Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Kiryu.
We investigated the transcription rates of RNA polymerases that were subjected to rotational drag. By combining chemical kinetics with mechanical equations, we derived formulas for the transcription rate in the case where the torque was caused by the hydrodynamic drag to DNA rotation.
We describe a unique case of various types of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) associated with basaloid follicular hamartoma (BFH) in a 56-year-old female patient. The lesion consisted of a dark brown and elastic soft nodule and papules within the area of a birthmark on the neck. The lesion was surgically excised. Histological examination of the nodular region revealed aggregations of neoplastic basaloid cells. We diagnosed the nodule as BCC with a racemiform or reticular pattern. In addition, a specimen taken from brownish black papules within the birthmark was found to be composed of anastomosing cords of basaloid cells accompanied by infundibular cystic structures. These features were consistent with an infundibulocystic BCC. In contrast, specimens from a hamartomatous plaque showed distinctive branching strands of basaloid cells that are suggestive of BFH. Therefore, our findings indicate that several types of BCC may develop within a BFH.
We describe a Japanese girl with generalized lichen nitidus. She had been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 6 years of age via her teacher. At 8 years of age, she developed severe contact dermatitis on sun-exposed areas after contact with Japanese lacquer trees. Shortly after, numerous tiny, shiny, flesh-coloured papules developed over the upper part of her body. At 10 years of age, she was exposed to a school outbreak of M. tuberculosis. Her eruption showed no response to topical corticosteroids or oral tranilast, but most of the papules completely disappeared after she had received oral isoniazid for 6 months.
Seborrheic keratoses are very common epidermal neoplasms. We describe a patient with seborrheic keratoses presenting multifocal spontaneous regression. The patient had a concurrent nasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. The simultaneous regression of seborrheic keratoses ceased after total resection of the nasal carcinoma. Histological examination revealed marked infiltration of mononuclear cells, including CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive cells, with profound accumulation of CD1a+ dendritic cells. Although apoptotic keratinocytes were not found in the lesional epidermis by histology, the majority of keratinocytes in the regressing seborrheic keratosis were positively stained by the TUNEL method. We postulate that the internal malignancy may induce spontaneous regression of seborrheic keratoses.
A case of malignant melanoma arising on the sole of a 75-year-old Japanese man is presented. Histopathologically, in addition to the intraepidermal and intradermal malignant melanoma cells reaching the upper part of the dermis, cells were also found in the deep part of the ductal epithelium of the eccrine apparatus. Melanoma cells, and melanocytic nevus cells as well, are rarely found within the epithelial structure of sweat glands, yet they are frequently found in that of hair follicles. In order to avoid a residue of melanoma cells in the deep part of the eccrine apparatus, a fairly deep excision should be performed even for this melanoma.
We report a rare case of angiomyolipoma located in the subcutis on the nose. A 54-year-old female first noticed a small, asymptomatic mass on her nose in 1994 and underwent tumor excision in April 1999. Histopathological examination revealed a typical form of angiomyolipoma, showing a proliferation of mature adipocytes, smooth muscle fascicles, and small- to medium-sized blood vessels.
We analyzed the severity grades of the skin symptoms of Yusho patients who visited the annual examinations in 1999 and 2000. The severity grades of the skin symptoms clearly improved. The patients graded as 0 increased and those graded as II.III-III or III.IV-IV decreased as compared to the data in 1993. The pattern of the skin severity scores did not change much, although the patients who showed 0.1 reached 68% in 2000. The blood PCB concentration of Yusho patients also clearly decreased, especially in the patients who showed "A" pattern. Furthermore, the skin changes of the aged patients should be analyzed in detail in the future.
We examined whether macrophage infiltration is associated with angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma. The numbers of macrophages and microvessels increased significantly with increasing depth of tumor and with tumor angiogenesis. Macrophage infiltration thus appeared to provide a useful diagnostic marker for the progression of cutaneous melanoma. We further examined whether human melanoma cells produce angiogenic factors in response to macrophage-derived cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha). Treatment of melanoma cells with TNFalpha and IL-1alpha in vitro enhanced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to a lesser degree, in human melanoma cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human monocytes enhanced production of IL-8, VEGF, TNF alpha, as well as IL-1alpha, but not bFGF. Co-culture of human monocytes and human melanoma cells was also found to significantly enhance production of IL-8 and VEGF in the absence and presence of LPS, compared with either monocytes or melanoma cells alone. The production of IL-8 and VEGF from co-cultured melanoma cells and LPS-activated monocytes was blocked when anti-TNF-alpha antibody or anti-IL-1alpha antibody was co-administrated. This is direct evidence that production of the potent angiogenic factors IL-8 and VEGF from melanoma cells is up-regulated through TNFalpha and/or IL-1alpha secreted by activated monocytes/macrophages, influencing both tumor growth and angiogenesis in melanomas.
Eight cases of encapsulated fat necrosis are described. The patients were two males and six females from 10 to 77 years of age. The majority of the lesions clinically presented as asymptomatic, multiple, mobile, small nodules. All patients were treated by simple excisions of the nodules. Grossly, the lesions were whitish-yellow in color, smoothly-surfaced, round nodules measuring 3 to 20 mm in the greatest diameter. Histopathologically, the nodules were basically composed of variably degenerated and necrotic fatty tissue covered by fibrous connective tissue capsule associated with occasional calcification and inflammatory cell infiltrates. Among several terms proposed for this disease, encapsulated fat necrosis is considered most preferable term based on the clinical and histological findings of the present and reported cases.
