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H Kasuya

Publications and source records attributed to H Kasuya.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Identification of genes differentially expressed in canine vasospastic cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

To understand the molecular processes of continuous vasospasm of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage, mRNA differential display and screening of cDNA expression array were performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed in vasospastic arteries of canine two-hemorrhage models. The expression levels of 18 genes were found to be upregulated, and those of two genes to be downregulated. Of these, 12 represent known genes or homologues of genes characterized previously, and the other eight genes are not related to any sequences in the databases. The known genes include five upregulated inflammation-related genes encoding monocyte chemotactic protein-1, cystatin B, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein, serum amyloid A protein, and glycoprotein 130, suggesting that inflammatory reaction may be involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm. The upregulation of three known genes encoding stress-related proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor, BiP protein, and growth-arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein may be involved in possible cell survival in the damaged arteries. A full-length cDNA for the unknown clone DVS 27, whose expression was most highly upregulated, was isolated from the cerebral artery cDNA library by hybridization. Characterization of these genes should help to clarify the molecular mechanism of continuous cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Using hydroxylapatite ceramic buttons covered with periosteum to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage: technical note.

BACKGROUND: Many attempts have been made to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, but the procedures proposed to date are troublesome and not promising. We describe a method of completely preventing CSF leakage using hydroxylapatite ceramics. METHODS: Exposed frontal sinus, mastoid air cells, and frontal base defects caused by fracture are covered with periosteum or fascia and plugged with a trimmed hydroxylapatite ceramic button. RESULTS: There was no CSF leakage, postoperative meningitis, or other complication related to the technique in a consecutive series of 25 patients treated using this procedure. CONCLUSION: The use of this easy and quick technique may prevent CSF leakage completely.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1999

Angles between A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery visualized by three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography and association of anterior communicating artery aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: The angle of arteries at bifurcations, as well as the blood flow, are factors of hemodynamic stress on the apical region, where aneurysms often develop. Using images obtained with three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography, we sought to determine the angles between the A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex associated with aneurysms. These angles cannot be detected by conventional cerebral angiography. METHODS: The course of the anterior cerebral artery was studied using three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in 42 consecutive patients with ACoA aneurysms. Twenty-one other subjects, randomly chosen from patients without aneurysms, served as controls. Bilateral A1-A2 angles of the contrast-opacified anterior cerebral artery were measured by three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in patients with normoplastic A1 segments, and the relationship between the angle and the association of aneurysms was analyzed using cerebral angiography. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients with ACoA aneurysms, 19 patients showed hypo- or aplastic A1 segments, as did only 2 of the 21 patients without ACoA aneurysms. The average A1-A2 angle was determined to be 116+/-24 degrees (mean+/-standard deviation) in 18 patients having ACoA complexes with normoplastic A1 segments with aneurysms; 17 patients without aneurysms had A1-A2 angles measuring 143+/-14 degrees (P < 0.0001). The A1-A2 angle associated with ACoA aneurysms was 103+/-20 degrees, which was much smaller than that of the non-aneurysm side in the former group (128+/-20 degrees) (P = 0.0036). CONCLUSION: ACoA aneurysms are associated with the smaller A1-A2 angle junction of the ACoA complex, where higher hemodynamic stress may occur in patients with normoplastic A1 segments.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma: a report of three cases and a review of the literature].

We report three patients (a 36-year-old man, a 41-year-old woman, and a 22-year-old man) with lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma who manifested characteristics on radiological and blood examinations. Two were hospitalized with gradual deterioration of hemiparesis and one with general convulsive seizure. Radiological examination revealed typical meningiomas of convexity in two and that of falx in one. Two of the patients showed large perifocal edema. Anemia was found in one patient and an elevated level in the zinc sulfate turbidity test was noted in all cases. Abnormal findings in laboratory examination improved quickly, whereas perifocal edema remained for six months after tumor removal. The tumors were histologically confirmed to be meningioma with massive infiltrates of plasma cells and lymphocytes. Seventeen cases of lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma that have been reported to date including our three cases were reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Familial neuronal migration disorder: subcortical laminar heterotopia in a mother and pachygyria in the son.

