MR imaging of cerebral malaria in a child.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kandpal
Publications and source records attributed to H Kandpal.
Spontaneous pneumorrhachis in bronchial asthma.
We report on an 18-year-old male with bronchial asthma who presented with swelling over the neck and upper chest after a mild episode of bronchospasm. Physical examination was suggestive of subcutaneous emphysema, which was subsequently confirmed on a radiograph. Computed tomography in addition revealed pneumomediastinum and air within the epidural space of the spinal canal. Although spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema have been described in a variety of situations, including patients with asthma, spontaneous pneumorrhachis in asthmatics is a very rare entity.
Adolescent↗
Isolated renal mucormycosis: an unusual cause of acute renal infarction in a boy with aplastic anaemia.
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection occurring most often in immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentation of infection with the fungus is rhinocerebral, followed by primary pulmonary, disseminated, gastrointestinal and cutaneous manifestations. Renal involvement in disseminated mucormycosis is well described, however, there are only few case reports describing the isolated renal mucormycosis in literature. We present an unusual case of renal mucormycosis in a patient of aplastic anaemia who presented with right flank pain and, on imaging, was found to have renal infarction and thrombosis of renal vessels. Histopathology revealed fungal hyphae infiltrating the entire kidney, renal vessels and perinephric space.
Acute Disease↗
'Head banging' during rock show causing subdural hematoma.
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Adult↗
Lymphostimulatory and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to a candidate leprosy vaccine strain: Mycobacterium habana.
Lymphostimulatory and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune responses to a candidate antileprosy vaccine Mycobacterium habana have been quantified in inbred AKR mice. M. habana vaccine in three physical states, live, heat-killed and gamma-irradiated, was given intradermally to separate groups of mice and after 28 days these mice were given subcutaneous challenge with heat-killed M. leprae and heat-killed M. habana in the left hind footpad. Live BCG vaccine alone and in combination with gamma-irradiated M. habana were also compared similarly. A sufficient degree of DTH response was generated in mice by M. habana vaccine in all physical forms against two challenge antigens (lepromin and habanin). The BCG combination with M. habana did not increase the DTH response indicating internal adjuvanticity endowed in M. habana. The active hypersensitivity of immunized mice was transferable to syngeneic mice by the transfer of sensitized cells from the donor to the recipient mice intravenously. M. leprae-infected Rhesus monkey PBMC have shown comparable stimulatory response with M. habana (sonicate), and M. leprae (sonicate) antigens. The possibility of developing M. habana as a candidate antileprosy vaccine is discussed.
Animals↗
The 65 kDa protein of Mycobacterium habana and its putative role in immunity against experimental tuberculosis.
Mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae possess multiple antigens some of which inhibit other anti-mycobacterial immune responses. Whole cell vaccines are not free from these suppressive molecules and may adversely affect the immunogenic response(s). Purified protein components having only immunogenic properties should prove to be superior vaccine(s). Mycobacterium habana, a candidate vaccine for mycobacterial infections has been dissected for analysing its antigenic myriad. A 65 kDa protein of this mycobacterium has been isolated and characterized for its protective and cell mediated immune responses. The protein was isolated in pure form using an isotachophoresis (SDS-PAGE filtration) technique and identified with low molecular weight markers along with mAb using the immunoblot technique. Mab IIH9 has identified a 65 kDa protein in M. habana. This protein has been found to be immunoprotective in mice against M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection. It generates high levels of DTH responses in mice against M. tuberculosis and M. leprae antigens and inhibits migration of sensitized cells under the antigenic influence of homologous and heterologous origin. Possibilities of developing this protein as a subunit vaccine are discussed in this report.
Animals↗
Tuftsin-bearing liposomes as rifampin vehicles in treatment of tuberculosis in mice.
The antitubercular activity of rifampin was considerably increased when it was encapsulated in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. A further increase in the activity was observed when the macrophage activator tetrapeptide tuftsin was grafted on the surface of the drug-loaded liposomes. Intermittent treatments (twice weekly) with these preparations were significantly more effective than the continuous treatments. Rifampin delivered twice weekly for 2 weeks in tuftsin-bearing liposomes was at least 2,000 times more effective than the free drug in lowering the load of lung bacilli in infected animals. However, pretreatment with drug-free tuftsin-bearing liposomes did not render the pretreated animals resistant to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, neither did it appreciably increase the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the liposomized rifampin. These results clearly demonstrate that liposome targeting to macrophages could considerably increase the antitubercular activity of liposomized drugs such as rifampin. Also, it shows that immunoprophylactic treatment with macrophage activators such as tuftsin does not afford any advantage in treatment of tuberculosis infections, presumably because of inactivation of the primed macrophages by the mycobacterial sulfatides.
Amino Acid Sequence↗