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BACKGROUND: Bowen's disease (BD) is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that rarely invades into the underlying dermis. However, little is known about its immunohistology. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the cytological properties of the tumour cells in BD and the host immune response. METHODS: We examined the expression of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 antigen, and the number of mitotic cells, together with the number of intratumoral and dermal infiltrating CD1a+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ cells in 18 cases of genital BD. RESULTS: When compared with normal genital skin (n = 10), there was a significantly higher number of mitotic cells as well as higher expression of p53+, PCNA+ and Ki67+ cells in BD. There was significant mutual correlation between CD3+, CD4+ and CD68+ cells in the tumoral epidermis. The number of CD1a+ Langerhans cells significantly decreased in BD epidermis; however, dermal CD1a+ cells were increased. Interestingly, numbers of dermal CD1a+ cells significantly correlated with those of intratumoral CD3+, CD4+ and CD68+ cells. In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) demonstrated that HPV-infected BD had significantly less infiltration of intratumoral CD3+ cells and CLA+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that dermal CD1a+ cells may participate in the immune surveillance and that HPV infection may interfere with the intratumoral infiltration of CLA+ cells in BD.
A 38-year-old female was diagnosed as Hodgkin's disease of the axillar lymph nodes, nodular sclerosis type, as evidenced by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells positive for CD30 and CD15 and negative for CD3, CD20, and CD45. She achieved complete remission after combination chemotherapy. Two years later, she noticed a red papule on her public area without any lymph node involvement. The biopsy specimens showed diffuse proliferation of large-sized atypical lymphoid cells positive for CD30 and CD45, and negative for CD3, CD20 and CD15. These findings were mostly compatible with CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma). Our case is considered to be cutaneous Ki-1 lymphoma preceded by Hodgkin's disease.
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A 71-year-old Japanese woman is reported as a case of late onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with lichen planus (LP)-like eruption and cardiac tamponade. As an initial symptom, our patient had cutaneous lesions clinically and histologically resembling LP, and then the passage of time allowed for the development of additional criteria (lymphopenia, pericarditis) until the diagnosis of SLE could be made. Our case suggests that LP-like eruptions may be one of the unusual variations of late onset SLE and elderly patients with LP-like eruptions should be carefully followed until a final diagnosis can be clearly made.
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A 58 year-old male had reddish scattered papules strictly confined to the right side of his upper back and neck, right shoulder, and right upper arm. Additionally, he also noticed a subcutaneous nodule on his left thigh. Histopathological examinations revealed that the papules on the back, nape of the neck, shoulder, and arm were multiple piloleiomyomas, as shown by the proliferation of bundles of smooth muscles in the dermis. The subcutaneous nodule of the thigh was angioleiomyoma with a well-circumscribed lesion composed of smooth muscles and blood vessels. Ipsilaterality and segmentality of the distribution of the papules of piloleiomyomas and probable family history that his mother had similar papules with a similar distribution suggest the nevoid character of our case. Piloleiomyomas are often reported to be associated with leiomyoma of the uterus or other organs. This is the first reported case of multiple piloleiomyomas with solitary angioleiomyoma in the literature.
Bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that rarely invades into the underlying dermis. In order to evaluate the relationship between the cytological properties of the tumor cells and the host immune response, we have examined the expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the number of mitotic cells, clumping cells, koilocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal lymphoid cell infiltration in 18 cases of anogenital Bowen's disease. When compared with normal anogenital skins (n = 10), a statistically significant number of p53-positive cells, PCNA-positive cells, mitotic cells, clumping cells, koilocytes and dermal lymphoid cells was observed in the cases of Bowen's disease. Importantly, there existed a very strong correlation between the number of PCNA-positive tumor cells and the number of infiltrated dermal lymphoid cells. Moreover, the number of mitotic cells significantly correlated with the number of intratumoral LCs. The in situ hybridization technique for human papilloma virus (HPV) demonstrated that the HPV-infected Bowen's disease showed a similar histological and immunohistological pattern as the HPV-non-infected counterparts, except for increased koilocyte formation and decreased p53 positivity. The present data suggest that the proliferative activity of Bowen's disease significantly correlates with the host immune reaction, and that the host immune system may differentially recognize the different cytological properties of tumor cells in the Bowen's disease.
A very rare case of malignant melanoma in situ of the nail unit of a child is presented. Clinically, a pigmented streak was present on the finger nail of a 3-year-old girl, and the lesion increased in size and in darkness of the color associated with periungual pigmentation in the following two years. Histopathologically, sections showed proliferation of atypical melanocytes, arranged mostly in single units but some in nests, in and above the basal layer of the epithelium and admixed with long dendrites and a few mitotic figures. Pigmented lesions of nail units of children often show fading or loss of pigmentation clinically; however, a biopsy should be done when they show augmentative changes which clinically suggest malignancy, because subungual malignant melanoma can exist even in children, and proper biopsy can detect it in its early stages.