regional activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), beta-glucuronidase (Gluc, a probable index of reactive gliosis), and phosphate-activated glutaminase (PAG, a possible indice of the large pyramidal neurons) measured on postmortem tissue. Significant negative correlations between LCMRs and Gluc activities were found in 6 PET-scanned cases of Alzheimer disease (AD), and positive correlations of LCMRs with PAG were found in 5. By contrast, a positive correlation with ChAT and AChE was found in only 1. The results are consistent with the metabolic deficits in AD being primarily a reflection of local neuronal loss and gliosis. Similar data on two cases of Huntington's disease showed no significant correlations, while 1 patient with Parkinson dementia showed a significant (negative) correlation only with Gluc.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Neovascularization in kainic acid-induced lesions of rat striatum. An immunohistochemical study with laminin.

Vascular changes occurring after stereotaxic injection of the excitatory neurotoxin kainic acid (KA) into the rat striatum were studied at various time intervals after the lesion using laminin immunohistochemistry. Laminin immunohistochemistry revealed marked vascular changes, including presumed neovascularization, in the lesioned striatum. Vessels with increased laminin immunoreactivity were demonstrated from 2 days up to at least 5 months following the injection. The majority was capillary vasculature, which was distributed throughout the lesioned striatum, sometimes being arranged densely along the needle tract. Fine spike-like sprouts called streamers were also loaded with laminin immunoreactivity. In contrast, laminin immunoreactivity in vessels in the control striatum was negligible. Vascular changes detected by laminin immunohistochemistry preceded but then almost paralleled gliosis demonstrated by glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that striatal injection of KA causes marked vascular changes including neovascularizations which are demonstrable by laminin immunohistochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Monoamine oxidase-containing nerve fibers in the major cerebral arteries of rats.

The localization of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in nerve fibers associated with the major cerebral arteries in rats was studied using a new coupled peroxidation method modified by adding nickel ammonium sulfate at the electron microscopic level. MAO was, localized in some unmyelinated axons, both in the adventitia and in the periadventitial nerve bundles. Schwann cell cytoplasm encircling myelinated axons in the periadventitial nerve bundles also contained a MAO-reactive substance. The incidences of MAO-containing axons in the adventitial layer of the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, internal carotid and basilar arteries were 32.3%, 29.5%, 29.6% and 21.1%, respectively. In the periadventitial nerve bundles, MAO activity was also demonstrated in 10.8% among unmyelinated axons. Preincubation with clorgyline, a specific inhibitor of MAOA, suppressed staining in the axons, both in adventitia and in periadventitial nerve bundles, but not in the Schwann cell cytoplasm. Conversely, preincubation with deprenyl, a specific inhibitor of MAOB, suppressed staining in the Schwann cell cytoplasm, but not in the axons. Therefore, MAO in the axons is regarded as MAOA and MAO in the Schwann cell cytoplasm as MAOB. In immunosympathectomized rats (anti-NGF-treated rats), MAO reactivity was suppressed in axons associated with cerebral arteries, but was retained in some Schwann cell cytoplasm. The results indicate that the MAO-containing unmyelinated axons coincide with the postganglionic noradrenergic ones. Thus, histochemical MAO staining may be utilized to study postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers presumably innervating the major cerebral arteries at the electron microscopic level.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1989

Neovascularization of transplanted central nervous tissue suspensions: an immunohistochemical study with laminin.

Neovascularization of the dissociated central nervous tissue transplanted into the lateral ventricle of the rat was studied using laminin immunohistochemistry. A very high immunoreactive response to laminin was demonstrated in the presumably newly formed vessels within the transplants and the graft-host borders. The growing tips and fine spike-like sprouts called 'streamers' were also highly stained with laminin immunoreactivity. In contrast, laminin immunoreactivity was negligible in the vessels in the host brain. Therefore, these results indicate that laminin may be utilized as a marker for the newly formed vessels in neural transplantations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intracerebral transplantation of dissociated central nervous system tissue suspensions: use of phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin as a cell marker.

Successfully transplanted neurons and their sprouting processes were demonstrated by Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA) marking. PHA is transported anterogradely and readily reveals the post-transplantation growth of the neuronal processes. Suspensions of fetal central nervous tissue, prepared by dissociation of embryonic rat brain, were marked with PHA and then transplanted into the striatum of nonimmunosuppressed young adult rats. At various intervals thereafter (1 day, 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months), the animals were sacrificed for histological examination with PHA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Up to 2 weeks after transplantation, PHA immunohistochemistry was capable of demonstrating grafted neurons and their presumably regenerated neuronal processes. However, at periods 1 month or longer after transplantation, PHA immunohistochemistry was unreliable. Thus, the PHA marking method has limitations in terms of its retention period, when applied to the intracerebral transplantation of dissociated cell suspensions. Nevertheless, the method presented here can be utilized to study neuronal regeneration as well as the relationship between transplanted neurons and the host tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The molecular phylogenic tree of the genus Trichinella constructed from isozyme patterns.

