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Biomedical subjects

H Keskinen

Publications and source records attributed to H Keskinen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immediate and delayed allergy from epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A.

This case report presents two patients with immediate and delayed allergy to epoxy resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). In patch testing, the epoxy resin (DGEBA-based) of the standard series gave allergic reactions. Both patients had a prick test reaction of histamine size or larger to the human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate of DGEBA-based epoxy resins. One had been occupationally exposed to methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) and had a histamine-size prick test reaction to the HSA conjugate of MTHPA; the other did not react to the conjugate. Determinations of specific immunoglobulin E were carried out with HSA-DGEBA conjugates, two DGEBA-based epoxy resins, and phthalic anhydrides. The first patient had positive tests to DGEBA, the DGEBA-based epoxy resins, and two phthalic anhydrides, and the second to DGEBA and the DGEBA-based epoxy resins, but not to the phthalic anhydrides.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds.

This study comprises 40 patients with skin disorders from current or previous occupational exposure to epoxy resin compounds (ERC) during 1984-1988. ERCs were the 3rd most common cause (32 of 264 cases: 12.1%) of currently relevant allergic contact dermatitis: 23 cases from epoxy resins based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA-ERs), 5 from reactive diluents, 1 from amine hardeners (DETA), and 3 from epoxy acrylates. 2 cases (0.8%) of irritant contact dermatitis were due to ERCs. Methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA, an epoxy hardener) caused 1 case of contact urticaria. Previously relevant occupational allergic contact dermatitis from DGEBA-ERs was detected in 5 cases. On patch testing, ERC allergens gave the following positive reactions: epoxy resin of the standard series in 35 cases (4.0% of 870 tested), epoxy reactive diluents in 10 (7.1% of 140), cycloaliphatic epoxy resins in 4 (11.1% of 36), epoxy acrylates in 4 (4.5% of 88), and amine compounds commonly used as epoxy hardeners in 17. Despite extensive patch test series, testing with patients' own ERCs remains important.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1988

Occupational allergic rhinitis from guar gum.

Three cases of allergic rhinitis from a vegetable gum, guar gum, have been detected. Two subjects were exposed to fine guar gum powder (Emco Gum 563, Meyhall Chemical AG, Switzerland), an insulator in rubber cables, when opening cables in a power cable laboratory. After 1-2 years' exposure the patients developed rhinitis. Scratch-chamber tests, nasal provocation tests, nasal eosinophilia and a RAST test proved their allergy. A third subject developed allergic rhinitis from another guar gum product (Meyproid 5306, Meyhall Chemical AG) after 2 years' exposure in a paper factory. A positive skin test and nasal provocation test confirmed the diagnosis. A fourth case of possible allergy to guar gum after exposure to Meyproid 5306 in a paper factory is also presented. No final diagnosis was reached in this case (in 1974). The present subjects, only one of whom was atopic, developed allergy within 2 years, although their exposure to guar gum was not especially heavy. Therefore, when handling guar, adequate ventilation facilities should be provided and protective clothing, including a respiratory mask, should be worn.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Experiences of specific IgE in asthma due to diisocyanates.

The specific IgE antibodies were studied with the Phadebas RAST technique in 35 patients with asthma due to diisocyanates. Two had been sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 17 to methylene diisocyanate (MDI) and 16 to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed with a bronchial provocation test (BPT). The asthmatic reaction was immediate in 17 cases, of which three had also a late reaction (dual). Eighteen patients reacted only with a late reaction. Seven (20%) had specific IgE to diisocyanates. All RAST-positive patients had an immediate asthmatic reaction. None of the late reactors and referents had positive RASTs. RAST inhibition tests with 94-100% inhibition confirmed the specificity of the method. There was cross-reactivity between different diisocyanates, however. The patients with positive RAST to diisocyanates had a higher level of total IgE than the RAST negative group and the referents.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1985

Formaldehyde asthma--rare or overlooked?

A total of 230 persons who had been exposed to formaldehyde and suffered from asthma-like respiratory symptoms were examined between January 1, 1977, and May 31, 1983. All the subjects had a bronchial provocation test with formaldehyde. On the basis of the medical and occupational history of the patients, the specific bronchial provocation test, and other test results, 12 cases were considered to be caused by specific sensitization to formaldehyde. All subjects had been exposed occupationally. An exposure period of between 1 mo and 19 yr preceded the onset of symptoms. Three persons displayed no bronchial hyperreactivity as assessed with a histamine or metacholine provocation test. Eleven of the 12 reactions were triggered by about 2.5 mg/m3 and one reaction by about 1.2 mg/m3 of formaldehyde. The late reaction in 1 patient was completely blocked by the inhalation of 100 micrograms of beclomethasone di-isoproprionate before the challenge with formaldehyde. Seventy-one of the 218 subjects who did not react when they were challenged with formaldehyde demonstrated bronchial hyperreactivity. We conclude that formaldehyde asthma, although apparently a rare disease, is under reported. Removal from exposure has a favorable effect on the symptoms. Low domestic exposures, however, may maintain the symptoms in individuals already sensitized.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Occupational asthma due to stainless steel welding fumes.