We describe clinical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a man and his mother who were diagnosed as having a neuronal migration disorder. The son had severe psychomotor retardation and the mother had intractable seizures and mild psychomotor retardation. MRI demonstrated moderate pachygyria in the son and subcortical heterotopia in the mother. In both patients, the frontal parts of the brain were characteristically more affected than any other areas. A dominant pattern of inheritance in the family suggests a genetic role in the underlying cause of the migration disorder. The difference in severity between the two patients also suggests an X-linked dominant inheritance. Our family fits the condition of X-linked lissencephaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Kabuki make-up syndrome and report of a case with hydrocephalus.

We report a 22-year-old man with hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis. The patient was diagnosed with Kabuki make-up syndrome based on associated findings such as a peculiar facies, postnatal growth deficiency, brachydactyly of the fifth fingers, undescended testes, and malrotation of the colon. Kabuki make-up syndrome, recognized in Japan in 1981, is characterized by five cardinal manifestations: a peculiar facies, skeletal anomalies, dermatoglyphic anomalies, slight to moderate mental retardation, and postnatal dwarfism. Neurological anomalies have been reported to include neonatal hypotonia, feeding problems, seizures, West syndrome, microcephaly, brain atrophy, GH deficiency, precocious puberty, delayed sexual development, and diabetes insipidus. Aqueductal stenosis may be caused by part of the series of midline anomalies. Physicians should pay attention to associated anomalous characteristics suggesting a malformation syndrome when they encounter nontumoral aqueductal stenosis in adolescents or adults.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1998

Thrombin activity in CSF after SAH is correlated with the degree of SAH the persistence of subarachnoid clot and the development of vasospasm.

We previously reported that the coagulation system in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is strongly activated in the early stage of a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). We evaluated the relationship among thrombin activity, degree of SAH, amount of clearance of SAH, and vasospasm. The CSF levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were measured by radio-immunoassay in 36 SAH patients, who were diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) within 12 hours and on whom surgery was performed within 48 hours. Clearance of SAH (%) was evaluated as the size of the clot in the basal cistern visualized between the initial and postoperative CT. The mean level of FPA in the patients of Group 3 (Fisher's CT classification) (182.2 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those in the patients of Group 2 (36.2 ng/ml). There was a significant difference in the mean level of FPA between patients with (47.6 ng/ml) and without infarction (408.3 ng/ml). In 18 of the 27 patients of Group 3 for whom the clearance of the SAH was determined, the patients showing a lower clearance rate (< 50%) of SAH demonstrated a significantly higher rate of infarction and a significantly higher level of FPA (466.6 ng/ml) than did the patients with a higher clearance rate (> 50%) of SAH (79.2 ng/ml). These results suggest that, the thrombin activity in CSF is correlated with the degree of SAH, the persistence of subarachnoid clot and the development of vasospasm.

