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Biomedical subjects

H Kasuya

Publications and source records attributed to H Kasuya.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Activated complement components C3a and C4a in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of the complement components C3a and C4a in 40 patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Serial measurements of the lumbar CSF levels revealed that the C3a and C4a levels were significantly elevated in the initial stage of SAH, but decreased rapidly. Within 48 hours after SAH, the mean C3a and C4a levels in the cisternal, lumbar, and ventricular CSF were significantly higher in patients with delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) than in those without DIND. The serially measured plasma levels of C3a and C4a in patients with DIND were elevated more than in those without DIND, but they did not show a significant change over time. Simultaneous levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), an indicator of thrombin activity in CSF, were also measured by radioimmunoassay. There was a significant correlation between CSF-activated complement components and CSF FPA. These results suggest that complement activation occurred in the subarachnoid space soon after SAH, chiefly due to activation of the coagulation system. The higher CSF levels of C3a and C4a in patients with DIND may indicate a relationship between these components and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Activation of the coagulation system in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid haemorrhage: serial measurement of fibrinopeptide A and bradykinin of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels as an indicator of thrombin activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 25 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were measured serially by radioimmunoassay (RIA). FPA levels in CSF were extremely high on days 0-1 (1253 +/- 269 ng/ml, mean +/- standard error) but decreased rapidly (11.3 +/- 3.9 ng/ml on days 2-4, 10.7 +/- 5.9 ng/ml on days 5-7, and 6.3 +/- 1.5 ng/ml on days 8-14). In the controls the FPA concentration in CSF was 1.2 +/- 0.9 ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation). Plasma FPA levels in patients with SAH showed no statistically significant changes with time. The bradykinin (BK) concentration in CSF and plasma in 27 patients with SAH was measured serially by RIA. The concentrations in CSF were 122.7 +/- 22.7 pg/ml (mean +/- standard error) on day 0, 38.6 +/- 6.1 pg/ml on day 1, 22.7 +/- 6.3 pg/ml on day 2, and 17.1 +/- 3.0 pg/ml or less thereafter. Plasma BK levels in patients with SAH were higher than those in the control group, but there was no statistically significant change over time. From the measurement of FPA it was apparent that the coagulation system in the subarachnoid space is strongly activated in the early stage of SAH. The formation of BK in CSF after SAH is thought to be due to the contact activation of Hageman factor (intrinsic factor) in the subarachnoid space. Trabeculae as collagen bundles in the subarachnoid space were considered to have a possible role in activating the Hageman factor of the coagulation system in SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Three autopsied cases of postmyocarditic cardiomegaly. Comparison with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Three patients with clinically proven myocarditis who later developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like features were studied pathologically at necropsy and compared with 42 other cases with DCM. The patients were an 18 year old female, a 20 year old male and a 28 year old male. They all had an upper respiratory tract infection as a prodromal symptom and then developed dyspnea on effort, electrocardiographic changes and cardiomegaly. In case 1, the antibody titers for Coxsackie B2 virus were elevated. In cases 1 and 3, myocardial biopsies revealed a mononuclear cell infiltrate. All 3 died of congestive heart failure. Histologically, layer-unit depletion of the myocardium (the myocardial damage and its sequelae (loss or minimal fibrosis) are restricted to certain layers), infiltration of mononuclear cells and moderate fibrosis were noted. In case 3, fibrosis and layer-unit depletion of the myocardium were mild. In our 42 DCM cases, the mean area of fibrosis was 40% in the fibrosis type, 15% in the nonfibrosis type and 30% in chronic myocarditis. In postmyocarditic cardiomegaly (PMC), the areas of fibrosis were 21.6%, 21.7% and 13.1% for the 3 cases. Mean cellularity indexes were 3.9% in PMC, 5.1% in the fibrosis type of DCM, 19.4% in the chronic myocarditis cases and 27% in the nonfibrosis type of DCM. With respect to fibrosis and interstitial cellularity, PMC most resembles the nonfibrosis type of DCM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[A study of continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The influences of continuous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on vasospasm and hydrocephalus were analyzed retrospectively in 150 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms (32 cases of grade 1, 85 cases of grade 2, and 33 cases of grade 3 by the Hunt and Hess classification). One hundred and seven of these cases received CSF drainage (cisternal, ventricular, lumbar, or a combination of these). The volume of CSF drainage within the first week after onset was 975 +/- 513 ml (mean +/- SD). The total volume of CSF drainage was 2063 +/- 1635 ml (mean +/- SD). The duration of CSF drainage was 10.6 +/- 6.8 days (mean +/- SD). Ten of 46 cases given no drainage within the first week after onset, nine of 55 cases with a drainage volume of less than 1000 ml within the first week, and 24 of 49 cases with a drainage volume of more than 1000 ml within the first week showed vasospasm. There was a statistically significant dose-response (drainage volume-vasospasm) relationship (p less than 0.005, Mantel extension method). Four of 43 cases with no drainage, 26 of 67 cases with a total drainage volume of less than 2000 ml, and 24 of 40 cases with a total drainage volume of more than 2000 ml developed hydrocephalus. There was a statistically significant dose-response (drainage volume-hydrocephalus) relationship (p less than 0.005, Mantel extension method). Vasospasm and hydrocephalus were statistically associated (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Acoustic screening for laryngeal cancer.