Seven patients with respiratory symptoms after welding were examined. Five had occupational asthma caused by fumes from manual metal are stainless steel welding. The detailed clinical results of two patients with repeated challenge tests are reported. One patient was nonatopic and had earlier had contact dermatitis due to chromium. He experienced a non-immediate type of asthmatic reaction after welding stainless steel. The other patient was atopic and showed an immediate-type reaction. Both reactions were repeated in the second provocation test after about 2 years. In addition both disodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone pretreatments inhibited the reaction of the two patients, but a placebo medication did not. A remarkable amount of chromium and nickel are detected in the fumes released during stainless steel welding but not in the fumes from mild steel welding, with which all provocation tests were negative. The chromium or the nickel in welding fumes might be the aetiological factor of the reaction.

Asthma↗
PubMed1979

Allergy to coriander. A case report.

After 3 years of occupational exposure to powdered coriander - a spice - a woman developed respiratory symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity. Skin tests, nasal and bronchial challenge tests and the RAST were positive to coriander. Column chromatography, enzymatic digestion of the fractions and skin testing suggested that the allergen is a protein.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Humidifier-associated extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

Three cases of allergic alveolitis due to indoor humdification systems are described. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris precipitins were detected in the serum of a 37-year-old female patient who had typical febrile attacks during exposure to cool-mist from a home humidifier. When the cause was detected and eliminated, the symptoms and signs disappeared and the woman's gas transfer factor improved from 56% to normal within six months. In a printing office a 60-year-old woman had had febrile attacks with cough for more than a year. The patient herself associated the respiratory disease with a cool-mist humidifier sometimes used at work. The water reservoir was heavily contaminated with amoebas (Amoeba proteus), which might have been the causative organisms in this case. Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins were found in the serum of a 53-year-old female printer with the clinical picture of occupational allergic alveolitis. The same organism was detected in the ambient air of the printing office.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Unsuitability of bakery work for a person with atopy: a study of 234 bakery workers.

A disease of the atopic group was established in 25% of bakery employees investigated: 9% had asthma, 25% allergic rhinitis and 5% atopic eczema. The definite role of flour dust as an allergen maintaining asthma was established in 14 of 21 bakery employees with asthma. The onset of asthma in bakery work occurred after an average of 4.2 years of exposure to flour dust. The study revealed that 71% of the bakers suffering from an atopic disease had close relations with a history of atopic disease, whereas the corresponding percentage for the healthy group was 17. The results indicated that no person with current atopic disease or earlier signs of one should be given employment in the bakery branch. A relative bar to employment appears to be also the occurrence of these forms of diseases in the applicant's close relations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Immediate-type hypersensitivity to reactive dyes.

Reactive dyes have gained extensive use in recent years. This paper reports four cases of immediate-type occupational allergy to these compounds. All the patients had had symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis, and had been weighing dyes for a minimum of 2 years. The skin prick tests were positive, and nasal and bronchial provocation challenges also produced positive immediate reactions. A high serum titre of specific IgE could be demonstrated for at least one dyd by the radioallergosorbent test. The identification of specific IgE shows that the mechanism of the hypersensitivity is immunological, reactive dyes acting probably as haptens.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Occupational asthma in Finland.

In Finland occupational asthma caused by protein allergens and reactive chemicals present in the air of work environments is increasing. This communication describes provocative challenge tests and methods for measuring exposure under simulated work conditions. The importance of lung function measurements during non-exposure and placebo periods is stressed. Especially late reactions are difficult to assess because of the great circadian variation in the lung function parameters of asthmatics. For a positive challenge test, a decrease in peak flow values of at least 15% and a clear deviation from normal circadian variation and placebo periods is required. The allergens of vegetable or animal origin primarily affect patients with an atopic constitution. Chemical allergens seem to attack all exposed workers in the same way. The report lists the occupations with risk for asthma and refers to the population at risk; bakers seem to be the group with the most risk. The importance of early diagnosis, removal of the worker from exposure and improvement of the hygienic aspects of the work environment are stressed.

Air Pollutants↗