Cerebral Infarction↗
PubMed1998

Prophylactic effect of papaverine prolonged-release pellets on cerebral vasospasm in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: A drug delivery system using copoly(lactic/glycolic acid) was developed for the intracranial administration of papaverine. A rod-shaped implant prepared by a heat compression method was tested to determine its efficacy in preventing cerebral vasospasm in dogs. METHODS: Sixteen dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups, i.e., placebo or papaverine. Control angiography was performed, followed by right craniectomy and the induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage by the placement of a clot in the Sylvian fissure. Two pellets, containing either 25 mg of papaverine or no papaverine, were placed in the cistern. In in vitro studies, 56% of the actual papaverine loading was released in the first 4 days and 78% within 8 days. On Day 7, angiography was repeated and the animals were killed. A similar experiment using low-dose pellets containing 5 mg of papaverine, half of which was released within 7 days, was performed with 16 mongrel dogs. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the papaverine- and placebo-treated groups in the reductions of vessel diameters of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries on the clot side. The mean concentration of papaverine in the clot was 4.5 x 10(-4) mol/L. The low-dose pellet failed to prevent cerebral vasospasm, although the mean concentration of papaverine in the clot was 2.3 x 10(-5) mol/L. CONCLUSION: A prolonged-release preparation of papaverine that could be implanted intracranially at the time of surgery prevented vasospasm significantly while maintaining an appropriate concentration of papaverine in the cistern.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Metabolic profiles of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated by early surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic response of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to determine whether the severity of hemorrhage influenced the response. METHODS: Resting energy expenditure, nitrogen balance, and serum rapid-turnover proteins were studied for 3-day periods at Day 4, Day 10, and before discharge in patients with SAH who underwent surgical clipping within 2 days after the onset. The patients were divided into two groups according to the Hunt and Hess classification system; there were 17 patients with Grade I or II (mild group) and 19 patients with Grade III, IV, or V (severe group). RESULTS: The mean resting energy expenditures (mean+/-standard deviation) were highest on Day 10, which were 146+/-24% and 198+/-78% of basal energy expenditure in the mild and severe groups, respectively. The nitrogen balance levels of the mild group on Days 4 and 10 were -3.0+/-3.5 g per day and -4.5+/-2.9 g per day, and those of the severe group were -7.5+/-3.2 g per day and -9.2+/-4.1 g per day, respectively. There was a significant difference in the nitrogen balance over time between the two groups (P=0.0037). Serum transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels were lowest on Day 4 and gradually increased. There were no significant differences in these parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSION: SAH treated by surgery induces a profound stress response. A significant difference of increased catabolism but not decreased anabolism between the mild and severe groups was noted.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Eosinophilic myocarditis associated with toxicodermia caused by phenobarbital.

We report on a 37-year-old man with congestive heart failure caused by eosinophilic myocarditis associated with toxicodermia. He developed many annular skin eruptions and peripheral eosinophilia due to reactions against phenobarbital. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed extensive infiltration of eosinophils in the myocardium. A drug lymphocyte-stimulating test (DLST) for phenobarbital was positive. His symptoms, cardiomegaly, and cardiac function were improved by discontinuing phenobarbital followed by oral administration of prednisolone. We conclude that this eosinophilic myocarditis must have been induced by an allergic reaction to phenobarbital and that long-term eosinophilia contributed to the myocardial injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Efficacy of nicardipine prolonged-release pellet on cerebral vasospasm in dogs].