An acoustic screening method for indicating the possible presence of laryngeal cancer was investigated. Three acoustic parameters, comprising perturbations in pitch-period and peak-amplitude sequences, and vocal noise, were measured from a sustained vowel, e, spoken by the subjects taking part in the investigation. Experiments to discriminate between normal and cancer groups were performed with voice samples taken from 64 normal control subjects and 57 patients with laryngeal cancer. Experiments were also carried out to test the perceptual significance of the three parameters. From the results, we have been able to conclude that their combined use will enable us to build an acoustic screening system for laryngeal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Normalized noise energy as an acoustic measure to evaluate pathologic voice.

In order to evaluate noise components included in pathologic voice signals, a novel acoustic measure, normalized noise energy (NNE), is proposed and its effectiveness for the detection of laryngeal pathologies is investigated with 250 vowel samples spoken by 64 control (normal) subjects and 186 patients with various laryngeal diseases. The NNE is automatically computed from the voice signals using an adaptive comb filtering method performed in the frequency domain. Experiments with the voice samples show that the NNE is especially effective for detecting glottic cancer, recurrent nerve paralysis, and vocal cord nodules. Specifically, when glottic cancer is represented in terms of the T classification adopted by the UICC (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer), glottic T2-T4 cancer can be perfectly discriminated from normal samples, but 22.6% of patients with glottic T1 cancer are incorrectly classified as normal, with an error rate of 9.4% for normal subjects.

Glottis↗
PubMed1986

Forme fruste of von Recklinghausen's disease: unilateral association of an orbital neurofibroma, a trigeminal neurinoma, and an acoustic neurinoma. Case Report.

A patient who presented with a tumor of the left ambient cistern, a left cerebellopontine angle tumor, and a left orbital tumor causing left hearing loss and left exophthalmos without café au lait spots or cutaneous neurofibromas is described. There was no family history of von Recklinghausen's disease. A cerebellopontine angle tumor removed by a suboccipital craniectomy was an acoustic neurinoma. An ambient cistern tumor was approached through a subtemporal route. A tumor arising from the trigeminal nerve was also a neurinoma. An orbital neurofibroma was excised by a frontal craniotomy with removal of the orbital roof. This rare unilateral association of neurinomas and a neurofibroma on the left side was thought to be a forme fruste of von Recklinghausen's disease, and it could be considered a presentation of a mosaic of von Recklinghausen's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Serial measurement of bradykinin of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The bradykinin (BK) concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 21 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was measured serially by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The values were 134.9 +/- 93.9 pg/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) on the day of onset, 38.3 +/- 31.8 pg/ml on the first day after onset, 23.4 +/- 22.8 pg/ml on the second day, 16.6 +/- 9.9 pg/ml on the third day, 15.5 +/- 6.0 pg/ml on the fourth day, and 14.8 +/- 5.9 pg/ml on the fifth day. In the controls the BK concentration in the CSF was 8.0 +/- 3.3 pg/ml (n = 10). On the other hand, none of 5 patients with intraventricular hematoma due to intracerebral hemorrhage had a high level of BK in the bloody CSF at the initial stage (15.2-26.0 pg/ml). This shows that BK is not produced only by the mixture of CSF and blood. BK is produced by the activation of Hageman factor that is considered to be activated by trabecula of collagen bundles in the subarachnoid space in the case of SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A case of septic aneurysm complicated with simultaneous subdural and intracerebral hematoma].

A case of septic aneurysms complicated with simultaneous subdural and intracerebral hematoma is presented. A 13-year-old girl had been operated on for endocardial cushion defect when she was 5 years old, and residual mitral regurgitation was followed up. She suddenly complained of headache, vomited and lost consciousness. She was brought to the Tokyo Women's Medical College Hospital by an ambulance. On arrival, she was semicomatose. Her left pupil was mydriatic and did not react to light. Right hemiparesis was noted. Systolic murmur was audible in the apical region of the heart. Laboratory data showed a mild anemia and a white cell count of 23,000. CT scan showed a subdural hematoma in the left frontotemporoparietal region and a small subcortical hematoma in the left occipital lobe. An emergency operation was carried out for the subdural hematoma. When the dura was opened, about 10 ml bloody CSF flowed out. A hematoma weighing about 50 g was removed. A bleeding point or an aneurysm could not be discovered on the dura, arachnoid membrane or surface of the brain at the operation. On the 15th day after the operation, when the fever was decreased, cerebral angiography was done. The left vertebral angiogram showed an aneurysm on a peripheral branch of the calcarine artery, which was considered the origin of the subcortical hematoma in the left occipital lobe. The left carotid angiogram showed no aneurysm. On the seventh day after that study, the aneurysm did not appear by left vertebral angiography. She was discharged with no neurological deficit. One month later, she was admitted again with a high fever.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Statistical relationships among the first three formant frequencies in vowel segments in continuous speech.

