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Biomedical subjects

H Kavin

Publications and source records attributed to H Kavin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Absence of effect of nicotine on rectal sensation, rectal compliance, and anal sphincter pressures in healthy subjects.

We examined the effect of nicotine on rectal sensation, rectal compliance, and anorectal sphincter function in healthy volunteers. Eleven healthy (ex-smoker) subjects were randomized in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study of 12 mg nicotine-containing chewing gum. All treatment periods (nicotine or placebo chewing gum) were preceded by a control period without chewing gum. Crossover study was done after a washout period of more than seven days. The following measurements were made: highest anorectal sphincter tone, highest anorectal sphincter squeeze tone, percentage relaxation of the anorectal sphincter with rectal balloon distension, threshold of rectal sensation, maximal tolerable volume of air inflation of a rectal balloon, and rectal compliance. There was no significant difference in the two control periods. Chewing placebo gum had no significant effect on any of the measurements when compared with control. Compared with placebo, nicotine did not significantly affect on any of the measurements. We conclude that neither nicotine nor the sham-feeding effect of chewing placebo gum appear to have any effect on anorectal sensorimotor function or on rectal compliance in healthy ex-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Management of perforation of the colon at colonoscopy.

We propose guidelines for the management of perforation of the colon at colonoscopy based upon a comprehensive literature review. Conservative management is advocated for silent perforations and in patients with mild or localized symptoms and signs diagnosed within 4-8 h of injury. Perforations diagnosed late may be managed by nonoperative methods, if the infection is confined as determined clinically or by imaging techniques. A suspected large perforation, generalized peritonitis, or failure to improve on conservative management will mandate surgical exploration. In an intermediate group of patients, decisions regarding management will depend on crucial information regarding the circumstances surrounding the procedure. These include the endoscopist's assessment of the size, mechanism, and timing of the perforation, the adequacy of bowel preparation, delay time to diagnosis, overall condition of the patient, and the presence or absence of associated colonic pathology. Antibiotic therapy should be given to all patients immediately upon diagnosis. Single-agent therapy with cefoxitin can be used in the immunocompetent patient. Under other circumstances, combination antibiotic treatment is indicated.

Colon↗
PubMed1987

Identification of isoprenoid-type components in human expired air: a possible shunt pathway in sterol metabolism.

Expired air samples have been analyzed from three groups of human subjects (normal, liver dysfunction, lung cancer) and the baboon (Papio anubus). Of the several hundred compounds present, three compounds were of particular interest due to their structural relationship to the isoprenoid-type intermediates in the sterol pathway. These compounds were 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-ethenyl)-cyclohexene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one. Hydroxyacetone was also found in all samples screened. The relationship of these compounds to the non-sterol pathway of mevalonate metabolism is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Influence of long-term aldose reductase inhibitor therapy on autonomic dysfunction of urinary bladder, stomach and cardiovascular systems in diabetic patients.

The effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) sorbinil (250 mg/day) were tested in an open-label pilot study over 1 year, in eight diabetics with peripheral neuropathy, seven of whom had symptomic autonomic neuropathy (AN). Autonomic function studies of the urinary bladder, stomach and cardiovascular system were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Six patients reported improvement in symptoms of AN by 6 months which was maintained or further improved by 12 months. Bladder sensation, as measured by cystometrographic parameters, improved at 6 months (P less than 0.02- less than 0.04), but by 12 months had reverted to baseline. Residual urine volume decreased at 6 months (P less than 0.06) and 12 months (P less than 0.06). Vagally mediated gastric acid secretion improved at 6 months (P less than 0.06); the subgroup of patients with subnormal secretion showed improvement to the normal range at 6 months (P less than 0.03). Gastric emptying of solid food was normal in six of eight subjects and showed no significant change at 6 months. Both patients with delayed emptying normalized. No change in beat-to-beat variability in heart rate with respiration was noted. Resting minimum heart rate decreased at 12 months (P less than 0.05). Glycohemoglobin levels showed no statistically significant changes. No toxic reactions were observed. These data suggest a beneficial effect of ARI treatment on symptomatic and asymptomatic manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and indicate a need for large controlled trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

IgA deposits in skin in alcoholic liver disease.

IgA deposition in the liver in a characteristic continuous pattern is a consistent finding confirming the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease. This study demonstrates a correlation between characteristic IgA deposition in the liver and IgA deposition in and around superficial dermal capillaries in alcoholic liver disease. Simultaneous liver and skin biopsies from nineteen patients with established alcoholic liver disease and eight patients with nonalcohol-related diseases of the liver were studied using standard immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase methods. Fourteen of the nineteen alcoholic patients showed the characteristic pattern of IgA deposition in the liver, twelve of these fourteen patients showed IgA deposits in and around superficial dermal capillaries, and of these twelve patients, nine showed concurrent deposits of C3 in the skin capillaries. None of the eight nonalcoholic control patients showed either characteristic liver IgA deposits or any dermal deposits. Biopsy of clinically normal skin can be of adjunctive aid in the confirmation of alcoholic liver disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Adult coeliac disease in South Africa. An analysis of 20 cases emphasizing atypical presentations.

This is the first comprehensive report of coeliac disease from South Africa. Twenty patients with adult coeliac disease diagnosed in Johannesburg between 1966 and 1978 are reviewed. It is noted that a significant number did not present with the classic features of the disease. Secondary nutritional manifestations were frequently absent, and may have been masked in some patients by self-medication or by the prescription of vitamins and haematinics before the diagnosis was made. The majority of patients were from the middle or upper socio-economic class, and few complained of anorexia, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain. It is therefore possible that many maintained an adequate intake of nutrients throughout the course of their illness. The severity of diarrhoea and steatorrhoea did not correlate with the state of nutrition of the patients as assessed by a variety of blood studies. Megacolon, present in 2 patients, responded to a gluten-free diet. An interesting observation was that patients diagnosed after the age of 40 years had been symptomatic for a much shorter period of time than younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Celiac disease complicated by chronic nongranulomatous ulcerative enterocolitis, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A patient is presented in whom celiac disease was complicated by the development of chronic nongranulomatous ulcers in the small and large intestine. In addition, he had nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the bowel wall and mesenteric lymphoadenopathy. The terminal illness was characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation. It is postulated that the lymphoid hyperplasia was secondary to excessive stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by nongluten antigens and may be a precursor of the development of lymphoma in celiac disease. Nongluten antigens such as bacteria or endotoxins were probably responsible for the consumptive coagulopathy.

Celiac Disease↗