A drug delivery system using copoly (lactic/glycolic acid) was developed for the intrathecal administration of nicardipine. This system was tested to determine its efficacy in preventing cerebral vasospasm in dogs. A rod-shaped implant (1-mm diameter, 10-mm long and which contained approximately 10% of nicardipine) was prepared by a heat compression method. In in vitro studies, 8% of the actual nicardipine loaded was released during day 1, 17% within day 2, 62% within day 4, and 96% within day 10. In in vivo studies, 12 dogs were assigned to two groups: the placebo group and the group treated with nicardipine. Angiography before the experiment was performed followed by right craniectomy and induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage by the placement of a clot in the Sylvian fissure. Eight pellets, either containing 8 mg of nicardipine or without nicardipine were placed in the cistern. On day 7, the angiography was repeated and cerebrospinal fluid was removed from the cisterna magna. The animals were then sacrificed, and the brain and blood clot were taken out. Cerebral vessels were measured three times with a calibrated optical micrometer, and the mean value was obtained. Average reduction of vessel diameters on the clot side in the placebo and nicardipine groups were -37% and -10% on the internal carotid (IC), -48% and -3% on the middle cerebral (MC), and -28% and -1% on the anterior cerebral artery (AC), respectively. There were significant differences in vessel diameters of IC (p < 0.05), MC (p < 0.005), and AC (p < 0.05) between these groups. No vasospasm was found in the left side. The nicardipine concentration in the clot was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean concentration of nicardipine in the clot was 1.5 x 10(-4)M, at which concentration sufficient relaxation is evoked in vitro. The pellets did not last beyond day 7. Regarding the histological findings, there was a marked difference in vessel diameters between the placebo and the nicardipine treated groups. The arteries were surrounded with red blood cells and inflammatory cells. There were no specific changes related to the pellets and no sign of meningoencephalitis. A prolonged-release preparation of nicardipine that can be implanted intracranially at the time of surgery prevented vasospasm significantly in dogs. These results suggest that this new drug delivery system might be put into effect favorably in patients suffering from vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reduced expression of calponin in canine basilar artery after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Calponin, an actin- and tropomyosin-binding protein, has been characterized as an inhibitory factor in the smooth-muscle actomyosin activity. The level of calponin was determined in canine basilar arteries in a double-haemorrhage model. Thirty dogs were assigned to three groups: day 0 group, control; day 2 group, dogs sacrificed 2 days after cisternal injection of blood; and day 7 group, dogs given double cisternal injections of blood and sacrificed 7 days after the first injection. Constriction of the basilar artery was confirmed by arterial angiography. Portions of the affected arteries or the corresponding region in control animals were solubilized for sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A major band corresponding to calponin was seen at 34 kD in the basilar artery extracts using chicken gizzard polyclonal antibodies. The densitometer values of the band on Coomassie blue-stained gels were expressed as percentages of day 0 control values. The signals of day 2 and day 7 samples were 47% +/- 20% and 23% +/- 12%, respectively (mean +/- standard deviation). The proportions of calponin to actin/tropomyosin in the day 0, day 2, and day 7 groups were 13% +/- 6%, 6% +/- 2%, and 4% +/- 2%, respectively. The reduced expression of calponin may be related to sustained contraction during cerebral vasospasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Phenytoin-induced cerebral thrombosis in rats: cerebral ultrastructure, water content and ischaemic volume in the acute phase.

A new rat model for multifocal cerebral thrombosis has recently been reported (Tani et al., 1994; 1995). Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral neocortex in the acute phase were investigated in order to characterize the early pathological events in this model. A bolus injection of alkaline phenytoin solution (pH 10.8) into one internal carotid artery in the rat caused severe endothelial injury accompanied by thrombosis in the cerebral vasculature within 5 minutes, and severe oedema of the ipsilateral hemisphere within an hour. Cerebral water content was measured by the simple dry-wet method, and cerebral surface area and the surface area and volume of the ischaemic zone were measured using computer-aided image analysis. Good correlations were demonstrated between cerebral water content and cerebral surface area, and between the surface area and volume of the ischaemic zone. We report here that quantitative evaluation of acute cerebral damage induced by phenytoin solution is possible with high reliability using simple image analysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Endothelium-dependent relaxation and vasospasm in the single-hemorrhage canine model.

We have investigated the relationship between angiographic vasospasm and the ability of spastic vessels to relax in response to agents which promote release of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Vasospasm was induced in dogs by the 'single hemorrhage' technique. Animals received a single intracisternal injection of blood, blood activated with thromboplastin or collagen, or inert material, and angiograms were obtained day 0 and day 7. Vasospasm was estimated by measuring the ratio of the diameter of the vessel before and after treatment. Rings of cerebral artery obtained from these animals were suspended in a standard organ-bath arrangement, contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha and then treated with increasing doses of adenosine triphosphate or bradykinin, both of which cause relaxation by an endothelium-dependent process. The arteries from animals with moderate to severe vasospasm showed a response to bradykinin and adenosine-triphosphate which was reduced, absent or converted to a contraction, when compared with normal vessels. Vessels in which vasospasm was mild or absent relaxed as expected to these agents. The reduction in vessel diameter showed a highly significant correlation with the reduction in relaxation to bradykinin or adenosine-triphosphate. These results have demonstrated that impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation correlates with the existence of vasospasm.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Measures of vocal function during changes in vocal effort level.