Statistical relationships among F1, F2 and F3 in vowel segments in continuous speech were investigated with 909 vowel samples from Japanese sentences uttered by 4 adult male speakers. Determined by minimizing the square errors from the measured F3, two separate planes corresponding to front and back vowels are situated in the F1F2F3 space to obtain the F3 values estimated from F1 and F2. Estimation errors are found to be comparable to difference limens in hearing. Also, uniform/nonuniform formant frequency scaling is discussed in terms of physical differences in the planes for individual speakers.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Articulatory parameters for the perception of bilabials.

In order to investigate articulatory cues for the perception of bilabial consonants, a production model was set up whose control parameters were converted into acoustic parameters by which a terminal analogue speech synthesizer was driven to synthesize test sounds for the perception experiments. Experiments concerning discrimination between (b) and (w) and between (m) and (w) were then performed with these test sounds. Statistical testing of the results showed that discrimination among the bilabials in an intervocalic context entirely depended on the minimum value of lip opening and that, contrary to the facts hitherto known, it was independent of the rate of lip opening/closure. At the same time, the features [+ anterior, - coronal] and [+ nasal] turned out to be perceptually independent phonological attributes of bilabial and nasal consonants, respectively.

Cues↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acoustic analysis of pathological voice. Some results of clinical application.

Tape-recorded voices of 30 patients were acoustically analysed: 10 had glottic Tla carcinoma, 10 unilateral vocal fold polyp and 10 unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The carcinoma cases were treated with laser surgery with/without radiotherapy, the polyp cases with endolaryngeal microsurgery and the paralysis cases with intrafold silicone injection. The acoustic analysis was conducted before and after the treatment for each patient. Three acoustic parameters, viz. pitch perturbation quotient (PPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and normalized noise energy (NNE), were employed. The results were as follows: (1) PPQ and APQ were greater in paralysis cases than in carcinoma and polyp cases; (2) none of the parameters was useful in differentiating the three disease groups investigated; (3) all three parameters proved to be useful in monitoring the effects of treatments; (4) all three parameters were positively correlated to the grade of hoarseness, rough and breathy quality of hoarseness, mean airflow rate and regularity of vocal fold vibration viewed under stroboscopy; (5) PPQ, APQ and NNE were positively related to each other.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal washings cytology combined with immunocytochemical staining in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peritoneal washings from patients with pancreatic cancer demonstrate malignant cells in 0-58% of patients. But the significance of their potential for implantation and growth after radical surgery has not been clarified. METHODOLOGY: Peritoneal washings were collected from 74 consecutive pancreatic cancer patients during a 5-year period and studied by conventional staining and immunocytochemical staining using anti-CEA and anti-CA 19-9. Fifty of the 74 patients were resectable and the others were nonresectable. RESULTS: Seven out of 8 patients with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis were positive in conventional staining, but all 8 patients were positive in immunocytochemical staining. Five of the 66 (8%) patients without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis were positive in conventional staining, but the positive rate increased to 14 of 66 (22%) in immunocytochemical staining. There was no statistically significant difference in post-operative cumulative survival rate between the 13 positive cytology patients and 37 negative cytology patients without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The positive rate of peritoneal washings cytology was increased in this study by the use of immunocytochemical staining in addition to conventional staining. No statistically significant difference in post-operative cumulative survival rate between positive cytology patients and negative cytology patients without macroscopic peritoneal metastasis was observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Despite improvements in surgical care and locoregional therapy, the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer has seen little improvement over the last several decades. It is difficult to diagnose pancreatic cancer at its earliest stages when it is amenable to cure by surgical resection because it is too small to produce symptoms in the affected patient. Recent improvements in radiographic modalities aimed at earlier detection and extent of cancer spread have enabled the clinician to provide the most efficacious treatment regimen possible. Nevertheless, pancreatic cancer is very aggressive locally and frequently metastasizes to the liver and peritoneum. New strategies are necessary to treat pancreatic cancer and gene therapy offers hope in this regard. Many studies have revealed the promise of gene therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer in rodent models. Early clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the success of these gene therapy regimens in humans. In this article we review the gene therapy strategies currently employed in the fight against pancreatic cancer, including antisense strategies, gene-directed prodrug activation therapy, promoter gene strategies, and oncolytic viral therapy.

Animals↗