Six zymograms were compared for extracts of muscle-stage larvae of the seven Trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase among them fell into four types. T. pseudospiralis from a raccoon and the Polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2, respectively. The Iwasaki strain from a Japanese black bear and the Yamagata strain from a raccoon dog, both from Japan, were type 3. Type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, viz. the Polish strain from a wild pig, the USA strain from a pig, and the Thai strain from a human case, all of which have similar infectivity to pigs. The isozyme patterns of esterase 1, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and peptidase were similar in types 2 and 3. Those of esterase D were common to types 2-4 but not to type 1. In the zymogram of mannosephosphate isomerase, types 2-4 but not type 1 had one common band, whereas in the other bands type 2 was markedly distinguished from types 3 and 4. In the present study, the molecular phylogenic tree was constructed for the first time on the basis of our present and previous electrophoretic data by the use of cluster analysis, and the evolutionary process was considered as follows: T. pseudospiralis (type 1) and T. spiralis (the common ancestor of types 2-4) were initially separated. Next, the common ancestor of the strains from wild carnivores (types 2 and 3) and type 4 were separated. Finally, the Polar strain (type 2) and the Japanese strain (type 3) were separated.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1987

Descending projections of the basal forebrain in the rat demonstrated by the anterograde neural tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L).

Descending pathways from the mediobasal forebrain were studied in the rat by injecting anterograde axonal tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin into the substantia innominata and diagonal band of Broca. From both areas, positive fibers which varied in density were observed in the mediodorsal and ventral parts of the ventroposterior and ventromedial thalamic nuclei, the lateral habenula, the stria medullaris, the lateral hypothalamus and the ventral tegmental area. This descending complex appeared predominantly course through the medial forebrain bundle from which positive fibers ramified into the fasciculus thalamicus to distribute in the thalamic nuclei. A minor descending pathway through the stria medullaris was also noted which terminated in the lateral habenula and the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. An obvious difference in terminal distribution in the medial habenula, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and pons could be observed following substantia innominata or diagonal band injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Transplantation of cultured human spinal cord cells into the rat motor cortex: use of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin as a cell marker.

Successful transplantations have been made of cultured explants of human fetal spinal cord into surgically created cavities in the motor cortical area of non-immunosuppressed young adult rats. The cultured cells were marked by brief incubation with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA) just prior to transplantation. Following sacrifice of the rats 1.5 months later, PHA immunohistochemistry clearly outlined the demarcation zone of the explants. The transplanted neurons possessed long, somewhat tortuous fibers with occasional varicosities, as well as some thick processes. These findings extend our previous studies in which it was shown that cultured human fetal adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia cells could be successfully transplanted to non-immunosuppressed rat brain. They also suggest that PHA may be a valuable marker for transplanted cells at least for 1.5 months post-transplantation.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1987

Transplantation of cultured human adrenal chromaffin cells into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat brain.

Adult young rats were subjected to a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and then given intrastriatal grafts of human fetal adrenal chromaffin cell cultures. Amphetamine-induced ipsiversive turning behavior in the lesioned rats was largely reversed in four of eight rats given such transplants when tested at 1.5 and 4.5 months post-transplantation. Two rats showed a transient recovery at 1.5 months followed by deterioration at 4.5 months, while two other rats showed continuous deterioration. Six rats given sciatic nerve grafts as controls all showed deterioration from the pretransplantation levels. Catecholamine fluorescent and immunohistochemical examination of chromaffin-cell-transplanted brains demonstrated neurons and neuronal processes positive for catecholamines or tyrosine hydroxylase in the transplanted area. This transplantation of cultured human fetal cells to an animal model may provide the necessary basic experimental system for assessing the possible utility of human neuronal transplants.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1987

Comparative studies on soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of seven Trichinella isolates.

Soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of eight enzymes were compared for extracts of muscle stage larvae of the seven Trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. Soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of four enzymes: malic enzyme, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, superoxide dismutase of them were clearly divided into four types. T. pseudospiralis from a racoon and the Polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2. The Iwasaki strain from a Japanese black bear and the Yamagata strain from a racoon dog, both from Japan, were type 3. Type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, the Polish strain from a wild pig, the USA strain from a pig and the Thai strain from a human case, which have similar infectivities to pigs. The Thai strain varied a bit electrophoretically from other members of type 4. Zymograms of adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase were similar in types 2 and 3. The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase zymogram of type 3, similar to that of type 4, was different from that of type 2. It is assumed from the data that type 3 (Japanese strain) was genetically intermediate to types 2 and 4. T. pseudospiralis and the Polar strain had a common main isozyme of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The zymogram of lactate dehydrogenase was common except for T. pseudospiralis.

Animals↗