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a controlled study of the day-to-day variabilities of three acoustic parameters (jitter, shimmer, and normalized noise energy), and two electroglottographic parameters (contact quotient and contact quotient perturbation) for vowels produced at three vocal efforts (low, normal, high). Data were obtained with use of a sophisticated bilinear interpolation pitch detection method. A repeated measures design required subjects to produce the vowels /ae/ and /a/ five times a day over 3 days at each vocal effort level. The jitter, shimmer, and normalized noise energy values from acoustic measures and contact quotient and contact quotient perturbation values varied significantly among the three vocal effort levels. The clinical implication of this finding is that vocal effort must be controlled in order to obtain consistent clinical measures. Furthermore, day-to-day variability must be taken into account if representative measures are to be obtained for clinical use.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Induction of cerebral thrombosis with phenytoin in rats.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore whether intra-arterial infusion of phenytoin causes cerebral ischemia and to examine the mechanism of cerebral ischemia induced by phenytoin. METHODS: Ten rats were infused with phenytoin (150 microL, 3.75 mg) retrogradely from the left external carotid artery, followed by perfusion of carbon black transcardially. The removed brain was photographed from above, and the nonperfused area was compared with control rats (n = 10) with the use of an image analyzer. Eight animals with or without phenytoin treatment were perfusion-fixed for transmission electron microscopic analyses of cerebral vasculature. To determine the effect of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) on phenytoin-infused rat cerebrum, 20 rats were treated with or without TPA (120,000 IU) 5 minutes after the phenytoin infusion (n = 10 each). RESULTS: All rats suffered from respiratory distress 25 to 40 minutes after the injection and received carbon black transcardially. The nonperfused area was seen in the territory of the left internal carotid artery. Thrombi were observed from arterioles to capillaries. Under electron microscopy, endothelial cells were partially exfoliated, and the vascular lumen was obstructed by thrombi predominantly consisting of platelets. Eight rats with TPA survived more than 60 minutes, whereas only 2 rats survived without the treatment (P < .005). Nonperfused areas were 7 +/- 5% and 50 +/- 11% of cerebral surface area in rats with and without TPA treatment, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Intra-arterial infusion of phenytoin results in a nonperfused area in rat cerebrum primarily due to thrombosis of arterioles and capillaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase levels in canine basilar artery after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation may be impaired during cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Under normal circumstances nitric oxide (NO) released by endothelial cells induces relaxation of smooth muscle by activating the soluble form of guanylate cyclase within muscle cells. In this study the levels of both endothelial NO synthase, the enzyme that produces NO, and soluble guanylate cyclase were determined in canine basilar arteries in a double-hemorrhage model using Western blot immunoassays. Thirty dogs were assigned to three groups: Group D0, control; Group D2, dogs sacrificed 2 days after cisternal injection of blood; and Group D7, dogs given double cisternal injections of blood and sacrificed 7 days after the first injection. Constriction of the basilar artery was confirmed by arterial angiography. Portions of the affected arteries or the corresponding region in control animals were solubilized for sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. A specific monoclonal antibody against endothelial NO synthase was used. The extract from basilar arteries showed two bands on the blots: 135 kD, characteristic of endothelial NO synthase, and 120 kD, which may be a degradation product of the enzyme. The densitometer values of the bands were presented as percentages of D0 control values. Although the total signal in the D7 group was less than that of the D0 control group (D2, 97% +/- 22%; D7, 78% +/- 40%), it was not statistically significant. The proportion of the 135-kD form decreased between Groups D0 and D7, but the difference was not significant. A single major band corresponding to the alpha-subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase was seen at 70 kD in the basilar artery extracts. The signals of D2 and D7 samples were 69% +/- 40% and 25% +/- 18%, respectively. There was a significant difference between D7 and D0 (p < 0.001). The reduced expression of soluble guanylate cyclase may be related to the impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in vasospasm.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